JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2025
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IF 6.3
Fei Gao,Bo Liao,Wenmiao Li,Rui Yu
Molten salt electrorefining offers a promising approach for green and efficient recycling of waste cemented carbides. However, the conventional halide-based electrolytes suffer from volatile tungsten halide losses and only recover metallic tungsten, necessitating energy-intensive carburization to recover tungsten carbide (WC). Herein, we propose a novel electrolytic refining and recovery method based on an oxygen-containing CaCl 2 -CaO molten salt electrolyte. The introduction of CaO suppresses the formation of volatile tungsten halides, enabling simultaneous dissolution of carbon (C) and tungsten (W) in the WC-Co anode to non-volatile CaCO 3 and CaWO 4 , respectively. Retention of Co in the anode slime is achieved through controlling anodic potential, realizing component separation. The dissolved CaCO 3 and CaWO 4 are reduced at the cathode, resulting in the generation of WC powder. This work accomplishes the direct recycling of WC from spent cemented carbides without intermediate stages. The composite products of WC and carbon are deposited on the cathodes, of which morphologies are comprised of granular aggregates and flakes. The presence of carbon suppresses the formation of W 2 C and W. However, the residual carbon does not affect hard alloy reprocessing since the W/C ratio can be adjusted via controlled W addition during subsequent alloying. This paper proposes a novel short-process green recycling technology for strategic tungsten resources.
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金学
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电化学
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回收技术
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可持续加工
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
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2022
·Vol. 19
·期 4
·1916-1928
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IF 2.328
Xiao-Chun Deng,Kai-Fei Wang,Guo-Hua Zhang
Combining spray drying and in situ synthesized technology, WC–10Co cemented carbide with uniform composition was prepared by vacuum sintering. The effects of Al 2 O 3 and additions of different rare-earth oxides (La 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 and CeO 2 ) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WC–10Co were investigated. As the Al 2 O 3 content increased from .5 to 2 wt%, the hardness of the sintered sample increased, whereas the relative density and fracture toughness decreased. Compared with the addition of .5 wt% Al 2 O 3 , the WC–10Co alloy with .5 wt% rare-earth oxides had higher hardness. In addition, compared with the alloy without an inhibitor (.80 μm), after adding .5 wt% Al 2 O 3 , La 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 and CeO 2 , the WC grain sizes were reduced to .73, .65, .71 and .62 μm, respectively, which indicated that the addition of Al 2 O 3 and rare-earth oxides could refine WC grain during sintering. Among these additives, CeO 2 had the best effect. With the addition of .5 wt% CeO 2 , the hardness and the fracture toughness increased from 1299 to 1710 HV 30 and from 16.18 to 18.90 MPa m 1/2 , respectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
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机械工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2017
·Vol. 7
·期 71
·44896-44903
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IF 3.108
Guochen Zhao,Jinshang Li,Yuanfeng Huang,Liming Yang,Ying Ye,Frank C. Walsh,Jie Chen,Shuncai Wang
Superhydrophobic, water repellent surfaces have attracted much attention but poor surface mechanical properties have limited their wider practical application. Robust surfaces based on nickel–tungsten carbide composite coatings have been electrodeposited. The surfaces showed superhydrophobicity after being modified by stearic acid. The maximum contact angle of water was 164.3 degrees with a sliding angle close to zero. By controlling the deposition conditions, versatile coatings have been produced and the effects of morphology on wettability are discussed. Coating texture has been analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The surfaces showed excellent abrasion resistance and water-repellence.
