Ningbo Wang,Yinan Wang,Rongrong Zhang,Aili Sun,Yin Lu,Zeming Zhang,Xizhi Shi
Triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) as a new organophosphorus flame retardant is extensively used in the industrial and pharmaceutical fields due to its chemical stability and abundance. In marine environments, TPPO accumulates as a result of natural ecological processes. This study aimed to evaluate the accumulation process and toxicological effects of TPPO utilizing mussels ( Mytilus coruscus ), a species traditionally employed in marine monitoring and commonly cultivated in offshore aquaculture. GC–MS/MS was employed to quantify the accumulation of TPPO in the gill, gonad, muscle, and digestive gland tissues of mussels exposed to three sublethal concentrations (20.0, 100.0, and 500.0 μg/L) over durations of 3, 7, 14, and 28 days, as well as the examining of the chemical and molecular parameters. Results showed that the accumulation of TPPO (100.0 and 500.0 μg/L) increased throughout the 28 d of exposure, and the peak accumulation of 20.0 μg/L TPPO was detected on 14 d. Short-term TPPO exposure did not cause oxidative stress in mussels. Chronic exposure for 28 days resulted in significant oxidative damage and oxidative stress in mussels, as evidenced by elevated expression and activity of SOD, increased levels of glutathione and malondialdehyde, and upregulation of HSP70 and HSP90, metallothionein, and CYP4Y1, alongside the initiation of apoptotic cell death. TPPO exposure activated natural immune genes and disrupted lipid metabolism in mussels. This study demonstrated the persistent accumulation of TPPO in mussels, highlighting its ecotoxicological hazards and underscoring the necessity to predict the risks associated with widespread environmental exposure to TPPO.
The reduced initial stability of orthopedic implants in osteoporotic bone matrices, coupled with excessive M1 macrophage polarization at bone-implant interfaces, disrupt bone–immune homeostasis and vascularization, ultimately leading to implant loosening or failure. Inspired by the marine mussel Mytilus edulis foot protein (Mefp), a pH-responsive multifunctional bone glue (YDC-Gel-Zn) with broad-spectrum adhesion capabilities is developed for osteoporotic bone-implant integration. This pseudo-Mefp bioglue enables dual-interface adhesion via catechol-rich sequences that mediate stable metal-phenolic coordination with metallic implants and hydrogen-bonded/Michael addition-driven interactions with the bone matrix, thereby improving initial implant fixation. Under osteoporotic inflammatory microenvironments, sequential dissociation of borate ester bonds and metal‒phenolic coordination facilitates the controlled release of Zn 2 ⁺ and proangiogenic/osteogenic peptides (YDC). The released Zn 2 ⁺ remodels glutathione metabolism through glutathione S-transferase (GST)-mediated regulation of glutathione (GSH) levels, inhibits JAK1/STAT1/NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and suppresses the release of proinflammatory cytokines from senescent M1 macrophages, recalibrating the osteo-vascular-immune microenvironment. Due to its positive effects on bone regeneration and angiogenesis, the bioinspired bone bioglue demonstrated a 194% increase in fixation strength in osteoporotic rat models, achieving 93% healthy bone-implant stability. Overall, this study provides a clinically translatable strategy for stable implantation under osteoporotic conditions through synergistic mechanical adaptation, bioactivity regulation, and smart environmental responsiveness.
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