Polyphenols bound to insoluble fibre may scavenge reactive carbonyl species by surface chemical reactions. In the present study, this hypothesis was tested by investigating the ability of bound-polyphenol rich insoluble dietary fibre (BP-IDF) isolated from blackberry pomace, red cabbage, and wheat bran in scavenging carbonyl compounds. Three BP-IDF showed high scavenging efficacy for glyoxal, methylglyoxal, acrolein and malondialdehyde. Upon in vitro digestion, trapping capacity was retained by the insoluble fraction suggesting that carbonyl trapping activity and physiological relevance needs to be extended to undigestible materials. The removal of bound polyphenols from the polysaccharide backbones through alkaline and acidic treatment reduced by up to 90% of trapping capacity of BP-IDF. Moreover, methylglyoxal-polyphenol adducts were detected bound to blackberry pomace BP-IDF after hydrolysis. These findings demonstrated that polyphenols bound to IDF scavenged reactive carbonyl species and highlighted the physiological relevance of BP-IDF in limiting carbonyl stress along all the gastrointestinal tract.
Jian Gao,Bingbing Cheng,Yufeng Liu,Meng M. Li,Guangyong Zhao
Two consecutive experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with red cabbage extract (RCE) rich in anthocyanins on the nitrogen (N) metabolism in beef bulls and the nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from the soil applied with the urine of beef bulls. In Experiment 1, 8 Simmental beef bulls (body weight 387.9 ± 40.7 kg) were used as experimental animals . Two levels of RCE, i.e. 0 and 114 g dry matter per day, were supplemented to a basal ration as experimental treatments. The animals and the treatments were allocated in a 2 × 2 crossover design. In Experiment 2, the static incubation technique was used to determine the N 2 O-N emissions from the soil applied with the urine samples collected from Experiment 1. The results of Experiment 1 indicated that RCE supplementation did not affect the N excretion, N retention, and N retention rate in beef bulls ( P > 0.10). However, RCE supplementation increased the ratio of hippuric acid-N/urinary N ( P < 0.05) and tended to increase the ratio of creatinine-N/urinary N ( P = 0.081) without changing the excretion of other urinary nitrogenous components ( P > 0.10). Plasma metabolome analysis indicated that RCE supplementation upregulated 12 metabolites while downregulated 18 metabolites ( P < 0.05). The results of Experiment 2 indicated that RCE supplementation reduced the estimated urine N 2 O-N emissions by 33.1% through decreasing the ratio of N 2 O-N/urine-N ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, RCE supplementation did not affect the N retention and N excretion of beef bulls, whereas it attenuated the urine N 2 O-N emissions of beef bulls through increasing urinary hippuric acid excretions.
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