Toxins
·
2024
·Vol. 17
·期 1
·11
·
IF 3.9
Hui-Qin Pan,Rui Feng,Yan-Nan Tan,Xiao-Ya Qin,Yi-Min Cao,Xiu-Hong Mao,Qing Hu,Heng Zhou
Puberulic acid (PA) is a mycotoxin produced by a species ofPenicillium. It has received widespread attention as a significant contributor to the reported fatalities associated with red yeast rice dietary supplements. However, the detection of PA, especially at low concentration levels, poses a considerable challenge, with no detection methods reported thus far. Here, we present a simple and sensitive derivatization-based LC-MS/MS method, requiring no purification processes, for determination of PA in the red yeast rice. The methylating derivatization with trimethylsilyldiazomethane (TMSCHN2) was performed to enhance its analytical performance. To achieve optimal detection sensitivity, the amount of solvent and TMSCHN2for the derivatization reaction, along with the reaction time, were individually optimized. Moreover, sample extraction solvent was carefully chosen to improve recoveries in real sample analyses. Comparatively, the proposed LC-MS/MS method achieved a superior detection sensitivity, over 100-fold higher than that of the liquid chromatography method. A good linear relationship within the concentration range of 5 ng/mL to 200 ng/mL (with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.99952) was demonstrated by the method validation. The average recovery rate was between 82.2% and 84.2%, and the repeatability (RSD of 2.1% to 10.4%, n = 6) was satisfactory. The derivatized PA remained stable within 48 h. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification could reach 2 μg/kg and 50 μg/kg, respectively. As a result, the method was successfully applied to detect PA in over 42 batches of the red yeast rice samples. It indicated a low risk of PA contaminations in the red yeast rice products made in China. Furthermore, its application to the other health food products containing red yeast rice demonstrated the applicability of the established method.
研究领域:
食品科学
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分析化学
·
毒理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Foods
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 5
·835
·
IF 5.1
Chuling Liu,Li Cheng,Mingtian Yang,Zhengli He,Yanan Jia,Li Xu,Yuansong Zhang
Monascusis a fungus widely used in food fermentation. This study employed microbial technology, combined with microscopic morphological observations and ITS sequence analysis, to isolate, purify, and identify 10 strains of red yeast mold from variousMonascusproducts. After the HPLC detection of metabolic products, the M8 strain containing the toxic substance citrinin was excluded. Using the EWM-TOPSIS model, the remaining nine safeMonascusstrains were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against pancreatic lipase, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and the angiotensin-converting enzyme. The M2 strain with the highest comprehensive scores for lowering blood sugar, blood lipids, and blood pressure was selected. Its fermentation product at a concentration of 3 mg/mL had inhibition rates of 96.938%, 81.903%, and 72.215%, respectively. The contents of the blood lipid-lowering active substance Monacolin K and the blood sugar and blood pressure-lowering active substance GABA were 18.078 mg/g and 5.137 mg/g, respectively. This strain can be utilized for the biosynthesis of important active substances such as Monacolin K and GABA, as well as for the fermentation production of safe and effective functional foods to address health issues like high blood lipids, high blood sugar, and high blood pressure in people. This study also provides insights into the use of natural fungi to produce healthy foods for combating chronic diseases in humans.
研究领域:
微生物学
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食品科学
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药理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CONTROL
·
2021
·
IF 5.548
Yaqi Hou,Jiao Liu,Yanchun Shao,Xitian Peng,Dawen Zhang,Lifang Hu,Fusheng Chen,Youxiang Zhou
Modified mycotoxins can cause an underestimation of exposure risk due to their untraceable characteristics. Hongqu , a traditional Chinese fermented product, is widely used as food colorants , fermenters and functional foods for about 2000 years. Though there were several methods to reduce citrinin (CIT) content in Hongqu , the risk assessment and prevention of modified CIT remain inadequate, causing potential risk to human health. The current study firstly identified the occurrence of modified CIT in Hongqu via acid, alkaline and enzyme hydrolysis combined with chromatographic and mass spectrometric approaches. Then 8 Hongqu samples and 5 Monascus products were treated using the optimized acid hydrolysis method and analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector. The results showed that CIT content in the CIT positive Hongqu increased by 35.28%–458.13% after acid hydrolysis, demonstrating there could be a underestimation risk in the CIT positive Hongqu samples, and the modification of CIT might not be chemical modified, but matrix associated.
