JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2020
·
IF 4.65
Peiwen Liu,Yannan Zhang,Peng Dong,Yingjie Zhang,Qi Meng,Siyuan Zhou,Xuan Yang,Mingyu Zhang,Xi Yang
Direct regeneration has been widely applied in recovery of LiFePO 4 batteries. However, excess residual carbon and inherent low electronic and ionic conductivity of spent LiFePO 4 /C cathode materials lead to the reduction of electrochemical performance. Herein, a facile and simple regeneration process of pre-oxidation and vanadium doping is developed to regenerate LiFePO 4 /C cathode materials . Pre-oxidation was applied to remove excess carbon at 500 °C for 3 h in air. Vanadium doping was applied to improve electronic and ionic conductivity of regenerated cathode materials. Among the regenerated cathode materials, the 3 mol% V doped sample possesses discharge capacity of 134.3 mAh/g after 200 cycle at 1C with the discharge capacity retention of 99.1%. At 2, 5, 10C, the discharge capacities are 134, 124.1, 111.5 mAh/g, respectively. The vanadium doping regeneration process with oxidation pre-oxidation is simple, and feasible to be applied in the recovery of spent LiFePO 4 cathode materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源存储与转换
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.2
Qinyu Zeng,Kaixi Hu,Wannan Hu,Hanzhi Li,Yutao Ma,Qibin Liang,Jingyun Su,Dongju Fu,Lawrence Yoon Suk Lee,Luyang Wang
The increasing demand for lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries has raised concerns about the disposal of the cathode materials at the end of their functional lifespan, prompting significant interest in recycling waste LFP cathodes, particularly regarding the use of organic acids to minimize environmental impact and reduce acid mist during the process. However, the coordination of organic acids with Fe affects the distribution of ferric ions in the dissolution–precipitation equilibrium, which represents a significant challenge for the separation of Li and Fe. In this study, we propose an environmentally friendly and effective method for extracting Li from spent LFPs while retaining Fe in the precipitate. Lactic acid was selected in conjunction with H 2 O 2 , enabling Li recovery exceeding 99 % and producing Li 3 PO 4 with a purity of 99.2 %. Monitoring elemental concentrations during the leaching reaction confirms that the leaching process is dual-controlled by both of the internal-diffusion and the external surface reaction models. Comparative studies with oxalic acid and citric acid further demonstrated that the lactic acid-H 2 O 2 system offers superior separation of Li and Fe. Cost analysis indicates that this method yields a profit of 3.56 USD kg −1 , highlighting its economic viability and potential for sustainable recycling practices.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
WASTE MANAGEMENT
·
2020
·
IF 5.448
Jai Kumar,Xing Shen,Bo Li,Huizhou Liu,Junmei Zhao
To recycle the sharply growing spent lithium-ion batteries and alleviate concerns over shortages of resources, particularly Li, is still an urgent issue. In this work, an organic acids based leaching approach at room temperature is proposed to recover Li and FePO 4 from spent LiFePO 4 cathode powder. The coexistent metal ions, Cu and Al, have also been investigated. Citrus fruit juices, rich in organic acids, such as citric acid and malic acid, have been used as leaching agents in this work. Among lemon, orange and apple, lemon juice shows the best leaching effect based on its suitable pH of the reaction system. Under the optimized conditions, the leaching rates of Li, Cu and Al can reach up to 94.83%, 96.92% and 47.24%, while Fe and P remain as low as 4.05% and 0.84%, respectively. Li 2 CO 3 and FePO 4 can be recovered from the leachate and the leaching residue, respectively. The recovered FePO 4 was used to prepare new cathode material LiFePO 4 . The crystalline carbon, present in the spent LiFePO 4 cathode scraps, has a significant effect on the electrochemical performances of the regenerated LiFePO 4 . The regenerated LiFePO 4 cathode material delivered a comparable discharge capacity of 155.3 mAh g −1 at 0.1C and rate capacity to the fresh LiFePO 4 . For the cycling stability, it displays capacity retention of 98.30% over 100 cycles at 1 C with a fading rate of 0.017% per cycle. The proposed organic acids-based recycling strategy is much benign for recycling the spent LiFePO 4 cathode materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2022
·
IF 4.326
Xiang Liu,Mengmeng Wang,Longping Deng,Ya-Jun Cheng,Jie Gao,Yonggao Xia
