Toxins
·
2024
·Vol. 17
·期 1
·11
·
IF 3.9
Hui-Qin Pan,Rui Feng,Yan-Nan Tan,Xiao-Ya Qin,Yi-Min Cao,Xiu-Hong Mao,Qing Hu,Heng Zhou
Puberulic acid (PA) is a mycotoxin produced by a species ofPenicillium. It has received widespread attention as a significant contributor to the reported fatalities associated with red yeast rice dietary supplements. However, the detection of PA, especially at low concentration levels, poses a considerable challenge, with no detection methods reported thus far. Here, we present a simple and sensitive derivatization-based LC-MS/MS method, requiring no purification processes, for determination of PA in the red yeast rice. The methylating derivatization with trimethylsilyldiazomethane (TMSCHN2) was performed to enhance its analytical performance. To achieve optimal detection sensitivity, the amount of solvent and TMSCHN2for the derivatization reaction, along with the reaction time, were individually optimized. Moreover, sample extraction solvent was carefully chosen to improve recoveries in real sample analyses. Comparatively, the proposed LC-MS/MS method achieved a superior detection sensitivity, over 100-fold higher than that of the liquid chromatography method. A good linear relationship within the concentration range of 5 ng/mL to 200 ng/mL (with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.99952) was demonstrated by the method validation. The average recovery rate was between 82.2% and 84.2%, and the repeatability (RSD of 2.1% to 10.4%, n = 6) was satisfactory. The derivatized PA remained stable within 48 h. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification could reach 2 μg/kg and 50 μg/kg, respectively. As a result, the method was successfully applied to detect PA in over 42 batches of the red yeast rice samples. It indicated a low risk of PA contaminations in the red yeast rice products made in China. Furthermore, its application to the other health food products containing red yeast rice demonstrated the applicability of the established method.
研究领域:
食品科学
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分析化学
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毒理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
·
2020
·Vol. 129
·期 5
·1410-1418
·
IF 3.066
Li Z.,Liu Y.,Li Y.,Lin F.,Wu L.
AimsRed yeast rice (RYR), produced by inoculating Monascus strains to steamed rice, contains many kinds of physiologically bioactive compounds, among which monacolin K can be used as an antihypercholesterolaemic agent. However, RYR can be polluted by the mycotoxin citrinin, which has nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic activities. To avoid the risk of citrinin contamination in Monascus fermented products, it is important to screen for Monascus strains that produce no or low citrinin.Methods and ResultsFive autochthonous Monascus strains with high‐yield monacolin K and undetectable citrinin were obtained using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All five strains were identified as Monascus ruber based on Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition criteria. Polymerase chain reaction revealed that citrinin polyketide synthase (pksCT) gene was found in these strains, but transcriptional regulator (ctnA) was not found.ConclusionsFive strains are potential strains for producing high‐quality RYR. The distribution of the pksCT gene was not restricted to Monascus purpureus and Monascus sanguineus, and M. ruber strains were diverse in pksCT and ctnA genes.Significance and Impact of the StudyThe integration of citrinin HPLC analysis and pksCT and ctnA genes amplification could provide a complementary approach in valuable Monascus strains screening.
研究领域:
微生物学
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食品科学
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分子生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 3.9
Shuo Jiang,Siyuan Yuan,Youming Zuo,Tian Liu,Yufeng Zhou,Dianxing Wu,Qihe Chen,Xiaoli Shu
Rice high in resistant starch (RS) showed great benefits in preventing diabetes. Red mold rice (RMR) is a traditionally functional food in China, preparing RMR with high-RS rice might produce a novel RMR with better nutrients and promote the utilization of high-RS rice in the food industry. R4 with the highest RS content was the most prone to be fermented by Monascus . After fermentation, the total starch and protein contents were significantly decreased, while the RS, lipid, free glucan, total free amino acids (FAAs), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) contents were remarkably increased. Concurrently, the phenolic content and antioxidation activity were enhanced greatly. The individual phenolic acids such as ferulic acid showed significantly positive correlations with the antioxidant activity. Besides the abundant lipids, FAAs, GABA, and strong antioxidant capacity, fermented R4 had the highest ferulic acid content. This study provided alternatives for producing novel RMR and widened applications of high-RS rice in innovative functional foods.