研究领域:
食品安全
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微生物学
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毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Foods
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 11
·1894
·
IF 5.1
Xiaomin Chen,Yao Hu,Zhen Zeng,Xu Zhang,Yahui Huang
As a potential raw material with a variety of bioactive compounds, Pu-erh raw tea can produce rich flavor and health benefits through natural fermentation or microbial fermentation in traditional processing. However, the traditional fermentation process has some problems such as a long fermentation period and unstable quality. Monascus, a kind of fungus used in both medicine and food, has been proved to have many beneficial effects such as lowering cholesterol and regulating blood lipids. Therefore, in this study we investigated whether the fermentation of mixed monascus could significantly improve the flavor quality and lipid-lowering activity of Pu-erh raw tea. We added four kinds of monascus to unfermented Pu-erh raw tea (UT) to obtain a fermented Pu-erh raw tea (FT). The quality of the two tea samples was determined and an in vitro lipid-lowering experiment was conducted. The results show that the contents of water extractives, flavone, trans-catechins (GCG and CG), theabrownins, and caffeine in FT are significantly higher than those in UT, increasing by 19.41%, 14.47%, 18.76%, 29.82%, and 10.67%, respectively. In terms of aroma, linalool was the characteristic compound of UT, presenting a floral note. D-Limonene was the key characteristic substance of FT, manifested as lemon, toast, and wood. In terms of taste, FT has a high content of bitter amino acids and caffeine, a low content of catechins, and is rich in carbohydrate substances, forming a characteristic mild and mellow slightly bitter taste with reduced astringency. In addition, the relative contents of active substances with lipid-lowering effects such as quercetin, quercitrin, ascorbic acid, and sorbitol in FT were higher than those in UT, increasing by 83.09%, 81.73%, 89.86%, and 92.76%, respectively. The effect of FT on regulating cellular lipid metabolism was superior to UT based on cell experiments. The research results provide a scientific basis for the deep processing and functional development of Pu-erh raw tea.
研究领域:
食品科学
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微生物学
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生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
·
2020
·Vol. 129
·期 5
·1410-1418
·
IF 3.066
Li Z.,Liu Y.,Li Y.,Lin F.,Wu L.
AimsRed yeast rice (RYR), produced by inoculating Monascus strains to steamed rice, contains many kinds of physiologically bioactive compounds, among which monacolin K can be used as an antihypercholesterolaemic agent. However, RYR can be polluted by the mycotoxin citrinin, which has nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic activities. To avoid the risk of citrinin contamination in Monascus fermented products, it is important to screen for Monascus strains that produce no or low citrinin.Methods and ResultsFive autochthonous Monascus strains with high‐yield monacolin K and undetectable citrinin were obtained using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All five strains were identified as Monascus ruber based on Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition criteria. Polymerase chain reaction revealed that citrinin polyketide synthase (pksCT) gene was found in these strains, but transcriptional regulator (ctnA) was not found.ConclusionsFive strains are potential strains for producing high‐quality RYR. The distribution of the pksCT gene was not restricted to Monascus purpureus and Monascus sanguineus, and M. ruber strains were diverse in pksCT and ctnA genes.Significance and Impact of the StudyThe integration of citrinin HPLC analysis and pksCT and ctnA genes amplification could provide a complementary approach in valuable Monascus strains screening.
研究领域:
微生物学
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食品科学
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分子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 3.9
Shuo Jiang,Siyuan Yuan,Youming Zuo,Tian Liu,Yufeng Zhou,Dianxing Wu,Qihe Chen,Xiaoli Shu
Rice high in resistant starch (RS) showed great benefits in preventing diabetes. Red mold rice (RMR) is a traditionally functional food in China, preparing RMR with high-RS rice might produce a novel RMR with better nutrients and promote the utilization of high-RS rice in the food industry. R4 with the highest RS content was the most prone to be fermented by Monascus . After fermentation, the total starch and protein contents were significantly decreased, while the RS, lipid, free glucan, total free amino acids (FAAs), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) contents were remarkably increased. Concurrently, the phenolic content and antioxidation activity were enhanced greatly. The individual phenolic acids such as ferulic acid showed significantly positive correlations with the antioxidant activity. Besides the abundant lipids, FAAs, GABA, and strong antioxidant capacity, fermented R4 had the highest ferulic acid content. This study provided alternatives for producing novel RMR and widened applications of high-RS rice in innovative functional foods.