A huge number of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have caused serious problems such as resource waste and environmental pollution. Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) is one of the major cathode materials in the spent LIBs. It is urgently needed to develop a safe, environmentally friendly, and cost competitive approach to regenerate the LFP cathode collected from the spent LIBs. The nitrate molten salt process has been utilized to regenerate layered cathode materials, which are nevertheless non-compatible with the LFP regeneration process. The LFP crystal lattice will be destroyed during the molten salt process by the oxidative environment, where Fe(II) is oxidized to Fe(III). A new approach is proposed in this work to tackle this issue, where a low-temperature molten salt process is coupled with a reductive environment to suppress oxidation of Fe(II). In detail, lithium nitrate is used as a molten salt medium and lithium source simultaneously. Sucrose is used as a carbon source to provide a reductive environment. Through a short molten-salt relithiation step at 300 °C and further annealing process at 650 °C, LFP particles with a lithium-deficient and damaged structure can be successfully recovered. The rapid lithium replenishment process exposes more (101) crystal planes facilitating lithium-ion transportation. As a result, the regenerated LFP delivers a specific capacity of 145 mAh g–1 at 0.5C, which is more than a 13% increase relative to the spent LFP and has a better rate performance than pristine LFP at 5C. In addition, we also point out that the LFP is converted to Li3PO4 with the increase in lithium source and the extension of treatment time. This work provides a new promising way to regenerate spent LFP cathodes.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 6.3
Tianshun Yao,Huan Zhang,Cai Qi,Jun Ma,Zihao Zhou,Quan Sun,Li Song,Yachao Jin,Mingdao Zhang
The exponential growth of electric vehicles (EVs) will lead to the large-scale retirement of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries in the future. This work proposes an environmentally friendly solid-phase strategy for regenerating waste LFP cathode materials. The regeneration mechanism is also investigated through characterizations. The method involves lithium supplementation, crystal structure repair and Cu doping. Glucose is used as a reducing agent to reduce a large amount of Fe 3+ in waste LFP to Fe 2+ , while the addition of Li + is used to fill the lithium vacancy in waste LFP. Notably, Cu doping increases the vibrational density and conductivity of the regenerated material and expands the ion diffusion channel, which significantly enhances the electrochemical performance of the regenerated LFP cathode. Moreover, the specific capacity of regenerated LFP (Cu@R-LFP) at 0.05C is 160.15 mAh/g, about 97.65 % of that of new LFP (N-LFP). The capacity retention rate of Cu@R-LFP can be as high as 81.19 % even after 1,000 cycles at 1C rate. The method proposed in this study provides a simple and scalable strategy for recycling waste LFP cathode materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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能源科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2024
·
IF 5.5
Mohamed M. Abdelaal,Mohammad Alkhedher
The energy storage market necessitates an increase in the specific capacity of battery materials, particularly cathodes, to meet growing demands. Manganese (Mn) substitution of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes presents a promising avenue, offering high specific capacity and operability at elevated voltages. However, during cycling, the dissolution of Fe/Mn ions into the electrolyte leads to capacity fading. In this study, we enhance the specific capacity of LFP by Mn substitution in the iron position at various ratios (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4). LiFe 0.6 Mn 0.4 PO 4 exhibits the highest capacity of 159.1 mAh g -1 at 0.1C with an initial Coulombic efficiency of 97.9 %. This improvement stems from an enhanced lithium diffusion coefficient, increasing from 1.86 × 10 –14 cm 2 s -1 for pristine LFP to 2.46 × 10 –12 cm 2 s -1 for LiFe 0.6 Mn 0.4 PO 4 . However, LiFe 0.6 Mn 0.4 PO 4 demonstrates the poorest capacity retention among the substituted samples, reaching 78.4 % over 100 cycles due to severe Fe/Mn ion dissolution. To address this issue, we coat Mn-substituted LFP with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and lithiated Nafion (LN) polymer, which offer high electronic and lithium-ion conductivity, respectively. This coating layer enhances the capacity retention of LiFe 0.6 Mn 0.4 PO 4 to 90.1 % at 0.2C after 100 cycles, effectively mitigating active material loss during charge-discharge processes. This study demonstrates that PEDOT:PSS-LN can improve the electronic and ionic conductivity of cathode materials and maintain high capacity retention during cycling.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 26.8
