To clarify the role of the specific sulfur-containing functional groups of solid acids in the hydrolysis of cellulose, it is necessary to prepare a solid acid bearing relatively single sulfur-containing functional groups apart from the –SO 3 H group. However, diphenylsulfone cannot be polymerized through Friedel-Crafts alkylation, limiting the possibility of preparing sulfone-based solid acids. Therefore, diphenyl sulfide was crosslinked through Friedel-Crafts alkylation, followed by sulfonation and oxidation. The results showed that the sulfone group was successfully introduced onto the solid acid, and the density of –SO 3 H groups increased by 80.88 % through this strategy. The sulfone group is a strong adsorption site for cellulose, and its introduction leads to a decrease in apparent activation energy. Cellulose conversion and glucose selectivity are as high as 77.54 % and 97.13 %, respectively. Unexpectedly, the stability of the functional groups and carbon skeleton is significantly improved due to the conjugation effect of the sulfone group.
Liu Zuyan,Yao Linxin,Hu Jiqing,Qiu Zhiming,Yan Yurong
A kind of fluorinated polyimide carrying sulfonyl groups (SFPI) as a novel binder is synthesized, which possesses excellent thermal stability, solubility, and mechanical properties. The cells with SFPI binder exhibit lower impedance and polarization compared with the cells adding the conventional PVDF binder. The electrochemical test results showed that the SFPI binder–based LiFePO 4 (LFP) electrode exhibits 134.1 mAh g −1 after 100 cycles and about 94.1% of the capacity is maintained. Especially, the overcharge safety of lithium-ion batteries during overcharge state is significantly improved by incorporating a SFPI binder.
Graphical Smart windows : The sulfonyl group-bearing 2,4,6-tri(pyridyl-4-(3-sulphonatopropyl))-1,3,5-triazine (TPST) together with K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]/K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] or 1,1′-ferrocenedimethanol exhibits fast dual-band electrochromic performance, which is useful for electrochromic intelligent dynamic window. The chromophore 2,4,6-tri(pyridyl-4-(3-sulphonatopropyl))-1,3,5-triazine (TPST) was used in hydrogel electrochromic devices (ECDs). The hydrogel consists of TPST, K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]/K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] (K3) or 1,1’-ferrocenedimethanol (FM), and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The devices showed dual-band properties, K3-TPST exhibiting absorption in NIR region at low voltage, while absorption of ECDs blue-shifting at −2.8 V. ECDs changed from transparent to olive green to black with a coloration efficiency of >126.74 cm 2 /C at 850 nm and high cycling stability. The optical contrast of FM-TPST ECD remains 79.3 % of the first cycle contrast after 2100 cycles. TPST can change its color from transparent to black at a high voltage of −2.2 V, with relatively short switching times (FM-TPST, 5.3 s, and K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]/K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ]-TPST, 3.8 s). The response was accelerated up to 5 times by introducing a sulfonyl group with comparison to our previous work. The devices using TPST with sulfonyl moiety provide a new way for the fast-response energy-saving smart windows.
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