JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2023
·Vol. 141
·期 2
·e54786
·
IF 3
Hao Zhang,Shengtai Zhou,Mei Liang,Huawei Zou
In this work, transient thermal response and ablation behavior of liquid silicone rubber composites containing fluxing/ceramic forming fillers were investigated under different heat flows using an oxyacetylene flame. The results indicated that the introduction of zinc borate (ZB) and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) effectively reduced the temperature at various depths of the samples, and they improved the thermal insulation properties and lowered pyrolysis rates. The above finding was attributed to the heat absorption arising from water release and melt filling as well as the vitrified reaction of solid melt due to the decomposition of ZB. Besides, the melting and exfoliation of Al 2 O 3 and the formation of aluminum silicate (Al 2 SiO 5 ) caused heat absorption effect. Additionally, the mass ablation rates and line ablation rates increased with rising heat flows coupling with a decrease of compressive strength of the char layers. In a nutshell, the effect of adding ZB/Al 2 O 3 on the thermal insulation behavior of epoxy-modified vinyl silicone rubber (EMVSR) composites under different heat flows was elucidtaed. This work served as a reference for the design and preparation of flexible ablative materials for thermal protection applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
热防护技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials Today Chemistry
·
2024
·
IF 6.7
Lihong Liu,Yan Zhang,Tengteng Wang,Changchang Ma,Zhengping Fang,Deyi Wang
Chloroprene rubber (CR) is one of the widely used materials due to its excellent performance. However, it will evolve large amounts of smoke and toxic gas during its combustion, which may cause smoke inhalation even human deaths in the populated enclosed spaces like rail transit, etc. Aiming to improving the fire safety of CR, the effects of zinc borate (ZnB) and antimony trioxide (Sb 2 O 3 ) alone and their combination on the flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and toxicity inhibition of CR are investigated. The performances of CR/ZnB, CR/Sb 2 O 3 and CR/ZnB/Sb 2 O 3 were analyzed by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL94 rating and cone data. The results showed that the combination of ZnB and Sb 2 O 3 can integrate their advantages to exhibit the higher LOI and flame retardancy index (FRI) values as well as toxicity inhibition ability, indicating their good fire retardancy feature. The corresponding mechanism including the flame retardant mechanism and Lewis acid function was discussed in detail.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
消防安全
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2023
·Vol. 15
·期 13
·2927
·
IF 5
Furu Kang,Jiayao Tu,Heng Zhao,Zujin Bai,Tiantian Zhang
The flame-retardant micro-encapsulated sepiolite (MSEP) was successfully prepared by sol-gel method. Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy were utilized to prove that sepiolite was encapsulated. Then, the mechanical properties, flame retardance, smoke suppression, and pyrolysis characteristics of silicone rubber foam (SiFs) with MSEP and zinc borate (ZB) were analyzed. The results indicated that the tensile and compressive properties of SiFs could evidently improve with the incorporation of MSEP/ZB. SiFs with 3 wt% MSEP and 6 wt% ZB could achieve an limiting oxygen index value of 30.9 vol% and UL-94 V-0 rating, the time to ignition was 64.7% above that of pure SiFs, the peak heat release rate and total heat release were 42.7% and 25.0% lower than that of pure SiFs, respectively. Furthermore, the peak smoke production rate and total smoke production of SiFs with 3 wt% MSEP and 6 wt% ZB were merely 54.22% and 64.10% of pure SiFs. Especially, the thermal stability of SiFs was significantly enhanced, and the carbon residue of SiFs became denser and more complete after adding 3 wt% MSEP and 6 wt% ZB.Keywords:silicone rubber foam;flame retardancy;smoke suppression;microencapsulated sepiolite;zinc borate
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2020
·
IF 4.032
Quan Wu,Jia Guo,Bin Fei,Xinjian Li,Jun Sun,Xiaoyu Gu,Hongfei Li,Sheng Zhang