研究领域:
食品科学
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微生物学
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营养学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Nutrients
·
2023
·Vol. 15
·期 4
·973
·
IF 5.9
Haiyan Zhou,Wenjing Liu,Yiqian Lv,Ke Liu,Yin Wang,Shuangli Meng,Tong Kang,Yuechao Bao,Huicui Meng
We aimed to examine the effect of natto and red yeast rice (NR) supplementation on lipid and lipoprotein profiles, gene expressions of cholesterol metabolism, and the composition of gut microbiota in ApoE-/-mice. Forty-one male ApoE-/-mice aged 7–8 wks old were randomly fed a control diet (CD), CD + NR (oral gavage at 0.3 g/kg BW/day), high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFD), or HFD + NR for 12 wks. Fasting blood samples, liver and intestine tissues and fecal samples were collected at week 12. Biochemical parameters, gene expressions in cholesterol metabolism and gut microbiota composition and diversity were measured using standard methods. NR supplementation had no significant effect on lipid and lipoprotein profiles. Compared with the HFD group, HFD + NR resulted in higher mRNA expressions of HMGCR and CYP7A1 (bothP-NR< 0.05) and ABCA1 (P-diet*NR= 0.0134,P-NR= 0.0407), lower mRNA expression of PCSK9 (P-diet*NR= 0.0002), lower fasting glucose concentrations (P-diet*NR= 0.0011), and lower relative abundance of generaBacteroidesandLactococcus(bothP-NR< 0.01) andCoriobacteriaceae_UCG-002(P-diet*NR= 0.0007). The relative abundance ofLactococcuswas inversely correlated with HMGCR and CYP7A1, and the relative abundance ofCoriobacteriaceae_UCG-002was positively correlated with PCSK9 and inversely correlated with ABCA1 (allP< 0.05). These findings suggest that NR supplementation may regulate gene expressions in cholesterol metabolism via changes in the gut microbiota in HFD-fed ApoE-/-mice.Keywords:natto;red yeast rice;gene expression;cholesterol metabolism;gut microbiota
研究领域:
营养学
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分子生物学
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胃肠病学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Foods
·
2024
·Vol. 13
·期 10
·1573
·
IF 4.7
Shufen Wu,Changyan Dong,Meihui Zhang,Yi Cheng,Xiaobo Cao,Benxu Yang,Chao Li,Xin Peng
Red yeast rice dietary supplements have been proven to ameliorate hyperglycemia, but the mechanism was unclear. In this work, ankaflavin (AK) and monascin (MS), as typical pigments derived from red yeast rice, were found to exert noteworthy inhibitory ability against α-glucosidase, with an IC50of 126.5 ± 2.5 and 302.6 ± 2.5 μM, respectively, compared with acarbose (IC50= 341.3 ± 13.6 μM). They also exhibited mixed-type inhibition of α-glucosidase in vitro and caused fluorescence quenching through the static-quenching process. Molecular-docking studies indicated that AK and MS bind to amino acid residues outside the catalytic center, which induces structural changes in the enzyme, thus influencing its catalytic activity. The anti-glycation ability ofMonascus-fermented products was evaluated, and they exhibited a high inhibition rate of 87.1% in fluorescent advanced glycation end-product formation at a concentration of 0.2 mg mL−1, while aminoguanidine showed a rate of 75.7% at the same concentration. These results will be significant in broadening the application scope ofMonascuspigments, especially AK and MS, in treating type 2 diabetes.
研究领域:
药理学
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营养学
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糖尿病研究
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2019
·Vol. 67
·期 2
·273-286
·
IF 1.559
Jia Luo,Qiang Sun,Zubing Ma,Jiawen Song,Chunjie Wu,Xiaofang Li
Red yeast rice (RYRP) has been utilized for coloring food, brewing wine, and preserving meat, which is also used as a folk medicine for centuries. In this study, a water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide from RYRP was extracted by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction method. By using the Box–Behnken design to optimize the parameters for extracting the RYRP, the maximum extraction yield (3.37 ± 0.78%) was obtained under the optimal extraction conditions as follows: ratio of water to raw material (40 mL/g), extraction temperature (62 °C), extraction time (75 Min), and ultrasonic power (200 W). Moreover, monosaccharide composition analysis showed that RYRP was consisted of mannose, glucosamine, glucose, and galactose with a molar ratio of 0.152:0.015:1:0.149. The molecular weight distribution analysis showed that the average molecular weight of the RYRP fraction was about 3.49 × 10 3 Da. Furthermore, RYRP exhibited significant antioxidant activities in vitro and the gastrointestinal-protective effect in vivo using gastrointestinal disorders model mice. RYRP could be explored as a potential source in the pharmaceutical and functional food industries.