研究领域:
材料科学
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表面工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Research and Technology-JMR&T
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2020
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IF 5.289
Zepeng Lv,Yijie Wu,Jie Dang,Dong Liu,Liwen Hu,Kaiping Du,Haibo Sun
The effect of yttrium on the reaction of tungsten oxide with CO was studied for the preparing various morphologies and size of tungsten carbide. The reaction rate, phase composition, particles size and morphology, surface area of samples were studied by TG (thermogravimetry), XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller), respectively. It was found that the reaction route was following WO 3 → W 18 O 49 → WO 2 → WC at lower temperature, while at higher temperature, an intermediate phase W was formed and then carbonized to WC. During the reaction of pure WO 3 or mixtures (1 wt.% Y(NO 3 ) 3 + WO 3 ) with CO at lower temperature, the final products almost maintained the large irregular block shape. With the increase of temperature, the large WC particles were degraded and the obtained sub-particles became much more dispersed. After the addition of yttrium nitrate, the rod-like sub-particles were transformed into more stable polyhedral-shaped sub-particles with a smaller size. Furthermore, the mechanism of effect of yttrium on prepared tungsten carbides were analyzed in detail.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials
·
2021
·Vol. 14
·期 24
·7655
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IF 3.623
Huaijiu Deng,Mattia Biesuz,Monika Vilémová,Milad Kermani,Jakub Veverka,Václav Tyrpekl,Chunfeng Hu,Salvatore Grasso
We report on an ultrarapid (6 s) consolidation of binder-less WC using a novel Ultrahigh temperature Flash Sintering (UFS) approach. The UFS technique bridges the gap between electric resistance sintering (≪1 s) and flash spark plasma sintering (20–60 s). Compared to the well-established spark plasma sintering, the proposed approach results in improved energy efficiency with massive energy and time savings while maintaining a comparable relative density (94.6%) and Vickers hardness of 2124 HV. The novelty of this work relies on (i) multiple steps current discharge profile to suit the rapid change of electrical conductivity experienced by the sintering powder, (ii) upgraded low thermal inertia CFC dies and (iii) ultra-high consolidation temperature approaching 2750 °C. Compared to SPS process, the UFS process is highly energy efficient (≈200 times faster and it consumes ≈95% less energy) and it holds the promise of energy efficient and ultrafast consolidation of several conductive refractory compounds.Keywords:tungsten carbide;ultrarapid consolidation;ultrahigh temperature flash sintering
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
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2022
·
IF 6.044
Dezhi Wang,Dongyang He,Kai Li,Zhuangzhi Wu
The strength enhancement is critical for the application exploration of Mo-based materials. In this work, a secondary phase of WC is introduced into the Mo matrix, and the corresponding phase, microstructure and mechanical properties have been studied. It is found that the addition of WC particles can significantly improve the mechanical properties, leading to a high ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 591.5 MPa and a hardness of 242.7 HV over the sintered Mo–12%WC composite, which are about 21.2% and 49.5% higher than those of pure Mo, respectively. During the sintering, the additive WC particles react with the Mo matrix to in-situ generate W and Mo 2 C, and the former is dissolved into the Mo matrix to exhibit solid solution strengthening. Besides, the latter hinders the migration of grain boundaries (GBs) to limit the grain growth of Mo, resulting in smaller grain size. More importantly, the Mo 2 C ( 1 ‾ 2 ‾ 1 ) can gain coherent interfaces with Mo ( 1 1 ‾ 0) to intensify the phase boundary. This work paves a way for the design of high-performance composites through the in-situ reinforcement of decomposable additives.
研究领域:
材料科学
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力学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
VACUUM
·
2020
·
IF 2.906
Qiao Zhang,Yu Cheng,Baojiang Chen,Shuhua Liang,Longchao Zhuo
W–Cu composites that are strengthened with tungsten carbide ceramic particles have been proposed thanks to their high melting point, high hardness and excellent high-temperature mechanical properties . In this paper, tungsten carbide-reinforced W-25 wt% Cu composites were fabricated via an in situ synthesis technique that used mixed tungsten, copper and graphite powders. The impact of the graphite content on the microstructure and properties of the W–Cu composite was investigated. The results showed that tungsten carbide phases formed through the carbonization reaction of tungsten and graphite at high temperature. With the generation of tungsten carbide phases, the hardness, vacuum arc erosion resistance, high-temperature strength and wear resistance of the W–Cu composites were improved. The improvement was very significant for the W–Cu composites with an increase in the graphite content. However, the electrical conductivity was slightly sacrificed for the W–Cu composites. Moreover, the effects of the graphite on the comprehensive properties were evaluated and compared with those of reinforced with CNTs . Based on the laboratory properties and preparation cost of W–Cu composites, graphite can be used for the industrial fabrication of in situ self-generated tungsten carbide-reinforced W–Cu composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
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机械工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2022
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IF 16.744
Yonggang Lei,Kim Hoong Ng,Yingzhen Zhang,Zengxing Li,Shen Xu,Jianying Huang,Yuekun Lai