A novel polyhydroxy triazine-based charring agent, N-tris(hydroxymethyl)-amino triazine-piperazine copolymer (TTPC), was synthesized from piperazine, cyanuric chloride and tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane. The chemical structure of TTPC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 13 C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. TTPC, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and zinc borate (ZB) were then introduced into polypropylene (PP) by melt compounding to improve the fire performance of the composites. The test results showed that the presence of 21% APP-TTPC-ZB with mass ratio of 16:4:1 could significantly reduce the peak heat release rate from 1547 to 230 kW/m 2 , increase the limiting oxygen index value from 18.0 to 29.6% and upgrade the UL-94 rating from no rating to V-0, accompanied by the elimination of melt dripping. The thermal stability and charring behaviors of the composite samples were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis . The results showed that TTPC was a highly efficient charring agent, and ZB could act as synergist in the intumescent system. Based on the comprehensive study of fire performance, char morphology and mechanical properties, it can be concluded that TTPC is a superior charring agent, especially compared with the generally used pentaerythritol.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2015
·
IF 2.999
Xin Ouyang,Songping Wu,Zhuolin Wang,Yunhao Liu
2ZnO⋅3B 2 O 3 -doped ZnAl 2 O 4 ceramics were synthesized via solid-state method. Influence of different 2ZnO⋅3B 2 O 3 additions on the microstructure, sintering behavior and microwave dielectric properties has been investigated. The results showed that zinc borate could effectively improve the densification and expand the sintering temperature range. Microwave dielectric properties of 2ZnO⋅3B 2 O 3 -doped ZnAl 2 O 4 ceramics were exhibited as follow: ε r = 8.32, Q × f = 93,600 GHz (at 14.0 GHz) and τ f = −68.5 ppm/°C. Spinel-structured zinc borate-doped ZnAl 2 O 4 ceramics possessed comparatively low sintering temperatures, wide temperature regions (about 100 °C), simultaneously, high Q × f and stable τ f values. These outstanding performance make them promising candidate materials for millimeter-wave devices at high frequency.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
无机化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 9
Yongjing Liu,Dongting Huang,Lirong Chen,Huixin You,Hua Li,Wei Xu
In this study, a novel boronic acid-decorated Zinc-based metal–organic framework (Zn-PTA-BDBA MOF) was fabricated using Zinc nitrate as a metal unit as well as p-phthalic acid (PTA) and benzene diboronic acid (BDBA) as dual organic ligands. Herein, a dispersive solid-phase extraction (D-μSPE) method based on Zn-PTA-BDBA as adsorbent and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as eluent was successfully proposed for highly efficient purification and enrichment of scutellarin. The morphology, structure, and thermal stability of Zn-PTA-BDBA MOF were systematically characterized. The effects of synthesis conditions, D-μSPE conditions, adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, reproducibility, and reusability were evaluated in detail. Under the optimum condition, the Zn-PTA-BDBA MOF demonstrates outstanding adsorption performance for scutellarin with an adsorption capacity of 570.19 ± 14.44 mg/g. Furthermore, PEG 200/lactic acid (4:1) was ultimately selected as the optimal DES elution solvent with the desorption rate of scutellarin up to 94.77 ± 2.06 %. More importantly, the application of DES that is ecological, decomposable, and non-lethal makes the D-μSPE process more secure, aligning with green chemical principles. Finally, the established D-μSPE method was successfully applied to the purification and preparation of scutellarin in the traditional Chinese medicine Erigerontis Herba. As well as we employed the D-μSPE method combined with HPLC to establish a rapid, simple, efficient, and green method for the purification and determination of scutellarin in urine samples.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
中药学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2023
·Vol. 140
·期 43
·e54575
·
IF 3
Ping Li,Lijuan Li,Lianmin Ji,Li Dang,Shengjie Lan,Donghai Zhu