研究领域:
食品科学
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生物化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Fermentation-Basel
·
2024
·Vol. 10
·期 10
·494
·
IF 3.3
Mengze Wang,Yuxin Liu,Xing Guo,Yuping Ding,Dejiang Liu
Hongqurice wine is a traditional Chinese yellow wine produced from a single ingredient. To enhance the competitiveness of the product and better adapt to market development trends, the development of a complexedHongqurice wine using a variety of ingredients is necessary to enhance the nutritional value of the product and diversify its flavor. This study explored production technology for the development of a complexedHongqurice wine using kiwiberry as the raw material. The mixed fermentation process was optimized using single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions were a juice addition time of 93 h, a fermentation temperature of 31 °C, and a juice addition amount of 75 g/100 g. Under these conditions, the complexedHongqurice wine had an alcohol content of 8.7% vol, a total phenolic content of 0.42 mg GAE/mL, and a total flavonoid content of 0.32 mg CE/mL. In total, 27 metabolites were identified. The relative levels of 15 metabolites, including quercetin-3-glucoside and rutin, increased significantly after the adding of the kiwiberry (VIP > 1.0,p< 0.05, FC > 2). Antioxidant activity experiments showed that theHongqurice wine had notable antioxidant capacity and that adding the kiwiberry significantly enhanced this capacity. Additionally, the complexedHongqurice wine exhibited hypoglycemic and bile acid-binding properties. It achieved 78.68 ± 0.44% inhibition of α-amylase and 58.02 ± 0.50% inhibition of α-glucosidase. The binding activities with sodium glycocholate, sodium cholate, and sodium taurocholate were 40.25 ± 0.64%, 49.08 ± 1.05%, and 60.58 ± 0.80%, respectively. Consequently, a complexedHongqurice wine rich in quercetin-3-glucoside and rutin, with notable antioxidant activities, was developed. This wine has potential applications in functional food development.
研究领域:
食品科学
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饮料技术
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营养学
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药理学
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代谢组学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Foods
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 16
·2765
·
IF 5.1
Furong Xue,Renqin Zhu,Jiaxing Li,Zheng Liu,Lidan Niu,Wei Chen,Chengtao Wang,Jie Zheng
The increasing global prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA), particularly among younger populations, underscores the urgent need for safe and effective dietary interventions.Monascusfungi, long utilized in East Asian food culture, ferment rice to produce red yeast rice (RYR), a functional food rich in monacolin K and Monascus pigments. Among these,Monascusyellow pigments (MYPs)—natural azaphilone compounds used as food additives and colorants—have shown antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory activities. However, their potential to alleviate hyperuricemia remains unexplored. This study investigates the urate-lowering and organ-protective effects of MYPs through a combination of in vitro, in vivo, and gut microbiota analyses. MYPs exhibited significant xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitory activity, and molecular docking confirmed that monascin (MS) and ankaflavin (AK) competitively bind to the XOD active site. In a murine HUA model, MYPs significantly reduced serum uric acid (SUA) levels without causing hepatic or renal toxicity. Mechanistically, MYPs downregulated renal UA reabsorption transporters (URAT1, GLUT9) and upregulated the excretory transporter ABCG2, enhancing uric acid (UA) excretion. These findings highlight MYPs as promising food-derived bioactives with dual XOD inhibition and uricosuric effects, offering a novel nutraceutical strategy for hyperuricemia prevention and management.
研究领域:
食品科学
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生物化学
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药理学
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营养学
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分子生物学
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微生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
·
2019
·
IF 3.858
Run-Zhou Liu,Rui Wang,Hai-Ming An,Xin-Guang Liu,Chao-Ran Li,Ping Li,Hua Yang
Cell membrane chromatography (CMC) is a bioaffinity chromatographic method used to screen active compounds from natural products. However, since the receptor capacity of CMC column is limited, high content/affinity compounds may cause column overloading and thus lead to ignorance of other positive candidates. For avoiding this effect and comprehensively discovering bioactive components, a strategy based on two-dimensional CMC and component-knockout approach was proposed. As an illustrative case study, red yeast rice (RYR), a rice product with good myocardial protective effect in clinical studies, was selected as the model experimental sample. For discovering its potential cardioprotective compounds, a CMC model with H9c2 rat cardiac myoblasts (H9c2/CMC) with good selectivity, stability and reproducibility was established. By using two-dimensional H9c2/CMC-HPLC coupled with QTOF MS system, three components were firstly screened out. After knocking out high content/affinity compound, another four bioactive compounds were then found. By this two-round screening, column overloading caused by high concentration or infinity compounds was avoided, and trace compounds were enriched. As a result, one pigment and six monacolins from RYR were fished out. The results indicate the proposed strategy might be used to discover active compounds from complex matrix.
