MIL-47(V)-derived carbon-doped vanadium oxide for selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-diformylfuran
The development and transformation of biomass-derived platform compounds is a sustainable way to deal with the fossil fuel crisis. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) can be reduced or oxidized to produce many high-value compounds; however, it is challenging to effectively produce 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) due to overoxidation. In this work, a carbon-doped V2O5 (C–V2O5) material was obtained through pyrolysis of MIL-47(V) nanorods, a typical metal–organic framework material. The X-ray diffraction patterns and X-ray photoelectron spectra showed that the graphitized carbon species were incorporated in C–V2O5. High-efficiency HMF oxidation, high specific selectivity for DFF and excellent recycling could be achieved with the C–V2O5 catalyst. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculation revealed that graphitized carbon weakens the VO bond and promotes the formation of oxygen vacancies in C–V2O5, thus improving the catalytic activity in the oxidation of furfuryl alcohols. The V4+ induced by oxygen vacancies will be oxidized by O2 to form V5+, so that the cycle can be realized. It exhibits remarkable selectivity in the oxidation of different alcohols produced from biomass based on the relatively constant active sites in C–V2O5.
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