Solid catalyst loss is inevitable by using the traditional separation methods of centrifugation or filtration. To this end, the carbonized MIL−100(Fe) is used to support ammonium sulfate ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ) for synthesizing magnetic solid acid on the purpose of biodiesel production . Influence of preparation factors of loading amount, activation temperature, and activation time on catalytic activity are initially evaluated. With that, the prepared catalyst (CIS) is comprehensively investigated to obtain the optimal esterification parameters for biodiesel production . Moreover, characterizations of TG, XRD, BET, SEM, EDS, FTIR, py−FTIR, VSM, XPS, and Hammett indicator are conducted to elucidate the structure−function relationship between physicochemical property and catalytic activity . Results indicated the CIS is a superparamagnetism material with the saturated magnetism of 22 emu/g, which could be easily recovered from mixture with external magnet. Furthermore, the maximum conversion of 95.68% is obtained with mild conditions: molar ratio of methanol/oleic acid of 8:1 and catalyst amount of 8 wt% at 70 °C for 2 h. Negligible impact is detected for CIS with presence of 5 wt% water content, even with 20 wt% water content, the conversion of 85.88% is still achieved.
Jiangnan Hu,Zhenglong Lian,Zhenzhen Weng,Zihao Xu,Jie Gao,Yuanyuan Liu,Tao Luo,Xiaolei Wang
Restricted by synaptic plasticity, dopamine receptor (DR) upregulation takes a long time to work. Moreover, the impact of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) on delivery efficiency restricts the development of drugs. Taking inspiration from snuff bottles, a convenient, fast-acting, and nonaddictive nasal drug delivery system has been developed to rapidly reshape the balance of synaptic transmitters. This optical and magnetic response system called CFs@DP, comprised of carbonized MIL-100 (Fe) frameworks (CFs) and domperidone (DP), which can enter the brain via nasal administration. Under dual stimulation of near-infrared (NIR) irradiation and catecholamine-induced complexation, CFs@DP disintegrates to release iron ions and DP, causing upregulation of the dopamine type 1 (D 1 ), type 2 (D 2 ) receptors, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to achieve a therapeutic effect. In vivo experiments demonstrate that the DR density of mice (postnatal day 50–60) increased in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampus (HPC) after 10 days of therapy, resulting in antidepressant-like and cognitive enhancement effects. Interestingly, the cognitive enhancement effect of CFs@DP is even working in noniron deficiency (normal fed) mice, making it a promising candidate for application in enhancing learning ability.
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