Surfaces and Interfaces
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Zhao-Yun Wang,Xin Zhao,An-Ni Zheng,Lei Jin,Jia-Qiang Yang,Jun-Yang Liu,DongPing Zhan,Da-Quan Yu,Fang-Zu Yang,Shi-Gang Sun
Metallization of micro through silicon via (TSV) is vital in 3-dimensional integration of chips and high-density printed circuit boards. As the diameter decreases and aspect ratio increases, realizing a uniform copper seed layer inside TSV becomes increasingly challenging by using traditional techniques of high-cost physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Cu electroless deposition (Cu-ELD) is a promising technique for growing a conductive seed layer on the wall of TSV, and promotes the completion of metallization of micro TSV following by Cu electroplating. In the current study, an advanced method is developed to form Cu seed layer on micro TSV by Cu-ELD catalyzed through Ag nanoparticles. The Ag nanoparticles are synthesized using gallic acid as the reducing agent (denoted as GA-Ag NPs). Ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy are applied to study the mechanism of conformal Cu-ELD catalyzed by GA-Ag NPs, and results demonstrate that all Ag ions are reduced to spherical Ag NPs of 9.7 nm in average size. Electrochemical tests and finite element simulation illustrate that the high catalytic activity of GA-Ag NPs facilitates Cu-ELD to achieve an effective conformal deposition in TSV. The obtained continuous and uniform Cu seed layer enables the void-free filling of TSV ultimately by Cu electroplating. An in situ XRD device is designed and built up for investigation of Cu-ELD process, which reveals that the Cu layer catalyzed by GA-Ag NPs during growth is stable and exhibits a mixed crystalline structure with texture coefficient ( TC ) values of Cu (220) and Cu (311) close to and higher than 25 %.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电子工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
·
2019
·
IF 7.015
Xixi Ma,Yanhong Li,Aisheng Huang
Recently, more and more attentions have been focused on the preparation of metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes for gas or liquid separations. However, it is rather difficult to prepare a dense MOF membrane by a direct solvothermal synthesis route because of poor heterogeneous nucleation of MOF on the native ceramic support surface. Chemical modifications or seeds coating are usually carried out to promote nucleation and growth of MOF membranes. In this work, we report the synthesis of ZIF-95 nano-sheets as seeds for secondary growth of highly hydrogen permselective ZIF-95 membranes. Under the action of the vacuum force, the ZIF-95 seeds in the colloidal suspensions are attracted and transported onto the whole area of the support surface continuously and uniformly, thus forming a continuous and uniform ZIF-95 seeding layer, which is helpful to promote the nucleation and growth of ZIF-95 membranes. After solvothermal synthesis at 120 °C for 48 h, a well-intergrown ZIF-95 membrane was formed on the seeding support surface. Attributing to a preferentially affinity to CO 2 and a narrow pore size of ~0.37 nm, the developed ZIF-95 membrane shows high hydrogen permselectivity for the separation H 2 from other large molecules. At 200 °C and 1 bar, the mixture separation factors of H 2 /CO 2 , H 2 /N 2 , and H 2 /CH 4 are 41.6, 36.8, and 40.3, respectively, with H 2 permeances over 1.7 × 10 −7 mol m −2 s −1 ·Pa −1 .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2014
·Vol. 4
·期 84
·44452-44456
·
IF 3.708
Y. Yin,Y. Sun,M. Yu,X. Liu,B. Yang,D. Liu,S. Liu,W. Cao,M. N. R. Ashfold
Dense arrays of ultra-thin zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods have been fabricated on c-oriented ZnO seed layers by hydrothermal growth, with particular emphasis on exploring the effects of annealing or plasma pre-treating the seed layer. Such pre-treatments influence the density, size and surface defects of particles within the nucleating seed layer, which impacts on the subsequent nanorod growth via sequential reaction with OH− and Zn2+ species. Oxygen-rich defects at the seed layer surface are deduced to have particular impact – affecting both the c-axis growth rate and the photoluminescence properties of the as-grown nanorods.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纳米技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2025
·
IF 5.4
Dongyue Guo,Yinghao Wu,Wenjie Zhao