To improve the flame retardancy and smoke suppression effect of epoxy resin (EP), a new organic–inorganic hybrid (MH@ZB-ODOPB) was fabricated. First, hierarchical-structured particles (MH@ZB) were prepared by gradually depositing zinc borate (ZB) on the surface of magnesium hydroxide (MH) via a heterogeneous deposition process. Second, MH@ZB was modified with 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-10-hydro-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenanthrene-10-oxide (ODOPB) to obtain MH@ZB-ODOPB. Finally, the chemical structure and form of MH@ZB-ODOPB were analyzed via X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The characterization results show that ZB was loaded onto the surface of MH, and ODOPB was grafted on the surface of MH@ZB. The cone calorimetry test results show that when 7.5 wt% MH@ZB-ODOPB was added into EP, the peak heat release rates, total heat release, total smoke production, and peak smoke production rates decreased by 51.8%, 42.4%, 58.1%, and 66.1%, respectively. Moreover, EP/MH@ZB-ODOPB exhibited a limiting oxygen index of 33%. These results show that the incorporation of MH@ZB-ODOPB into EP composites considerably improved the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of EP composites. The double action of MH@ZB-ODOPB in condensed and gas phases was investigated by analyzing the carbon residue and pyrolysis gas. Furthermore, the implementation of ODOPB improves the mechanical properties of EP composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED MATERIALS
·
2025
·Vol. 37
·期 32
·2502649
·
IF 26.8
Matthew J. Robson,Shengjun Xu,Zilong Wang,Qing Chen,Francesco Ciucci
Aqueous deep eutectic electrolytes (DEEs) offer great potential for low-cost zinc-ion batteries but often have limited performance. Discovering new electrolytes is therefore crucial, yet time-consuming and resource-intensive. In response, this work presents a Large Language Model (LLM)-based multi-agent network that proposes DEE compositions for zinc-ion batteries. By analyzing academic papers from the DEE field, the network identifies innovative, inexpensive, and sustainable Lewis bases to pair with Zn(BF 4 ) 2 ·xH 2 O. A Zn(BF 4 ) 2 ·xH 2 O-ethylene carbonate (EC) system demonstrates high conductivity (10.6 mS cm −1 ) and a wide electrochemical stability window (2.37 V). The optimized electrolyte enables stable zinc stripping/plating, achieves outstanding rate performance (81 mAh g −1 at 5 A g −1 ), and supports 4000 cycles in Zn||polyaniline cells at 3 A g −1 . Spectroscopic analyses and simulations reveal that EC coordinates to Zn 2+ , mitigating water-induced corrosion, while a fluorine-rich hybrid organic/inorganic solid electrolyte interphase enhances stability. This work showcases a pioneering LLM-driven approach to electrolyte development, establishing a new paradigm in materials research.
研究领域:
电化学
·
材料科学
·
能源存储
·
计算材料学
·
可持续化学
·
电池技术
·
人工智能辅助研发
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2022
·
IF 5.518
Ya Xu,Ru Zhou,Jingjing Mu,Yanming Ding,Juncheng Jiang
Aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) was surface modified with the silane coupling agent KH-560, and mixed intumescent flame retardants (IFRs) were prepared with neopentyl glycol (NPG) and melamine (MEL). Then mixed IFRs and zinc borate (ZB) were compounded and added into linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) material. The morphology, composition , and structure of LLDPE/IFRs/ZB composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The maximum limiting oxygen index of LLDPE/IFRs/ZB composites is 28.7%, and the combustion grade is V 0. The thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the thermal degradation rate of LLDPE/IFRs/ZB composites decreased, and the carbon residue reached 15.3 wt% at 700 ℃. The cone calorimeter test showed that peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release rate (THR), peak smoke release rate (PSPR), and total flue gas output (TSP) of LLDPE/IFRs/ZB composites decreased by 52.5%, 24.7%, 30%, and 15.5%, respectively, compared with pure LLDPE, significantly improving the flame retardant and smoke suppression performances of LLDPE. The residual carbon analysis shows that the C C and P O C bonds in the modified mixed IFR strengthen the carbon layer structure and form a denser intumescent carbon layer, effectively hindering flame propagation. The experimental results show that the new intumescent flame retardant is a remarkable breakthrough in both flame retardancy and smoke suppression compared with ordinary intumescent flame retardants, and is more suitable for flame retardant polymer materials than traditional intumescent flame retardants.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子科学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 2.7
