Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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2022
·
IF 7.968
Bo Wang,Qiaowen Yang
Large amounts of spent selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts were produced in industry after losing their activity. This study developed a clean and effective route of leaching and recovery of vanadium (V) from spent SCR catalyst. First, ascorbic acid (C 6 H 8 O 6 ) as the adjuvant can enhance vanadium leaching in H 2 SO 4 solution. The effect parameters of acid concentration, leaching temperature, leaching time and liquid-solid (L/S) ratio on the leaching efficiency of vanadium were investigated. Then, the enrichment of vanadium in the leachate to obtain the black cake was carried out through adjusting pH value. The effects of vanadium concentration and pH on the precipitation efficiency of vanadium were studied. Finally, after alkaline dissolution and oxidation of the black cake, ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl) was selected and used as the precipitant to obtain the ammonium poly-vanadate (APV). The final product vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) was obtained through roasting APV at 550 ℃ for 1.0 h. The black cake, APV and V 2 O 5 were analyzed by the characterization of XRD or XRF . This study may introduce a new perspective for the effective usage of vanadium from spent SCR catalyst.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2023
·
IF 11.1
Guorong Hu,Kun Huang,Ke Du,Zhongdong Peng,Yanbing Cao
The recovery and regeneration of FePO 4 from lithium extraction slag (LES) are crucial steps in the closed-loop recycling of waste LiFePO 4 batteries . This necessity arises despite the low commercial value of LES, as conventional recovery methods are cost-prohibitive, leading to insufficient attention to LES recovery. The recent surge in retired batteries has resulted in a significant accumulation of LES, posing serious environmental concerns, however, the high content of Fe and P resources in LES presents a potential value. The study begins with a theoretical analysis, concluding that the reduction leaching of LES is a feasible approach. By integrating this with the Fe powder synthesis route for FePO 4 , it is found that efficient leaching of LES can be achieved using a low concentration of H 2 SO 4 , thereby significantly reducing the recovery cost. This method not only efficiently utilize LES but also alleviates environmental pressure. The thermodynamic analysis sheds light on the mechanism of LES leaching and FePO 4 synthesis, confirming the feasibility of each reaction. Optimal leaching conditions (1.4 times the stoichiometric amount of H 2 SO 4 , 1.5 times the amount of Fe powder, an L/S ratio of 5 mL/g, and a reaction duration of 150 min at 60 °C), under which the leaching rates of Fe and P reached 94.66% and 98.23%, respectively. Additionally, the study introduces a method to remove the main impurity Al in LES, achieving a removal rate of over 99%, reducing its concentration to below 100 ppm. Other impurities, such as Ti, Mn, and Zn, also meet the Chinese Chemical Industry Standard (HG/T 4701-2021). Comparative analyses were conducted between regenerated R-FePO 4 , commercial C–FePO 4 , and untreated LES (r-FePO 4 ). LiFePO 4 materials derived from these sources were synthesized, followed by an evaluation of their electrochemical performance. The regenerated R-FePO 4 matched the quality of commercial FePO 4 and significantly outperformed r-FePO 4 . Additionally, the process proposed in this study yields significant economic benefits, estimating a profit of 719.6 $/t of recycled LES. This research proposes a cost-effective and efficient method for regenerating high-quality battery-grade FePO 4 from LES, offering a significant contribution to the closed-loop recycling of waste LiFePO 4 batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
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2019
·
IF 4.384
Wenying Guo,Sihai Zhang,Nengwu Zhu,Deliang Luo,Pingxiao Wu
In this study, a strategy was developed to directly recover high-purity Ag and other metals (especially Cu) from WECs to reduce the leaching of precious metals and promote the leaching of Cu and other metals. The results of SEM, EDS, XRD and ICP-OES clearly suggested that Ag and Cu were effectively released from WECs below 0.15 mm size, which contributed to the regulation of metals crystal types. The zero-valent copper from WECs was changed by roasting to form CuO and Cu 2 O, and the suitable samples of roasting at 400 °C for 3 h were confirmed experimentally. After the leaching processing under H 2 SO 4 (1 M) and H 2 O 2 (30%), the roasted particles were directly obtained, including Ag with 99.53 wt.% purity and more than 99.99% recovered, and Cu, Sn, Ni and Zn extracted by 99.67%, 90.71%, 73.05% and 99.32%, respectively. However, the unroasted particles would generate lower grade of Ag because other metals (e.g. Cu, Sn, Ni and Zn) were difficult to be leached from WECs. The leaching solution primarily included Cu ions (98.3%) and a little of the nickel (0.83%) and tin (0.86%) ions, which could recover copper by evaporation crystallization to form CuSO 4 (99.48 wt. %). The reaction mechanism of the process could be concluded that the copper state was transformed by mechanical separation and roasting to promote the leaching of various metals from Ag.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境工程