Jie Tang,Haotian Qu,Chongbo Sun,Xiao Xiao,Haocheng Ji,Junxiong Wang,Junfeng Li,Guanjun Ji,Xuan Zhang,Hui-Ming Cheng,Guangmin Zhou
Lithiation reactions driven by chemical potential offer a promising avenue for directly regenerating degraded lithium iron phosphate (LFP). However, the choice of solution system significantly influences the lithium supplementation where improper selection may result in poor lithium recovery or extremely slow kinetics. Herein, it is identified that the most critical factor affecting solution repair effectiveness is the redox potential of the anions in the solution, which determines whether spent LFP (SLFP) can undergo spontaneous lithiation under ambient conditions. Then, machine learning (ML) is used for prediction and screening of huge potential solution systems, and finally a general strategy is proposed: creating a low redox potential solution system that incorporates anions with either low redox potential or moderate redox potential at high concentrations. As a demonstration, the regenerated LFP by ascorbic acid and LiOH solution systems exhibits a high discharge capacity of 144 mAh g −1 at 1 C, retaining 96% of its capacity after 500 cycles at 5 C. This work establishes an important criteria for designing solution systems to restore degraded LFP, marking a significant advancement in the direct regeneration of cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
·
能源技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MINERALS ENGINEERING
·
2025
·
IF 5
Qian Liu,Meitang Liu,Haisheng Hu,Xiaoyu Song,Lu Xiong,Xinyu Li
Lithium is a crucial strategic resource that plays a pivotal and instrumental role in facilitating the advancement of new energy technologies. The rapid growth of the renewable energy industry has resulted in a critical shortage of lithium salt supplies. The extraction of lithium from saline lake brine is characterized by its low energy consumption and cost-effectiveness, making it a prominent area of research in the field. However, the development and widespread application of lithium extraction technology under natural settings have tremendous relevance for lithium extraction in this region because of the severe natural environment and limited industrial base in the majority of saline lake areas. In this paper, zinc oxide with piezoelectric properties was prepared using hydrothermal method, and it was combined with lithium iron phosphate through sintering method to create a piezoelectric adsorbent capable of responding to mechanical energy. The adsorbent can capture wave energy in the saline lake and generate polarized electrons to accelerate theredox process, resulting in selective lithium ion adsorption. After 48 h of reaction with a 20 % zinc oxide loading and a sintering temperature of 200℃, the capacity of the piezoelectric adsorbents for lithium increased to 35.27 mg/g, as shown by experimental results. This study proposes a novel method for extracting lithium directly from saline lake brines under natural conditions, as well as a new application of piezoelectric materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源技术
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环境工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
VACUUM
·
2024
·
IF 3.8
Zuhong Ji,Yunfei Sun,Xiaodong Guan,Yang Zhou,Junchao Qian,Feng Chen
In this work, the La substitution of iron and replacing the oxygen with fluorine are both adopted to expectantly enhance the rate performance and structure stability of LiFePO 4 during working. The characterizations of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope , transmission electron microscope, charging-discharging tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and safety tests are used to investigate the influences of La 3+ and F − doping on the LiFePO 4 . The results indicate the cathodes after La 3+ doping not only deliver the larger lattice parameters and unit cell volume to broaden the lithium ions migration pathway and accelerate the Li + diffusion speed, but also strengthen the whole bond energy of LiFePO 4 owing to the high bond energy of La–O. In addition, the F replacement of O could increase the length of Li–O bonds and decrease the length of P–O bonds, further be helpful to enhance the Li + diffusion between LiFePO 4 phase and FePO 4 phase due to the weakening of Li–O bonds. Finally, the La 3+ and F − co-doped cathode delivers the superior discharge capacity of 139.3 mAh g −1 at 5C high rate and 127.2 mAh g −1 at −20 °C, with the high discharging capacity of 160.1 mAh g −1 after 100 cycles at 45 °C.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
