BREEDING SCIENCE
·
2018
·
IF 1.559
Hiroyasu Yamaguchi
Ornamental plants that have a rich variety of flower colors and shapes are highly prized in the commercial flower market, and therefore, mutant cultivars that produce different types of flowers while retaining their growth habits are in demand. Furthermore, mutation breeding is well suited for ornamental plants because many species can be easily vegetatively propagated, facilitating the production of spontaneous and induced mutants. The use of ion beams in mutation breeding has rapidly expanded since the 1990s in Japan, with the prospect that more ion beam-specific mutants will be generated. There are currently four irradiation facilities in Japan that provide ion beam irradiation for plant materials. The development of mutant cultivars using ion beams has been attempted on many ornamental plants thus far, and some species have been used to investigate the process of mutagenesis. In addition, progress is being made in clarifying the genetic mechanism for expressing important traits, which will probably result in the development of more efficient mutation breeding methods for ornamental plants. This review not only provides examples of successful mutation breeding results using ion beams, but it also describes research on mutagenesis and compares results of ion beam and gamma ray breeding using ornamental plants.
研究领域:
植物学
·
遗传学
·
园艺学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Materials
·
2023
·Vol. 16
·期 19
·6612
·
IF 3.4
Bo Li,Lei Fan,Jie Bai,Jinhang He,Jianfeng Su,Song Wang,Chao Deng,Shifeng Liu,Zhiqing Zhang
Porosity is closely related to the corrosion and wear properties of a coating processed by thermal-spraying technology, and the quantitative characterization of porosity is a crucial part of the research on coating structures. The current image analysis method often uses the mechanical polishing method recommended by ISO to measure a coating porosity. This method has been proved to be an effective method for the characterization of oxide coatings. However, due to the significant differences in the physical and chemical properties between aluminum and oxides, this method may not be suitable for aluminum coatings, and a more appropriate approach needs to be explored. In this paper, the effects of three polishing technologies (mechanical polishing, argon-ion-beam polishing, and electrolytic polishing) on the porosity measurement of pure aluminum coatings were compared and studied. The research results showed that the commonly used mechanical polishing method and more advanced argon-ion-beam polishing method could not completely reveal the pore structure because SiC particles would be embedded in the pure aluminum coatings during mechanical polishing, filling large pores. Although electrolytic polishing technology had advantages in revealing the macroporous structure, it would introduce a microporous structure and oxides, which would affect the measurement of the coating porosity. The composite polishing technology (electrolytic polishing + argon-ion-beam polishing) could perfectly reveal the pore structure in the pure-aluminum coating, and the porosity of arc-sprayed aluminum coating was 9.9%, which was close to the macroscopic true value measured using the weighing method of 10.2%.Keywords:coating;mechanical polishing;argon ion beam;electrolytic polishing;porosity
研究领域:
材料科学
·
表面工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
·
2016
·Vol. 87
·期 4
·
IF 1.336
Palmer R. E.,Cao L.,Yin F.
We introduce a new type of cluster beam source based on the assembly of (metal) clusters within a condensed (rare gas) matrix. The “Matrix Assembly Cluster Source” employs an ion beam to enhance collisions between metal atoms in the matrix and to sputter out clusters to form a beam. We demonstrate the formation and deposition of gold and silver nanoclusters with mean size tunable from a few atoms to a few thousand atoms. The cluster flux is equivalent to a current nanoAmp regime but potentially scalable to milliAmps, which would open up a number of interesting experiments and applications.
研究领域:
物理学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MOLECULAR BREEDING
·
2012
·Vol. 31
·期 3
·729-735
·
IF 2.852
Shirao Tsukasa,Ueno Kei-ichiro,Abe Tomoko,Matsuyama Tomoki
Four chrysanthemum cultivars were generated through (carbon) ion-beam irradiation of the original ‘Jimba’ ( Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.). The new cultivars had acquired a number of superior cultivation traits, while remaining identical to the commercially available ‘Jimba’ in appearance. In this study, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were used to detect the mutated region of each strain, thereby allowing clear identification at the molecular level. PCR assays were performed with 446 primer sets, including random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primer sets (10-mer RAPD), arbitrarily primed (AP)-PCR primers based on retrotransposon-like sequences and modified RAPD primers (15-mer RAPD). 15-mer RAPD primers generated a 1.49-fold increased band number at high annealing temperatures compared with the original 10-mer RAPD primers and could thus be effective for detection of polymorphic patterns. Our results provide information on the mutated regions of these ion-beam-irradiated chrysanthemum cultivars. Thus, specific DNA markers could be used to improve identification of new cultivars of chrysanthemum as well as other clonal cultivars of horticultural and agricultural crops.