研究领域:
食品科学
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微生物学
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营养学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Nutrients
·
2023
·Vol. 15
·期 4
·973
·
IF 5.9
Haiyan Zhou,Wenjing Liu,Yiqian Lv,Ke Liu,Yin Wang,Shuangli Meng,Tong Kang,Yuechao Bao,Huicui Meng
We aimed to examine the effect of natto and red yeast rice (NR) supplementation on lipid and lipoprotein profiles, gene expressions of cholesterol metabolism, and the composition of gut microbiota in ApoE-/-mice. Forty-one male ApoE-/-mice aged 7–8 wks old were randomly fed a control diet (CD), CD + NR (oral gavage at 0.3 g/kg BW/day), high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFD), or HFD + NR for 12 wks. Fasting blood samples, liver and intestine tissues and fecal samples were collected at week 12. Biochemical parameters, gene expressions in cholesterol metabolism and gut microbiota composition and diversity were measured using standard methods. NR supplementation had no significant effect on lipid and lipoprotein profiles. Compared with the HFD group, HFD + NR resulted in higher mRNA expressions of HMGCR and CYP7A1 (bothP-NR< 0.05) and ABCA1 (P-diet*NR= 0.0134,P-NR= 0.0407), lower mRNA expression of PCSK9 (P-diet*NR= 0.0002), lower fasting glucose concentrations (P-diet*NR= 0.0011), and lower relative abundance of generaBacteroidesandLactococcus(bothP-NR< 0.01) andCoriobacteriaceae_UCG-002(P-diet*NR= 0.0007). The relative abundance ofLactococcuswas inversely correlated with HMGCR and CYP7A1, and the relative abundance ofCoriobacteriaceae_UCG-002was positively correlated with PCSK9 and inversely correlated with ABCA1 (allP< 0.05). These findings suggest that NR supplementation may regulate gene expressions in cholesterol metabolism via changes in the gut microbiota in HFD-fed ApoE-/-mice.Keywords:natto;red yeast rice;gene expression;cholesterol metabolism;gut microbiota
研究领域:
营养学
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分子生物学
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胃肠病学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Membranes
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 7
·688
·
IF 4.2
Jingyi Liang,Hansheng Huang,Hao Zhang,Yanhui Wu,Yongbing Zhuang
To explore the application of forward osmosis (FO) technology in the organic solvent recovery field, we prepared a new solvent-resistant triple layer thin film composite (TFC) membrane on the PI (polyimide) substrate. The deep eutectic supramolecular polymers (DESPs) interlayer was constructed on the substrate to improve the separation performance and solvent resistance. DESPs interlayer was formed by mixing and heating with cyclodextrin as the hydrogen bond acceptor andL-malic acid as the hydrogen bond donor. The chemical changes, surface property and morphology of the composite membrane with DESPs interlayer were characterized. The separation performance and stability of the triple layer composite membrane in organic solvent FO were studied. For the monascorubrin-ethanol system, the permeation flux of TFC/DESPs5-PI membrane could reach 9.51 LMH while the rejection rate of monascorubrin was 98.4% (1.0 M LiCl/ethanol as draw solution), which was better than the pristine membrane. Therefore, this solvent-resistant triple layer composite FO membrane has good potential for the recovery of organic solvents.Keywords:organic solvent forward osmosis;composite membrane;interlayer;ethanol;monascorubrin
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
·
2018
·
IF 2.88
Zhen Cheng,Lingling Du,Panpan Zhu,Qian Chen,Kejun Tan
Because of the serious harm to animals and the environment associated with perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a rapid, sensitive and low-cost method for detecting PFOS and PFOA is of great importance. In this paper, a novel sensing method has been proposed for the highly sensitive detection of PFOS and PFOA in environmental water samples based on the “turn-on” switch of erythrosine B (EB)-hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) system. In pH 8.55 Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer, EB can react with CTAB by electrostatic attraction, resulting in a strong fluorescence quenching of EB. With a subsequent addition of the CTAB, a red-shift occurred (11 nm), followed by a significant increase in fluorescence at high surfactant concentrations. It was found that PFOS and PFOA can obviously enhance fluorescence intensity of EB-CTAB system. The enhanced fluorescence intensity is proportional to the concentration of PFOS and PFOA in the range of 0.05–10 μM with detection limit of 12.8 nM and 11.8 nM (3σ), respectively. The presented assay has been successfully applied to sensing PFOS and PFOA in real water samples with RSD ≤ 4.3% and 2.9%, respectively.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MOLECULES
