The coexistence and interaction of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters at biological synapses enable bilingual communication, serving as a physiological foundation for organism adaptation, internal stability, and regulation of behavior and emotions in mammals. Neuromorphic electronics are expected to emulate the bilingual functions of the biological nervous system for artificial neurorobotics and neurorehabilitation. Here, we have proposed a bilingual bidirectional artificial neuristor array, which utilizes ion migration and electrostatic coupling properties between intrinsically stretchable and self-healing poly(urea-urethane) elastomer and carbon nanotube electrodes, realized by van der Waals integration. The neuristor exhibits depression or potentiation behaviors in response to the same stimulus in different operational phases and achieves a four-quadrant information-processing capability. These properties make it possible to simulate complex neuromorphic processes, which involve bilingual bidirectional responses, such as withdrawal or addiction responses, and array-based automated refresh. Furthermore, the neuristor array is a self-healing neuromorphic electronic device that can function effectively even under 50% mechanical strain and can recover operation voluntarily within 2 h after experiencing mechanical injury. Additionally, the bilingual bidirectional stretchable self-healing neuristor can emulate coordinated neural signal transmission from the motor cortex to muscles and integrate proprioception through strain modulation, similar to the biological muscle spindle. The properties, structure, operation mechanisms, and neurologically integrated functions of the proposed neuristor signify an advancement in neuromorphic electronics for next-generation neurorehabilitation and neurorobotics.
The human perception system's information processing is intricately linked to the nonlinear response and gating effect of neurons. While piezoionics holds potential in emulating the pressure sensing capability of biological skin, the incorporation of information processing functions seems neglected. Here, ionic gating behavior in piezoionic hydrogels is uncovered as a notable extension beyond the previously observed linear responses. The hydrogel can generate remarkably high voltages (700 mV) and currents (7 mA) when indentation forces surpass the threshold. Through a comprehensive analysis involving simulations and experimental investigations, it is proposed that the gating behavior emerges due to significant diffusion differences between cations and anions. To showcase the practical implications of this breakthrough, the piezoionic hydrogels are successfully integrated with prostheses and robot hands, demonstrating that the gating effect enables accurate discrimination between gentle and harsh touch. The advancement in neuromimetic tactile sensing has significant potential for emerging applications such as humanoid robotics and biomedical engineering, offering valuable opportunities for further development of embodied neuromorphic intelligence.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）