研究领域:
植物学
·
遗传学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 3.2
Shiyin Ji,Yanhao Song,Xiuhua Ji,Yanxia Wei,Changzhong Liao,Yuhong Li,Tao duan
Zirconolite ceramics are emerging as the promising immobilization matrix for high-level radioactive waste (HLW) in deep geological repositories. The radiation stability is a critical factor in assessing their long-term safety. In this work, three zirconolite polytypes of zirconolite-2M, zirconolite-3O and zirconolite-4M were irradiated by 1.5 MeV Xe 10+ (heavy) and 400 keV Ne 4+ (light) ions at fluences of 1 × 10 14 to 2 × 10 15 ions/cm 2 and 1 × 10 15 to 1 × 10 16 ions/cm 2 , respectively. The irradiation damage was systematically studied using GIXRD, Raman and XPS. Results showed that zirconolite-4M had marginally higher radiation resistance than zirconolite-2M, which slightly outperformed zirconolite-3O under heavy ion irradiation. For light ion irradiation, zirconolite-3O demonstrated comparable or slightly better stability than zirconolite-2M. However, Direct comparisons of radiation tolerance were complicated by variations in displacement per atom (dpa) at equivalent fluences. In addition, the phase evolution of zirconolite to cubic defect-fluorite derivative structures (pyrochlore or defect-fluorite) was observed during the amorphization process for the three zirconolite polytypes, irrespective of the ion type (heavy or light). Zirconolite-2M and -3O reached near-complete amorphization at approximately 4 dpa, while zirconolite-4M predominantly retained its crystalline structure even at higher radiation doses (2.5 dpa for light ions and 3.78 dpa for heavy ions). These findings provide critical insights into the design of HLW matrices and the evaluation of their radiation stability, contributing to the development of safer and more durable waste forms for long-term geological storage.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
核能工程
·
辐射物理
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials
·
2023
·Vol. 17
·期 1
·157
·
IF 3.4
Dongyang Qiao,Feng Shi,Ye Tian,Wanli Zhang,Lingbo Xie,Shuangpeng Guo,Ci Song,Guipeng Tie
Single-crystal silicon carbide has excellent electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties. However, due to its high hardness material properties, achieving high-precision manufacturing of single-crystal silicon carbide with an ultra-smooth surface is difficult. In this work, quantum dots were introduced as a sacrificial layer in polishing for pulsed-ion-beam sputtering of single-crystal SiC. The surface of single-crystal silicon carbide with a quantum-dot sacrificial layer was sputtered using a pulsed-ion beam and compared with the surface of single-crystal silicon carbide sputtered directly. The surface roughness evolution of single-crystal silicon carbide etched using a pulsed ion beam was studied, and the mechanism of sacrificial layer sputtering was analyzed theoretically. The results show that direct sputtering of single-crystal silicon carbide will deteriorate the surface quality. On the contrary, the surface roughness of single-crystal silicon carbide with a quantum-dot sacrificial layer added using pulsed-ion-beam sputtering was effectively suppressed, the surface shape accuracy of the Ø120 mm sample was converged to 7.63 nm RMS, and the roughness was reduced to 0.21 nm RMS. Therefore, the single-crystal silicon carbide with the quantum-dot sacrificial layer added via pulsed-ion-beam sputtering can effectively reduce the micro-morphology roughness phenomenon caused by ion-beam sputtering, and it is expected to realize the manufacture of a high-precision ultra-smooth surface of single-crystal silicon carbide.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纳米技术
·
表面工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
·
2011
·
IF 1.132
Ning Zhang,Jianchun Jiang,Xiangyu Li,Yajuan Tong
The changes of cellulose microstructure after being implanted by low energy N + were studied by infrared (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the cellulose intramolecular and the intermolecular hydrogen bonds have broken after being implanted by N + . With the increase in implantation doses, the cellulose relative degree of crystallinity reduced gradually, when the implantation doses increased to 1500×10 14 N + cm −2 , the relative degree of crystallinity decreased 6.84% than the control sample. Furthermore, the average diameter of cellulose powder reduced gradually as well, and many tiny fragments were visible on the surface of cellulose powder.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物物理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Water Process Engineering
·
2023
·
IF 7
Zaichao Guo,Yujing Wang,Zhihao Liang,Zhenhua Zhang,Jianjun Xie,Xiaoyu Gui,Borui Hou,Dan Mo,Liang Lu,Huijun Yao
Due to the increase in oil spills and the high organic contamination of the marine environment, it is necessary to develop an oil/water separation technology with low cost and high efficiency. Membrane separation technology has been proven to be an important technology used in the oil/water separation area. Herein, PET ion track-etched membranes with channel sizes of 310 nm, 650 nm, 1050 nm, and 1950 nm were hydrophobically modified by chemical grafting using propyltrichlorosilane and o-xylene as modifier and solvent, respectively. The modified PET ion track-etched membranes were found to exhibit a maximum water contact angle of 140.81° and possessed excellent hydrophobic property with modifying conditions of 80 mM modifier and 24 h modification time. It demonstrated the grafted propyl groups on the PET ion track-etched membrane played a key role in the increase of hydrophobic property. After modification, the PET ion track etched membrane had a high oil/water separation ratio of 99.87% and a flux of 12,158.24 L/m 2 ·h with good running stability. This work provided a cost-effective and facile approach to distinctly improve the ion track-etched membrane performance on durable oil/water separation.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry C
