Multifunctional surface that is favorable for both fog capture and removal is highly desirable for atmospheric fog harvesting application, but still remain a great challenge. Herein, a porous structure with liquid-repellent surface via chemical corrosion and low surface energy modification method is reported for high-performance fog harvesting. Benefiting from the structural confinement effect, flapping tiny fogs can not only contact the limited external surface of materials, but also enter the internal space, thus greatly enhancing the capture probability after kinetic energy loss of fog, rather than easily bounding back and escape from material surface. Accompanying with the liquid-repellent property of surface, nucleation enhancement without compromising liquid transport can be achieved, and resulting in a high fog harvesting rate approximately 3.15 g cm −2 h −1 , outperforming most related fog harvesting systems. With the high efficiency, controllability and simplicity, we believe that the proposed strategy to develop porous structure with liquid-repellent surface can provide a new avenue for high-performance fog harvesting materials design.
Ya Yang,Suyan Zhai,Chao Liu,Xiaoshu Wang,Yifeng Tu
An ultrasensitive disposable immunosensor based on a gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)/indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate has been constructed to detect ketamine (KET) conveniently. In this study, we obtained a AuNPs/ITO basic electrode by only a two-step ecofriendly drip-coating procedure. The self-assembled monolayers of AuNPs were used as a hetero-bifunctional cross-linker and activator, respectively. Ketamine antibody was used as a biorecognition determinant and immobilized onto the AuNPs/ITO through electrostatic interaction or Au–S or Au–N bonds. The architectures of AuNPs/ITO were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy mainly. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was used to monitor the specific immune response between the antigen and antibody by measuring changes of intensity in the process of ECL. When the immune complex was incubated on the electrode, it blocked the electron communication and mass transfer, and the ECL signal was quenched. According to the quenched ECL signal, the quantification of KET can be realized. Under optimal conditions, the immunoassay showed a linear range from 10 to 100 pg/g. The low detection limit is 5.73 pg/g. The sensor has been applied to detect ketamine in human hair successfully. In addition, the immunosensor has excellent selectivity, outstanding reproducibility, and acceptable stability. What’s more, the immunosensor exhibits low-cost, simplicity, small sample consumption, and easy miniaturization, which allows it to be integrated into portable platforms to be utilized on the site of crime easily.
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