The poor adhesion strength between epoxy resin (EP) and carbon fiber (CF) is the bottleneck that greatly restricts the mechanical performances of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) composite coatings. Preparing micro/nano particles on the surface of CF is an attractive strategy to boost the interfacial adhesion strength between CF and EP. However, the uneven and sparse distribution of micro/nano particles on the CFs surface negatively limited the interfacial compatibility between EP and CF, and alleviated the mechanical performances of CFRP composite materials. Therefore, in this work, we constructed a layer of ZnO seed on the surface of CFs via a hydrothermal method firstly, followed by the in-situ growth of ZnO nanolayers with needle-like structures, and further chemically grafting with active amino functional groups to boost the interfacial compatibility between CF and EP. Compared to the oxidized carbon fiber/EP composite coating (CFO@EP) and the in-situ growth of ZnO micro/nano structured carbon fiber composite coating (ZnO/CF@EP), the wear rate of AS-ZnO/CF@EP coating was significantly reduced by 53.28 % and 39.44 %, and the erosion mass were reduced by 19.38 % and 14.75 %, respectively. We revealed the mechanisms behind the interfacial reinforcement and improved erosion-wear resistance of the AS-ZnO/CF@EP composite coating, which was attributed to the mechanical interlocking brought by the uniformly dense ZnO nanolayers with needle-like structures and the chemical bonding brought by amination treatment in AS-ZnO/CF. This research work indicates that the synergistic effect of rough structure meshing and chemical bonding is crucial for enhancing the interfacial adhesion strength and erosion resistance of carbon enforced polymer composite coatings when being applied in the harsh marine environment.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
表面工程
·
复合材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2021
·Vol. 98
·期 1
·24-30
·
IF 2.326
Lu Qingjian,Gao Min,Lu Chang,Pan Taisong,Cheng Tiedong,Long Fei,Lin Yuan
Vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) has unique electrical and optical properties, which have practical applications in many devices. However, preparing high-quality VO 2 films and transferring them to flexible substrates by an economic and simple way are still challenging. Functional thin films can be grown on van der Waals (vdW) substrates and then transferred to flexible substrates due to the weak interaction between films and their substrates. Herein, VO 2 thin films were grown on mica substrates by using the polymer-assisted deposition technique. By controlling the ion concentration in the polymer precursor solution, a flat seed layer was prepared at the initial growth stage. It was found that the introduction of the seed layer can improve the crystallinity, increase the grain size and reduce the defects of the VO 2 thin films. It is believed that less nucleation density and layered growth at the initial growth stage are critical to the formation of large size grains. Our results confirmed that chemical solution deposition can prepared high-quality VO 2 films on vdW substrates.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
表面科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2019
·
IF 5.107
Xuechao Gao,Bing Gao,Hua Liu,Chun Zhang,Yuting Zhang,Ji Jiang,Xuehong Gu
Submicron NaA zeolite seeds were coated on the stainless steel (SS) hollow fiber support by self-assembly method, and then the hydrothermal crystallization and autoclave technique were used to synthesize NaA zeolite membranes. The effects of grafting temperature, grafting time and the size of induction seeds on the membrane performance were extensively investigated. The as-synthesized membranes and zeolite crystals were then characterized by X-ray diffraction, and the morphology and thickness of membranes were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The separation performance of the membrane was evaluated by pervaporation dehydration of 90 wt% ethanol/water mixtures at 75 °C. It was found that the seed-layer should be uniformly coated to induce good continuity for the NaA zeolite membrane layer, where the seeding effect was clearly affected by grafting time, grafting temperature and seed size. The optimal seeding condition was found for a grafting time of 6 h under a temperature of 110 °C, using a seed size of 150 nm. A continuous zeolite membrane layer could be obtained on the surface of the SS hollow fiber, with a separation factor above 10,000 and a permeation flux of 4.22 kg∙m −2 ∙h −1 . The proposed self-assembly method could be readily operated and extended to the seeding process during the preparation of other supported zeolite membranes, providing a good prospect in batch-scale production of SS hollow fiber supported NaA zeolite membranes.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
分离技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER
·
2025
·
IF 4.5
Xiao Zhang,Xixun Shen,Runlin Wang,Zihao Zhang,Wei Huang,Qunjie Xu,Zhenni Kang,Junfeng He