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DOI
高影响因子
CANADIAN METALLURGICAL QUARTERLY
·
2024
·
IF 1.3
Xiaohua Peng,Xin Jin,Yong Zhen,Bo Yang,Chang Wei,Xingbin Li,Zhigan Deng,Minting Li
Here, a hydrometallurgical process was proposed to separate nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe) from ferronickel. The effects of different factors, namely hydrothermal temperature, initial Fe2+ concentration, and Ni2+ concentration, on the hematite precipitation process, were detail investigated. Ferronickel powders were leached using a 120 g/L H2SO4 solution at 85 °C for 8 h. The final pH of the leaching solution was controlled at 3.0−4.5, and the Fe2+ concentration was maintained at 50−60 g/L. Copper from the ferronickel powder was first leached in the early stage of the leaching process, and then it was reduced by an excess of ferronickel powder, leading to its enrichment in the leaching residue. Approximately 50 g/L of Fe ions was successfully removed and precipitated as hematite containing 60% Fe, 0.3% Ni, and 1.5% S during hydrothermal precipitation at 200 °C for 3 h. Through evaporation crystallization at 90 °C for 8 h, large particles of nickel sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO4·6H2O) containing 19.4% Ni, 0.074% Fe, and 10.69% S were obtained. Moreover, through freezing crystallization at −8 °C for 1 h, smaller particles of NiSO4·6H2O product containing 20.3% Ni, 0.014% Fe, and 11.13% S were synthesised.
研究领域:
冶金学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOM
·
2016
·Vol. 69
·期 10
·1950-1957
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IF 1.798
Shi Qihua,Zhang Yimin,Liu Tao,Huang Jing,Liu Hong
To improve separation of V(IV) and Al(III) from aluminum-rich sulfuric acid leaching solution of stone coal, the two-stage separation by crystallization and solvent extraction methods have been developed. A co-extraction coefficient ( k ) was put forward to evaluate comprehensively co-extraction extent in different solutions. In the crystallization stage, 68.2% of aluminum can be removed from the solution. In the solvent extraction stage, vanadium was selectively extracted using di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid/tri-n-butyl phosphate from the crystalline mother solution, followed by H 2 SO 4 stripped efficiently. A V 2 O 5 product with purity of 98.39% and only 0.10% Al was obtained after oxidation, precipitation, and calcination. Compared with vanadium extraction from solution without crystallization, the counter-current extraction stage of vanadium can be decreased from 6 to 3 and co-extraction coefficient ( k ) decreased from 2.51 to 0.58 with two-stage separation. It is suggested that the aluminum removal by crystallization can evidently weaken the influence of aluminum co-extraction on vanadium extraction and improve the selectivity of solvent extraction for vanadium.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Separations
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2023
·Vol. 10
·期 4
·251
·
IF 2.6
Lei Zhou,Yongqing Zhang,Lijin Zhang,Xuefeng Wu,Ran Jiang,Lu Wang
A significant amount of iron from the waste nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery sulfuric acid leachate seriously hinders the separation and recovery of nickel and cadmium. Therefore, an efficient and economical way to remove iron from this leachate is desired. This paper demonstrated the efficient iron extraction from a simulated Ni-Cd battery sulfuric acid leachate with saponified Di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA). The iron-loaded D2EHPA was then stripped with oxalic acid and the iron was recovered in the form of iron oxalate. This process realizes the efficient separation and high-value recovery of iron. The results showed that the saponification of the D2EHPA greatly promoted the extraction of iron from the Ni-Cd battery sulfuric acid leachate. Under suitable conditions, the iron’s single-stage extraction rate was more than 95%, and the iron’s single-stage stripping rate was more than 85%. Moreover, the iron’s extraction rate was more than 99% after two theoretical extraction stages, and the stripping rate was 95.6% after two theoretical stripping stages. The slope analysis determines that five molecules of D2EHPA were combined with one molecule of Fe3+in the extraction process. The FT-IR analysis shows that the extraction mechanism of Fe3+using the saponified D2EHPA is a cation exchange. These results can help guide the industrial separation and recovery of iron from the waste Ni-Cd battery sulfuric acid leachate.
