Science & Education
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2014
·Vol. 23
·期 9
·1911-1932
·
IF 0.718
Allchin Douglas
The prospective virtues of using history and philosophy of science in science teaching have been pronounced for decades. Recently, a role for nature of science in supporting scientific literacy has become widely institutionalized in curriculum standards internationally. This short review addresses these current needs, highlighting the concrete views of teachers in the classroom, eschewing ideological ideals and abstract theory. A practical perspective highlights further the roles of history and philosophy—and of sociology, too—and even broadens their importance. It also indicates the relevance of a wide range of topics and work in Science Studies now generally absent from science educational discourse. An extensive reference list is provided.
研究领域:
科学教育
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科学与技术研究
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DOI
高影响因子
Canadian Journal of Chemistry
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2014
·Vol. 93
·期 1
·
IF 1.013
UsselmanMelvyn C.,WillisChristopher J.
A brief institutional history of the Department of Chemistry at the University of Western Ontario in London, Ontario, from the founding of the university in 1878 until modern times is presented. After its beginnings as a subject taught to medical students, chemistry began to achieve independent status with the construction of a dedicated sciences building in 1924. Growth remained slow until government began to fund university education, and science studies, more generously in the 1950s. Emphasis on research and knowledge creation followed and major funding for infrastructure and senior faculty followed in the 1960s, when Western mined commonwealth sources for researchers of exceptional potential. The arrival of the baby boom generation in the late 1960s forced another expansion of chemistry faculty and staff. Later in the 20th century, a number of specialized and interdisciplinary chemical subspecialties, such as the Centre for Chemical Physics, the Canadian Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Madison, Wisconsin, Surface Science Western, and Interface Science Western, were created under the direction of several visionary chemists. An evolution of investigative interests continues in the 21st century, together with a departmental commitment to outstanding teaching and postuniversity career preparation for its students. After producing its first publication in 1915, the department published its 6000th in 2012, signaling a strong century of growth.
研究领域:
化学
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科学史
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高等教育
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跨学科研究
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化学物理
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表面科学
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ENDEAVOUR
·
2012
·Vol. 36
·期 4
·156-164
·
IF 0.226
Mark V. Barrow
Rachel Carson's Silent Spring generated a firestorm of controversy following its publication in 1962. While numerous scholars have relied on written sources to gage how industry representatives, scientists, government officials, and the public responded to this bestselling book, they have paid much less attention to how visual sources might further our understanding of the context in which Carson wrote, the message she sought to convey, and the impact of her work. This article analyzes sixteen editorial cartoons that appeared in the wake of Carson's book, images that reveal an emerging set of shared understandings about how modern technology presented potential dangers to both humans and the natural world. Using culturally resonant words and images, the cartoonists who editorialized about Carson and her book demonstrate the extent to which her frightening vision of bodily and ecological vulnerability began to permeate society, spawning a counternarrative to the still dominant discourse that linked technological progress, economic development, and the common good. These cartoons thus provide a useful window onto the reception of Silent Spring , the times in which it was published, and the birth of the modern environmental movement.
研究领域:
环境史
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科学与社会
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视觉文化
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科学史
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媒体研究
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DOI
高影响因子
History Compass
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2011
·Vol. 9
·期 12
·923-951
·
IF 0
Justin Stearns
In recent years, the subject of science in the Muslim World in the pre-modern period has largely been discussed in the context of two master narratives: (1) how and to what extent did Muslim scholarship influence European intellectual history, and (2) the nature of the decline of science and intellectual life in general in the Muslim world during the Late Medieval and Early Modern periods. This essay moves beyond these two narratives by first summarizing the history of European studies of science in the Muslim world. It then draws upon recent developments in Europeanist history of science and outstanding work by historians of Islamicate science to stress the importance of avoiding Whiggish readings of the history of the natural sciences in the Muslim world as well as the necessity for situating the same sciences in relation to developments in theology, jurisprudence, philosophy, and mysticism.
研究领域:
科学史
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伊斯兰研究
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思想史
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宗教研究
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中世纪与近代早期研究
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ANNALS OF SCIENCE
·
2010
·
IF 0.459
Gerard L'E. Turner
The concept of a technical frontier in branches of experimental measurement, such as the resolution of the microscope, angular measure and time telling, has been around for more than 60 years. The purpose of this brief paper is to identify the technical frontier operating on the achromatic astronomical telescope, where a limiting factor of the resolution of fine detail was the quality of the optical glass available. The achromatically corrected objective is formed from two kinds of glass, the common crown glass and the heavy clear flint glass or lead glass. This last was difficult to make homogeneous, that is without regions of different density, and therefore different refraction and dispersion. Unusually, optical glass had to pass a second frontier, this time placed on the whole glass industry by the English Government in the form of excise duty, administered with a bureaucratic efficiency that effectively stopped, in around 1800, the making of optical glass suitable for the serious astronomical telescopes. The result of the tax imposition was to delay the English production of improved optical glass for more than 80 years.
研究领域:
科学史
·
光学
·
工业史
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天文仪器技术
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经济政策与技术
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）