IONICS
·
2024
·Vol. 30
·期 7
·3819-3829
·
IF 2.4
Zhang Caihong,Zhong Yan,Tu Hong,Yang Zhihao,Chen Guangping,Zhu Xinghua
Iron phosphate (FePO 4 ·2H 2 O) has emerged as the mainstream process for the synthesis of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ), whereas FePO 4 ·2H 2 O produced by different processes also has a great influence on the performance of LiFePO 4 . In this paper, FePO 4 ·2H 2 O was produced by two different processes, in which FeSO 4 ferrous and Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 O ferric were used, respectively. After dehydration under the same conditions, a carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 /C) cathode material was synthesized by a high-temperature solid phase method. The results demonstrated that FePO 4 ·2H 2 O contained different impurities due to different raw materials, which led to different particle sizes, specific surface areas, microscopic morphology, and crystal structures. The difference of FePO 4 ·2H 2 O eventually resulted in the difference of LiFePO 4 /C cathode materials in micro-morphology and crystal structure, which affected the electrochemical performance. Under the premise of comprehensively considering the cost and quality of FePO 4 ·2H 2 O, improving the purity of FePO 4 ·2H 2 O is an important method to improve the electrochemical performance of LiFePO 4 /C cathode materials. Simultaneously, it is also expected to provide theoretical guidance for the preparation of lower-cost and better-quality LiFePO 4 /C cathode materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
·
2021
·
IF 5.165
Wensong Zou,Xuezhen Feng,Wenfei Wei,Yuanhao Zhou,Ranhao Wang,Renji Zheng,Jing Li,Siyuan Luo,Hongwei Mi,Hong Chen
Developing efficient recycling technologies for large-scale spent batteries is the key to build a zero-waste city. Herein, a [Al8.5Fe0.5P12O48]·[C24H72N16]·[Li·4H2O]·[12H2O] (AlFePO-Li) zeolite, crystallizing in space group I4̅3m with a = 16.6778(3) Å, has been constructed via the hydrothermal treatment of spent LiFePO4 battery. Benefiting from the three-dimensional 12-member-ring channels in its structure and chemical adsorption, excellent Pb2+ removal capacity up to 723.8 mg g–1 has been achieved. Detailed adsorption mechanism study revealed that the cation exchange capacity is significantly contributed by ion exchange of the protonated organic amine cations in the zeolite channel and the protons from the framework dangling phosphate group. This work demonstrates a novel method of reutilizing spent LIBs to construct zeolite for heavy metal removal. It is of great importance to achieve sustainable development based on the “resource utilization” and “trash-to-treasure” strategy.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 10
·6983-6992
·
IF 3.9
Yiqiong Peng,Lingzhi Zeng,Shuai Dai,Feng Liu,Xi Rao,Yongping Zhang
Self-assembled lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) with tunable microstructure is an effective way to improve the electrochemical performance of cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. Herein, self-assembled LiFePO4/C twin microspheres are synthesized by a hydrothermal method using a mixed solution of phosphoric acid and phytic acid as the phosphorus source. The twin microspheres are hierarchical structures composed of primary nano-sized capsule-like particles (about 100 nm in diameter and 200 nm in length). The uniform thin carbon layer on the surface of the particles improves the charge transport capacity. The channel between the particles facilitates the electrolyte infiltration, and the high electrolyte accessibility enables the electrode material to obtain excellent ion transport. The optimal LiFePO4/C-60 exhibits excellent rate performance with discharge capacity of 156.3 mA h g−1 and 118.5 mA h g−1 respectively at 0.2C and 10C, and low temperature performances with discharge capacity of 90.67 mA h g−1 and 66.7 mA h g−1 at −15 °C and −25 °C, respectively. This research may provide a new pathway to improve the performance of LiFePO4 by tuning the micro-structures by adjusting the relative content of phosphoric acid and phytic acid.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）