研究领域:
环境科学
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冶金工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2019
·
IF 8.355
Zesen Zhao,Li Cui,Yanxia Guo,Huiquan Li,Fangqin Cheng
For the ever-growing demand of gallium (Ga) resources in electronic applications, the recovery of Ga from the mining residues or waste has received considerable interest. The present paper is focused on the selective recovery of Ga from the sulfuric acid leach liquor of coal fly ash (CFA) by stepwise separation using acidic extractant. The results show that Ga(III) can be effectively separated by controlling the equilibrium pH values and meanwhile employing appropriate extractant based on the different ionic potential and electronic configuration of metal ions. At equilibrium pH ≤ 0.8, the impurities Ti(IV) and Fe(III) in the liquor can be preferably removed by a two-stage cross current extraction with 1 mol/L P507. Then Ga(III) can be selectively separated against Al(III) using 0.5 mol/L Cyanex 272 at equilibrium pH of 2.4–2.6. The separation factors of Fe/Ga, Fe/Al and Ga/Al can reach 145, 133 and 40, respectively. The extraction mechanism of Ga(III) as well as the Ga(III) complexes with Cyanex 272 were investigated using slope analysis and spectroscopic methods including FT-IR, NMR and ESI-MS, indicating that the extraction of Ga(III) with Cyanex 272 follows an ion exchange mechanism. The Ga(III) complexes with Cyanex 272 (H 2 L 2 ) contains three coordination compounds, GaL 3 , Ga(HL)L 3 and Ga(HL) 3 L 3 . Both the P-O and P = O groups of Cyanex 272 play the roles in the coordination reaction of Ga(III). The study provides a feasible way for the selective recovery of Ga from coal fly ash.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境工程
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 8.6
Limin Zhang,Yunyan Wang,Yong Ke,Zhumei Sun,Yun Li,Cong Peng,Mingfei Zhu,Yongjian Luo,Xiaobo Min
Zinc ferrite is a dominant phase in mass solid wastes generated from zinc or iron production, which causes the obstacle of metal recovery and recycling. A facile and efficient sulfuric acid leaching process of zinc ferrite assisted by copper powder was proposed in this study. The effects of factors on the leaching of zinc ferrite and copper were investigated. The results showed that zinc ferrite and copper were coupled and leached. The complete dissolution of zinc ferrite was obtained with wide ranges of leaching conditions. The shortest time for the complete dissolution of zinc ferrite was 10 min at 80 ℃ under the conditions: copper to zinc ferrite molar ratio of 1.5, sulfuric acid concentration of 100 g/L, liquid to solid ratio of 30 mL/g, and copper powder of + 38.5–20 μm. The least consumption of copper to realize the complete dissolution of zinc ferrite was 27.15%. The leaching kinetics was studied by the shrinking core model. It was found that zinc ferrite leaching assisted by copper was controlled by surface chemical reaction. The apparent activation energies for zinc, iron, and copper are 56 kJ/mol, 56 kJ/mol, and 50 kJ/mol, respectively. Characterization of the leaching residues and determination of iron and copper species in the leaching solution showed galvanic corrosion took place between zinc ferrite and copper, enhancing their acid dissolution.
研究领域:
冶金学
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化学工程
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2025
·
IF 10
Weilun Qian,Zhengzheng Liu,Anyang Tang,Junfeng Kong,Lining Yu,Wenyu Feng,Huibin Zhang,Huazhen Cao,Guoqu Zheng
The engineered transformation of low-gold-grade pyrite into hyper-enriched gold concentrates has critical significance in environmental protection and economic sustainability. Nevertheless, the artificial hyper-enrichment of gold has been challenging to achieve due to the stringent conditions required for mineralization. Herein, this work proposed a conversion of pyrite to ferrous sulfide (FeS) for realizing hyper-enrichment gold concentrates and rapid acid leaching, as well as increasing the added value of Fe and S resources simultaneously. The transition state of Fe 1-x S during FeS formation provides diffusion channel for Au atom transfer and gather. Afterwards, FeS phase is able to dissolve fastly in 30 min, inhibiting the formation of S 8 secondary inclusions around gold effectively. Using this method, the gold grade can increase up to 70.70 g/t and the residue yield of the concentrates is reduced to 3.4%. Additionally, high-value Fe- and S- containing products are yielded as green vitriol and sulfur, respectively. Besides, gram-scale concentrates produced by kilogram-scale FeS are evaluated for industrial application, emphasizing process stability and economic sustainability.