Minghao Li,Yu Bai,Enquan Hao,Hongjie Li,Chunhui Chen,Wenqing Hai,Ziyang Jiang,Qian Meng,Huiqi Shao,Guangwei Shao,Siyi Bi,Jinhua Jiang,Nanliang Chen
The widespread industrial applications of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) are partially limited by its flammability. The design of high-performance intumescent flame retardants (IFR) is of great significance for enhancing flame retardant (FR) performance of TPU. In this work, an IFR system consisting of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), double pentaerythritol (DPER), and zinc borate (ZB) is proposed. The optimized experimental parameters with 15 wt.% additive amount of FR, APP-DPER weight ratio of 2.28:1 and 15.56 wt.% ZB content are regulated based on Box–Behnken design-response surface methodology (BBD-RSM) to obtain TPU/FR composite with superior limiting oxygen index value of 30.2%. Noticeably, the design efficiency of TPU/FR composite is significantly improved by utilizing BBD-RSM. Results of vertical burning test show that the optimized TPU/FR composite passes UL 94 V-0 rating and peak heat release rate is dramatically reduced from 1355.88 (neat TPU) to 201.01 KW/m 2 through cone calorimeter test. In addition, scanning electron microscopy accompanied with Raman spectroscopy are conducted to characterize the morphology and composition of residual char for further exploring the FR mechanism of IFR system in TPU. The as-prepared TPU/FR composite has provided new potential application in engineering fields.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子科学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Tao Lin,Ke Shang,Gui-De Lin,Jun-Sheng Wang,Jin-Jun Yang
The development of silicone rubber foam with high mechanical flexibility, thermal insulation, and low cost is of great significance to realize long-term thermal insulation and fireproof but challenging. A strategy that employs intumescent flame retardants to suppress substrate char shrinkage and achieve volume-stable ceramic in silicone rubber foam is proposed. The composites not only maintain mechanical flexibility and excellent fatigue resistance but also exhibit outstanding thermal stability and flame retardancy. Moreover, the foam material can form a volume-stable, dense and hard ceramic residue at high temperatures, thereby exhibiting exceptional thermal insulation upon exposure to ≈1300 °C oxidative environments. The material possessed durable fire resistance, low smoke and toxicity, effectively inhibiting the spread of flames during fires and making it one of the most reliable fireproof plugging foam materials for building applications so far. Besides, the material exhibited an impressive disordered scale-like structure after the calcination test at 800 °C, providing insights into the optimal temperature for ceramicization.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
消防安全
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2026
·
IF 5.5
Yanbei Hou,Yixin Hu,Shuming Liu,Xu Chang,Weizhao Hu,Bin Fei
Ceramic-filled silicone rubber (SR) enhances its fire resistance through the incorporation of ceramic fillers and additives, while retaining the excellent properties characteristic of traditional SR formulations. However, conventional ceramic fillers alone are inadequate for achieving effective flame retardancy and low-temperature ceramization. In this study, platinum was uniformly deposited onto calcined kaolin via an ionic liquid-assisted reduction method to prepare platinum-modified kaolin (G-Pt), which was then incorporated into SR composites. The composites exhibited significantly improved fire safety performance, with the limiting oxygen index (LOI) increasing from 30% (SR/G45) to 34% (SR/G-Pt2), and the UL-94 rating elevated from nonrated to V-0. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) decreased from 202.6 kW/m2 (SR/G45) to 184.8 kW/m2 (SR/G-Pt1), and total smoke release was also notably reduced. After calcination at 800 °C, the flexural strength of SR/G-Pt composites reached ∼ 5 MPa, indicating effective ceramization. These results demonstrate that platinum-modified kaolin significantly improves both flame retardancy and structural stability at elevated temperatures, making it a promising additive for the development of advanced SR-based composites for high-temperature and fire-critical applications.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）