Developing high-efficiency hetero-catalysts for transesterification reaction is of great importance in the production of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas L. seed oil (JO). Here, we synthesized a series of sulfated TiO2 by treating with varying H2SO4 concentration (SO42−/TiO2) and TiO2 catalysts and applied to the transesterification of JO. Furthermore, these heterostructures were characterized by many characterization methods including XRD, FT-IR, N2-adsorption, SEM, TEM, TG, py-IR and NH3-TPD, and their catalytic performance was investigated under various operating conditions. The results reveal that both the Brønsted and Lewis acid sites are presented in the SO42−/TiO2 catalysts, while only Lewis-type sites are observed in the TiO2 catalyst. And the acid intensity, surface area and mesoporous volume of catalysts are improved obviously after treating TiO2 with sulfuric acid. Then the SO42−/TiO2 catalysts exhibit much higher catalytic activity than TiO2 catalyst, which is attributed to the larger surface area and mesoporous volume and stronger acidity. Furthermore, the reusability behaviour of 1.5 SO42−/TiO2 catalyst in the transesterification of JO was also studied.
The solid acid SO 4 2 − /TiO 2 was prepared by immersion method and applied for synthesis of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PMA) through esterification reaction of propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PM) and acetic acid (HAc). The optimal catalyst preparation condition was determined by orthogonal analysis of parameters in a five-factor and four-level test. The obtained solid acid catalysts were characterized in detail by means of X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetry, pyridine adsorbed IR analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and BET surface area method. Synthesis of PMA was studied in this paper through experimental investigation of reaction conditions such as temperature, molar ratio of reactants, catalyst dosage and agitation speed. Based on its possible reaction mechanism, a pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model was established and its activation energies E a + and E a − , 65.68 × 10 3 J·mol − 1 and 57.78 × 10 3 J·mol − 1 , were estimated. To prepare shaped solid acid catalyst SO 4 2 − /TiO 2 , the shaping method of impregnation–shaping–impregnation was applied. The optimal molding formulation of solid acid catalyst, obtained from the orthogonal test, was found to be binder 7 wt.%, reinforcing agent 20 wt.%, pore forming material 2.5 wt.%, and lubricant 4 wt.%. The results of performance test of catalyst demonstrated that the shaped solid acid catalyst exhibited high activity and stability.
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