研究领域:
矿物工程
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环境科学
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冶金学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Xinchao Li,Ziyuan Zhou,Kuo Zhao,Jiahui Liu,Zhiqi Liu
Due to the development of new energy vehicle industry, global lithium consumption increases rapidly. Extracting lithium from abundant clay-type lithium ore is an effective strategy to secure a cost-effective lithium supply chain. However, lithium extraction from clay-type lithium ore currently faces with the problems of high solid residue yield and low extraction selectivity for lithium. In addition, the compounds of silicon and alumina in ore processing high economic value are usually ignored. Here, we developed a sustainable process for the comprehensive recovery of Li, Si and Al from clay-type lithium ore by combining NaOH-assisted roasting with sulfuric acid leaching. Firstly, the leaching behavior of lithium under different roasting conditions and acid leaching conditions was systematically investigated. Under the optimal acid leaching condition, the lithium leaching rate reached 96.8%, while the solid residue yield was only 8% based on the raw ore. Taking advantage of the gelling property of Si/Al-containing leaching solution, a lithium-containing solid was obtained by drying and roasting of the gel product. The selective extraction of lithium was easily achieved by washing the solid with water, and the high-value utilization of solid residues in the whole process to prepare nanowires mullite, alumina and corundum was realized. The mechanisms of multi-element recovery elucidated that the formation of nepheline phase during NaOH-assisted roasting promotes the efficient leaching of lithium and reduces the solid residue by acid leaching. After roasting of gel product, Si and Al combined to form mullite, while lithium remained in a free state, allowing further selective lithium elution by water and simultaneous recovery of Si and Al. This work provides fresh perspectives on the sustainable and comprehensive utilization of clay-type lithium ore.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
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环境科学
·
材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2019
·
IF 3.465
Jishen Li,Xiyun Yang,Yuyao Fu,Haiqiang Huang,Zhijie Zhong,Yuanyuan Wang
A comprehensive utilization process of Fe, Mn, Ni and Co in the acid leaching liquor of spent lithium ion batteries was put forward. Fe and part of Mn were extracted to synthesize Fe-doped lithium ion-sieve. Ni, Co and the rest of Mn were coprecipitated to prepare ternary lithium ion battery cathode material precursor Ni x Co y Mn 1-x-y (OH) 2 . After removing Cu 2+ ions in acid leaching liquor by adding MnS, two-stage counter current extraction and one-stage stripping were used to extract all Fe 3+ and 40.3% of Mn 2+ ions in sulfuric acid leaching solution to obtain a MnSO 4 stripping solution containing Fe 3+ ions. Iron-doped lithium ion-sieve was synthesized by oxidation of the resulting MnSO 4 solution with KMnO 4 followed by roasting and acid leaching. Fe incorporates into the lattice of lithium ion-sieve and improves the structure stability. Fe-doped lithium ion-sieve shows Li adsorption capacity of 35.29 mg.g −1 and Mn dissolution loss of 1.66%. The Li + adsorption in salt lake brine with the Fe-doped ion-sieve follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model . Ni x Co y Mn 1-x-y (OH) 2 is regular spherical particles with β-Ni(OH) 2 -like structure. This process provides a simple method for recovery and utilization of Mn, Fe, Ni and Co in spent lithium ion batteries .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
资源回收利用
·
电化学
·
环境工程
·
能源存储
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
WASTE MANAGEMENT
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2025
·
IF 7.1
Ke Xu,Shengde Dong,Chunxi Hai,Luxiang Ma,Yanxia Sun,Qi Xu,Xin He,Yuan Zhou
The recycling of cathode materials in waste lithium-ion batteries is of great significance to resource utilization and environmental protection. However, few studies have addressed the challenges posed by high-aluminum LiFePO 4 black powder (HALFP-BP) resulting from inadequate pre-treatment. This study proposes a low-temperature short-time sulfuric acid leaching method based on thermodynamic analysis of E-pH diagrams. Under optimized conditions, the leaching efficiencies of Li and Fe reached 99 %, while 86 % of Al was selectively removed. Furthermore, the guiding role of E-pH diagram in the recovery process and the chemical reactions and Gibbs free energy analysis during the acid leaching process were analyzed. It revealed that the dissolution kinetics inhibition of the dense Al 2 O 3 film on the surface of aluminum impurities in the sulfuric acid system was the key to achieving selective separation. This method provides an energy-saving and efficient solution for the resource utilization of the HALFP-BP.
研究领域:
冶金学
·
环境科学
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化学工程
·
材料科学
·
回收技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）