At present, the hole metallization of printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) is achieved through using traditional electroless copper as a conductive seed, accompanied by an electroplating copper filling process. This method has serious environmental issues due to the carcinogenic formaldehyde and recalcitrant chelating agents in the electroless plating solution. To address this issue, a green polymer polypyrrole conductive film is proposed to replace traditional electroless copper as a conductive seed layer for the metallization of PCB. The polypyrrole film is formed via in-situ polymerization of pyrrole monomers on blind-hole walls. The cross-sectional SEM and EDS analysis confirmed that the polypyrrole film was uniformly formed on the walls of blind holes. The polypyrrole conductive layer exhibits a low sheet resistance of 1.45 kΩ/sq. Electrochemical characterizations demonstrate rapid copper electrodeposition on this conductive polymer layer. The contact angle measurements also demonstrate that the polypyrrole conductive film enhances substrate wettability, facilitating electrolyte infiltration into the vias. The filling experiment shows that dense super filling of copper in blind holes can be achieved within about 70 min. Thermal shock experiments confirm excellent adhesion of the plated copper. These results demonstrate that the polypyrrole conductive film represents a highly promising material to replace traditional electroless copper as the conductive seed layer for the metallization of PCB.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电子封装
·
表面工程
·
高分子化学
·
环境友好技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Nano Energy
·
2024
·
IF 16.8
Jintian Li,Shilei Ji,Hudie Wei,Jiaqi Gong,Weiwei Mao,Wenjun Zhang,Lei Shi,Xing’ao Li,Liang Chu
Perovskite solar cells exhibit one of the most noticeable photovoltaic technologies ; however, the buried defects under perovskite films reduce both power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term stability, particularly in large-area modules. Reasonable seeding layers can address the above issues to achieve stable and effective perovskite photovoltaic devices . Herein, trimethylsulfide iodine ((CH 3 ) 3 SI) was utilized to passivate the buried interface and act as one-dimensional (1D) seeding mediator to regulate the air-processed perovskite growth for inverted photovoltaic module with high stability and over 20% efficiency. The strong interaction Pb-S bond is formed between (CH 3 ) 3 SI and Pb 2+ to inhibit the production of Pb 0 . Importantly, the 1D (CH 3 ) 3 SPbI 3 seeding layer can promote perovskite crystallization, improve NiO x conductivity for hole transfer, optimize energy level arrangement to reduce interfacial band offset, and improve open-circuit voltage. As a result, the PCE of inverted photovoltaic modules based on 10.0 × 10.0 cm 2 substrate was significantly improved from 18.47% to 20.03%. Meanwhile, the optimized device module without encapsulation maintained over 85% of the original PCE value during 1000 h storing under 40–60% humidity and 30–36 ℃.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源技术
·
光伏器件
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
·
2021
·
IF 8.742
Chenhan Zhang,Jiahui Yan,Taotao Ji,Dongying Du,Yanwei Sun,Liangliang Liu,Xiongfu Zhang,Yi Liu
Preferred orientation represents a main concern for microstructure control and performance optimization of MOF membranes. To date, it remains a challenging task to precisely control preferred orientation of ZIF-8 membrane. Herein, we prepared highly (110)-oriented ZIF-8 membrane by oriented secondary growth. Among various elements, preparation of uniform ZIF-8 nanosheet seeds through thermal conversion of identically shaped ZIF-L precursors, spin-coating-assisted oriented deposition of (110)-oriented ZIF-8 seed layer, and controlled in-plane secondary growth at low temperature were found crucial for obtaining well-intergrown (110)-oriented ZIF-8 membrane whose H 2 /CO 2 ideal selectivity exceeded H 2 /N 2 and H 2 /CH 4 under ambient conditions, owing to preferential CO 2 adsorption capacity of not only PEI but also ZIF-8 nanosheets compared with their bulk counterparts. Our research highlighted the significance of preferred orientation regulation in tailoring the gas permeation behavior of MOF membranes.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
膜技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2025
·
IF 8.2
Yumeng Zhang,Kexin Zhang,Ruikai Zhang,Xinbo Shi,Guofu Zhou,Jun-Ming Liu,Yue Jiang,Zhen Wang,Jinwei Gao
Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3)-based perovskites are promising photoabsorber materials owing to their optimal bandgap and excellent photothermal stability. However, their complex crystallization behavior during blade-coating presents challenges for scalable fabrication, leading to poor perovskite film morphology and uniformity, which adversely affect the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a two-dimensional (2D) perovskite seed layer was introduced onto the SnO2 electron transport layer within a conventional n-i-p device architecture. This seed layer was employed to provide heterogeneous nucleation sites for and to induce the bottom-up-oriented growth of [PbI6]4– octahedra, thereby facilitating the formation of the photoactive α-FAPbI3 phase with enhanced crystallinity and film uniformity. As a result, PSCs with an active area of 2.5 × 2.5 cm2 were fabricated, achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.03% and an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.10 V. Furthermore, over 80% of the initial efficiency was retained after 2000 h of ambient storage (relative humidity ≈ 5%, temperature ≈ 25 °C) without encapsulation, indicating excellent long-term stability. Through this approach, a viable and scalable pathway has been established for the fabrication of high-quality α-FAPbI3 films, offering significant potential for the advancement of efficient and stable PSCs.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
·
2020
·
IF 3.562
Zhi-Chao Meng,Li-Yin Gao,Zhi-Quan Liu
Electrodeposition of Sn within porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template was used to synthesize Sn nanowires. Ag seed layer was sputtered upon AAO template firstly, then the Sn nanowires were electroplated upon the seed layer. After electrodeposition the Ag seed layer was removed and the AAO template was dissolved in order to obtain Sn nanowires finally. The diameter of Sn nanowires was about 200 nm, being consistent with the template pore size, while the length of nanowires had a linear growth rate of approximately 2.49 μm/min. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron diffraction revealed that individual Sn nanowire was single crystal without preferential growth direction. The surface of the nanowire was wrapped by a thin SnO film (~5 nm thick), as verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) analyses. The synthesized Sn nanowire powders had a dark brown color, which comes from the surface SnO layer. Through the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, the melting point of Sn nanowires was determined as 231.73 °C, which is about 2.7% lower than the pure Sn particles. Fabrication of Sn nanosolders from Sn nanowires was tried using liquid bath melting method. It was found that Sn nanowires could convert into spheroidal nanosolder in liquid paraffin, which demonstrated a novel technology to fabricate nanosolders used for nanoscale interconnections.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纳米技术
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED MATERIALS
·
2024
·Vol. 36
·期 18
·2309844
·
IF 27.4
Rundong Fan,Wei Sun,Congmeng Li,Yihua Chen,Haipeng Xie,Yongli Gao,Yue Ma,Zongyang Peng,Zijian Huang,Ruiyang Yin,Fengtao Pei,Wentao Zhou,Yuetong Wu,Huifen Liu,Kailin Li,Tinglu Song,Dechun Zou,Huachao Zai,Hui Li,Qi Chen,Qian Wang,Huanping Zhou
Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered much attention in recent years. Despite the remarkable advancements in PSCs utilizing traditional metal electrodes, challenges such as stability concerns and elevated costs have necessitated the exploration of innovative electrode designs to facilitate industrial commercialization. Herein, a physically and chemically stable molybdenum (Mo) electrode is developed to fundamentally tackle the instability factors introduced by electrodes. The combined spatially resolved element analyses and theoretical study demonstrate the high diffusion barrier of Mo ions within the device. Structural and morphology characterization also reveals the negligible plastic deformation and halide-metal reaction during aging when Mo is in contact with perovskite (PVSK). The electrode/underlayer junction is further stabilized by a thin seed layer of titanium (Ti) to improve Mo film's uniformity and adhesion. Based on a corresponding p–i–n PSCs (ITO/PTAA/PVSK/C 60 /SnO 2 /ITO/Ti/Mo), the champion sample could deliver an efficiency of 22.25%, which is among the highest value for PSCs based on Mo electrodes. Meanwhile, the device shows negligible performance decay after 2000 h operation, and retains 91% of the initial value after 1300 h at 50–60 °C. In summary, the multilayer Mo electrode opens an effective avenue to all-round stable electrode design in high-performance PSCs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光伏技术
·
能源材料
·
薄膜技术
·
器件物理
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）