研究领域:
药理学
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分析化学
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生物技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 6
Jinlan Nie,Lei Wang,Jiachao Xu,Xin Gao,Simon F.R. Hinkley,Xiaoting Fu
This study evaluated the efficacy of fermentation on Saccharina japonica (SJ). Changes of fucoidan, heavy metals, iodine and flavor profiles of fermented SJ (FSJ) were determined. Results showed that fermentation decreased the yield and molecular weight of fucoidan and increased the levels of phenolic compounds. The antioxidant activity of fucoidan also increased. It is notable that the fermentation process resulted in a significant reduction of iodine, plumbum, chromium and cadmium. The flavor properties of SJ during the fermentation process were evaluated. A total of 44 volatile compounds were identified which were correlated with the odor attributes of FSJ. FSJ fermented for five days (FSJ-5) showed the highest overall score for desirable aroma properties dominated by “fruity” and “sweet” odors. The results proved that fermentation is a promising methodology to improve the bioactivity, safety and flavor properties of SJ.
研究领域:
海洋生物学
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食品科学
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营养学
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生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
·
2021
·
IF 10.618
Chen Zong,Fan Jiang,Xiaoyu Wang,Ping Li,Linru Xu,Hua Yang
A novel chemiluminescence (CL) immunosensor array in combination with a dual-signal amplification strategy was developed for rapid and ultrasensitive detection of multiple mycotoxins in herbal medicine. The multi-component immunosensor array was constructed by immobilizing different bovine serum albumin combined mycotoxins on the corresponding sites of the aldehyde-modified glass slide. After competitive immunoreactions, CL triggered by signal tags captured on all the sensing sites can be collected by a charge-coupled device simultaneously for joint detection of several mycotoxins. By assembling a high ratio of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and IgG on the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), a biofunctionalized complex named [email protected] was prepared and served as the primary signal tag to amplify the CL signals. Then, by introducing tyramine signal amplification (TSA) technique, a new round of HRP could deposit around the [email protected] , which brought the secondary CL amplification. As a proof of concept , the CL imaging sensor array was applied to the trace detection of citrinin , aflatoxin B 1 and ochratoxins A in red yeast rice samples. Under optimal conditions, it exhibited wide linear ranges over 4 orders of magnitude and much lower limits of detection than previous works. Owing to the excellent sensitivity (50–57-fold signal amplification and detection limits down to sub-pM level), acceptable throughput (20 tests h −1 ), small amounts of reagents (3.5 μL for each test), simple sample pretreatment (no necessary of separation for 3 mycotoxins), high selectivity , acceptable stability and accuracy, the proposed sensing platform showed broad prospects in the joint monitoring of low-abundant mycotoxins and safety evaluation of herbal medicines.
研究领域:
分析化学
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生物技术
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食品科学
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毒理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Food & Function
·
2022
·Vol. 13
·期 12
·6583-6595
·
IF 6.317
Yaping Huang,Ping Li,Zhengang Li,Dongdong Zhu,Yufei Fan,Xiaoyi Wang,Chumin Zhao,Jingbo Jiao,Xinjun Du,Shuo Wang
Inflammation and oxidative stress play key roles in the aging process, while red yeast rice (RYR), a traditional Chinese fermented food, has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. To understand the anti-aging function of RYR in vivo, this study established a D-galactose-induced aging mouse model to verify the positive effects of RYR dietary intervention on aging and explore the related underlying mechanism. Eight weeks of RYR dietary intervention was shown to have a significant inhibitory effect on cognitive decline and hippocampal damage. The molecular mechanistic studies showed that the anti-aging effects of RYR were achieved by (i) improving the oxidative stress-related damage (increasing SOD, CAT, and GSH, and reducing MDA), (ii) regulating the NF-κB inflammation pathway induced by oxidative stress (decreasing the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, iNOs, and IL-1β, increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and decreasing the expression of the NF-κB protein), (iii) slowing down apoptosis caused by oxidative stress (reducing the expression of P21 and P53), (iv) restoring the abundance of Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae downregulated by D-galactose, and (v) reducing the abundance of Akkermansia and Helicobacter enriched by D-galactose. Mass spectrometry revealed orange pigments (rubropunctatin and monascorubrin) as the main antioxidant components in RYR, which might play key roles in aging inhibition. This study provides theoretical support for the wide application of orange pigments as an antioxidant dietary supplement.
研究领域:
老年学
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药理学
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微生物学
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分子生物学
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营养学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）