·
2018
·Vol. 23
·期 12
·3242
·
IF 3.098
Hailing Tan,Ziyi Xing,Gong Chen,Xiaofei Tian,Zhenqiang Wu
YellowMonascuspigments can be of two kinds: Natural and reduced, in which natural yellowMonascuspigments (NYMPs) attract widespread attention for their bioactivities. In this study, the antioxidative and antibreast cancer effects of the water-soluble NYMPs fermented byMonascus ruberCGMCC 10910 were evaluated. Results showed that water-soluble NYMPs had a significantly improved antioxidative activities compared to the reduced yellowMonascuspigments (RYMPs) that were chemically derived from orange or redMonascuspigments. Furthermore, NYMPs exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibition activity on MCF-7 cell growth (p< 0.001). After a 48-h incubation, a 26.52% inhibition yield was determined with 32 μg/mL of NYMPs. NYMPs also significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of MCF-7 cells. Mechanisms of the activities were associated with a down-regulation of the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and vascular endothelial growth factor. Rather than being alternatively used as natural colorants or antioxidants, this work suggested that NYMPs could be selected as potential functional additives in further test of breast cancer prevention and adjuvant therapy.Keywords:natural yellowMonascuspigments;water-soluble;antioxidation;migration;invasion;MCF-7 cells
研究领域:
药理学
·
肿瘤学
·
生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·
IF 9.231
Jinlan Nie,Xiaoting Fu,Lei Wang,Jiachao Xu,Xin Gao
This study evaluated the efficacy of Monascus purpureus fermentation on Saccharina japonica (SJ). Healthy substances and antioxidant activity of fermented SJ (FSJ) were determined. Results showed that fermentation caused the release of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which resulted in the enhancement of antioxidant activity. Essential amino acids and γ-aminobutyric acid also greatly accumulated in FSJ. Sensory evaluation and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) were used to evaluate flavor properties of FSJ. A lexicon consisted of 24 descriptors was established for SJ and FSJ, of which 14 descriptors were regarded as odor attributes. A total of 46 volatile compounds were identified by GC-IMS and showed positive correlation with odor attributes. Fifteen volatile compounds were screened as key compounds, tricarboxylic acid cycle, embden-meyerhof-parnas and amino acid catabolism were main formation metabolisms of them. Advanced properties of FSJ indicated that fermentation is a promising approach for the production of SJ food.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Toxins
·
2019
·Vol. 11
·期 10
·605
·
IF 3.895
Erjing Chen,Ying Xu,Biao Ma,Haifeng Cui,Chuanxin Sun,Mingzhou Zhang
A fluorescent immunochromatographic test strip (FICTS) based on the use of europium nanoparticles (EuNPs) was developed and applied to detect citrinin (CIT) inMonascusfermented food. The sensitivity of the immunoassay to detect CIT was greatly improved by the use of a specific monoclonal antibody to attach EuNPs to form a probe. Under optimum conditions, the visual detection limit was 2.5 ng/mL, and the detection limit of the instrument was 0.05 ng/mL. According to the results, the IC50was 0.4 ng/mL. Matrix interference from variousMonascusfermented foods was investigated in food sample detection. The immunosensor also demonstrated high recoveries (86.8–113.0%) and low relative standard deviations (RSDs) (1.8–15.3%) when testing spikedMonascusfermented food. The detection results of this method showed a good correlation (R2> 0.98) with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the FICTS method could be used as a rapid, sensitive method to detect CIT inMonascusfermented food.Keywords:Citrinin;Fluorescent immunochromatographic assay;Europium nanoparticles;Monascusfermented foodKey Contribution:In this study, the developed FICTS method greatly improved the sensitivity of detecting CIT inMonascusfermented food.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
分析化学
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）