·
2022
·Vol. 10
·期 39
·14549-14559
·
IF 8.067
Xiuxia Tang,Xiaoyu Zhao,Jiahong Wen,Jia Liu,Fengyi Zhang,Xiaojie Guo,Kun Zhang,Jian Zhang,Aofang Wang,Renxian Gao,Yaxin Wang,Yongjun Zhang
This paper reports the design and fabrication of an anisotropic Ag nanocavity array, which mainly uses magnetron sputtering and ion beam etching techniques to get the ordered Ag nanocavity array on the polystyrene templates. The nanocavity array can be used as an active substrate for polarized Raman scattering to eliminate polarization-independent background clutters. By controlling the etching angle of the ion beam and the film thickness of the sample, the size of the Ag nanocavity and the position of hot spots can be tuned. The polarized extinction spectra and the polarization Raman test further show the anisotropy of the nanocavity array, which leads to angle-dependent SERS observations. The three-dimensional simulation results of the polarized electric field are consistent with the polarized Raman spectroscopy results, and the fundamental reason for the response of an anisotropic nanostructure to polarized light is found. The angle-dependent SERS excited by polarized light is used to eliminate the background signals, which finally leads to improved SERS signals.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学
·
纳米技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Geoenergy Science and Engineering
·
2022
·
IF 0
Jirui Zou,Xiang'an Yue,Weiqing An,Yu-Chun Fu,Lijuan Zhang
Pore wetting is significant for understanding fluid behaviour in porous media . Due to the lack of measurement techniques, pore wettability was estimated by using contact angles measured on flat plate. This results in that the effect of pore size on wettability is rarely studied. In this paper, the oil-water static contact angles in the silica microtubes with inner diameter (ID) range of 1–523 μm were measured by the cryo-Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscopy (cryo-FIB-SEM) and optical microscope . The experimental results show that the oil (silicone oil, hexadecane) and water contact angles in the silica microtubes have the microscale wetting effect, that is the contact angles increase monotonically with the decrease of the microtubular ID. Moreover, the oil-water contact angle of water-filled first is always smaller than that of oil-filled first. The static pore contact angle of oil-water in a silica microtube is different from the contact angle on a silica plate. This paper adds to our current understanding of the pore scale wettability phenomenon in the porous media and provides us with an experimental method for measuring micron scale pore wettability.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
材料科学
·
表面科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
Advanced Materials Interfaces
·
2018
·Vol. 6
·期 3
·1801663
·
IF 4.834
Wentian Huang,Qingwei Zhou,Shaoqiang Su,Jing Li,Xubin Lu,Xingsen Gao,Xin Wang,Mingliang Jin,Guofu Zhou,Zhang Zhang,Junming Liu
Loading 2D layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) on p-type silicon photocathode is suitable for hydrogen production in solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Similarly, various nanostructured TMDs exposing more active sites are widely explored for improving the PEC performances of composite photoelectrodes. Here, defect engineering using a controllable argon ion beam bombardment is presented on ReS 2 /Si photocathode. The atomic vacancy defects are introduced on the 2D ReS 2 to realize high-density active sites, which significantly enhance the solar-driven hydrogen evolution reaction performance of ReS 2 /Si photocathode. The highest photocurrent density of 18.5 mA cm −2 (at 0 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode) is achieved, under a simulated sun irradiation.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光催化
·
能源化学
·
半导体器件
·
纳米科技
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Nanoscale
·
2014
·Vol. 6
·期 15
·8535-8542
·
IF 6.739
Xiangyan Zhou,Marco Dorn,Jürgen Vogt,Daniel Spemann,Wei Yu,Zhengwei Mao,Irina Estrela-Lopis,Edwin Donath,Changyou Gao
Noble-metal nanoparticles (NPs) especially prepared from gold and silver have been combined on the surface of graphene to obtain graphene-based nanocomposites for novel functions in enhanced performance in bio-imaging, cancer detection and therapy. However, little is known about their cellular uptake, especially the intracellular quantity which plays a critical role in determining their functions and safety. Therefore, we prepared covalently conjugated GO/Au and GO/Ag composites by immobilizing Au and Ag nanoparticles on GO sheets pre-functionalized with disulfide bonds, respectively. The cellular uptake of these composites was quantitatively studied by means of an ion beam microscope (IBM) to determine the metal content in human lung cancer cells (A549 cells) and liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2 cells). The cell uptake was also studied by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), which is one of the most sensitive techniques being applied to cell suspensions, for comparison. Toxicity, one of the consequences of cellular uptake of GO based composites, was studied as well. The potential toxicity mechanism was also suggested based on the results of intracellular quantification of the nanomaterials.
研究领域:
纳米技术
·
生物医学工程
·
毒理学
·
细胞生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）