In an attempt to construct efficient photocatalytic H 2 production system, designing a practical way to integrate co-catalyst and semiconductor is of great importance for future commercialization. Herein, we report a facile one-pot loading of CdS onto WC through the facile solid–liquid mixing method. The resultant visible light-responsive WC-supported CdS photocatalyst, at different WC wt.%, is assessed in photocatalytic hydrogen production, with lactic acid as an electron donor. Experimental results confirmed the positive effects of WC, with 3 wt% WC-loaded CdS photocatalyst (CdS/WC) exhibiting the highest hydrogen evolution rate of 9180 μmol h −1 g −1 . Such achievement is associated to 2.1 and 43 folds activity improvements from that of CdS/Pt(3 wt%) and pure CdS photocatalysts, respectively. Meanwhile, an apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 14.3% was also recorded by the same photocatalyst from the single-wavelength photocatalytic reaction at 420 nm. All these enhancements can be attributed to the incorporation of WC, which extending and improving the light absorbability of CdS. Concurrently, the adjoining WC also provides rapid electron transfer channel and water reduction site, which facilitate the spatial separation of charges while promoting the kinetics of hydrogen production reactions. This study presents a facile synthesis method for CdS/WC photocatalyst, which offers high reliability for industrial scale hydrogen production.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源化学
·
催化化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2018
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IF 3.779
Jie Dang,Yijie Wu,Zepeng Lv,Xuewei Lv
Tungsten carbides , which can be widely used as cutting and drilling tools, chemical catalysts and aerospace coatings, have attracted widespread attentions. The present work reported a simple method to prepare tungsten carbides by using WO 2 as the raw materials and CO as the reduction and carbonization agent. It was found that at lower and moderate temperatures, all the final product was WC, while at higher temperatures, the final products were W 2 C or W. The reduction and carbonization mechanism was also studied theoretically and experimentally. WO 2 was reduced and carburized to WC in one step at lower temperatures; WO 2 was first reduced and carburized to W 2 C and then to WC at moderate temperatures; while at higher temperatures, WO 2 was first reduced to metallic W and then carbonized to WC or W 2 C, but with the temperature increasing, the carbonization became difficult and required much higher CO content.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
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2021
·
IF 4.724
Liwen Zhang,Xiaoli Xi,Zuoren Nie
A new electrochemical method for efficient and green recovery of cemented carbide in a molten salt is described. Tungsten powder is the main product when recovering cemented carbide by molten salt electrolysis. However, the main purpose of tungsten powder is to make tungsten carbide. Based on this, a new method for preparing tungsten carbide by in situ reduction was developed. Pure tungsten carbide powder was successfully prepared in situ by pulse electrolysis in a NaF–KF molten salt system at 1073 K. This not only effectively recovers the spent cemented carbide, but also enriches the product system and optimizes the method for preparation of tungsten carbide powder.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
·
IF 5.1
Mengen Hu,Xincan Gao,Zhen Wang,Xian Dang,Chengwan Yang,Xinyang Li,Ming Li,Yue Li,Xiaoye Hu,Zhulin Huang
Tungsten carbide (WC) cemented carbide plays a crucial role in cutting and mechanical processing. However, the grain coarsening that inevitably occurs during the high temperature sintering process of WC leads to a reduction in mechanical properties. This study presents a strategy for the one-step synthesis of tantalum carbide (TaC) grain inhibitors to enhance ultrafine grain WC ceramics. Specifically, WC-xTaC (where x = 0 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, and 4 wt%) powders were synthesized directly in one step using a liquid phase method, thereby eliminating the effects of the ball milling process on the defect density and surface energy of the powders. The mechanical properties of the sintered blocks were evaluated after the synthesized WC-xTaC powders underwent hot press sintering. The results demonstrate a reduction in the grain size of WC from 1.96 μm to 850 nm after sintering compared to WC ceramics without TaC doping. The density of the material improved from 91.4 % to 97.8 %, while the hardness increased from 16.3 GPa to 24 GPa, reflecting an overall enhancement of 47.2 %. This research provides an optimized approach for the fabrication of ultrafine grained WC ceramics.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
陶瓷工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CATALYSIS TODAY
·
2024
·
IF 5.2
Qian Qiang,Huamei Yang,Wentao Su,Haiyan He,Shenglong Tian,Changzhi Li,Tao Zhang
Lignin is the most abundant renewable resource composed of aromatic moieties in nature. The highlight aromatic characteristics of lignin renders it a sustainable feedstock for aromatic chemicals and naphthene fuels. Tungsten is a typical rare metal for the synthesis of non-noble metal catalysts which show potential in catalyzing lignin depolymerization/valorization. This review highlights the latest advances in the application of tungsten-based catalysts for the transformation of lignin into value-added chemicals and fuels. We focus on the synthesis and application of tungsten carbides , tungsten sulfide, tungsten phosphide, tungsten acids, and tungsten-based bimetallic catalysts on lignin conversion. Among them, tungsten carbides are extensively summarized. Perspectives for the future investigation on the lignin depolymerization are also presented.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
可再生资源利用
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）