Zhiyan Ma,Xinhua Zhu,Yingru Huang,Yufeng He,Pengfei Song,Rongmin Wang
In order to prevent the spread of the epidemics caused by pathogenic microorganisms, it is very important to explore antimicrobial materials. In this paper, a novel antimicrobial polymer materials with dual active centers, iodine-povidone- co -thiazole nanoporous membrane (IPoTaNm), was successfully synthesized by one-pot emulsion polymerization followed by iodine complexation. The micromorphology and composition were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and contact angle test. Then, its antimicrobial performance was measured by using Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as test strains. It indicated that IPoTaNm exhibits excellent antibacterial activity, which the inhibition rate got to 99.9 % after 48 h. It also presented sustaining bactericidal activity, which the antimicrobial activity maintained 99.9 % even after >7 days. The synergistic antimicrobial mechanism of thiazole units (AcT) and iodine in IPoTaNm was discussed, and some facters for their inhibitory effects in the water column were investigated. In summary, the obtained IPoTaNm with dual active centers was an excellent candidate for minimizing bacteria-infection in different functional materials, which has potential applications in wastewater treatment to reduce bacterial infections.
The issue of fouling in the membrane separation processes still remains a huge challenge, due to a series of water pollutions, particularly in biological contamination. In this study, the hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (HMCS) were obtained by the template method, to serve as a slow-release carrier loaded with the broad-spectrum fungicide povidone-iodine (PVP-I). The unique structural properties of the HMCS addressed the issues related to the instability of iodine formulations, rapid iodine loss, and susceptibility to pollutant coverage. Subsequently, a separation membrane was developed by mixing aminated carbon nanotubes (CNT-NH 2 ) and HMCS loaded with PVP-I on the polyether sulfone (PES) substrate. The surface resistance of the composite membrane was reduced from 4.46 MΩ/sq to 12.36 kΩ/sq. The resulting composite conductive membrane exhibited a pure water flux exceeding 300 L·m −2 ·h −1 ·bar −1 and a dye removal efficiency of over 98 %. Additionally, the composite membrane presented antimicrobial properties, with the release of the effective iodine from PVP-I triggered by the conductive network under the applied electric field (ca. 1.99 times more than the self-release). The integration of the antimicrobial slow-release materials facilitated by the electric field presents a promising strategy for mitigating membrane fouling and reducing antimicrobial loss in membrane technology.
Bacteria-associated late infection of the orthopedic devices would further lead to the failure of the implantation. However, present ordinary antimicrobial strategies usually deal with early infection but fail to combat the late infection of the implants due to the burst release of the antibiotics. Thus, to fabricate long-term antimicrobial (early antibacterial, late antibacterial) orthopedic implants is essential to address this issue. Herein, we developed a sophisticated MAO-I2-PCLx coating system incorporating an underlying iodine layer and an upper layer of polycaprolactone (PCL)-controlled coating, which could effectively eradicate the late bacterial infection throughout the implantation. Firstly, micro-arc oxidation was used to form a microarray tubular structure on the surface of the implants, laying the foundation for iodine loading and PCL bonding. Secondly, electrophoresis was applied to load iodine in the tubular structure as an efficient bactericidal agent. Finally, the surface-bonded PCL coating acts as a controller to regulate the release of iodine. The hybrid coatings displayed great stability and control release capacity. Excellent antibacterial ability was validated at 30 days post-implantation via in vitro experiments and in vivo rat osteomyelitis model. Expectedly, it can become a promising bench-to-bedside strategy for current infection challenges in the orthopedic field.Keywords:antibacterial coating;micro-arc oxidation;orthopedic implants;polycaprolactone;povidone-iodine
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