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CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles Coated with Mesoporous Silica and Loaded with Naringin and Levofloxacin for Repair of Infectious Bone Defects

Wei Xiong,Yuxiang Zhou,Xiaolin Shi,Chaoyi Liang,Wenfang Deng,Lingmei Yuan,Guowen Qian,Cijun Shuai,Zhikui Zeng

The treatment of infective bone defects remains a considerable challenge for orthopedic surgeons, primarily due to the complexities of infection control and the unsatisfactory healing of bone tissue. To solve this challenge, we have designed core/shell nanoparticles to loaded with antibacterial and osteogenic agents. Specifically, magnetocaloric CoFe2O4 (CF) nanoparticles loaded with naringin (NG) and coated with mesoporous silica (MS) were developed to construct NG-CF@MS nanoparticles. Subsequently, levofloxacin (LEV) was loaded into the MS coating, yielding NG-CF@MS-LEV nanoparticles capable of dual drug delivery. These nanoparticles were then incorporated into poly l-lactide (PLLA) powder to fabricate magnetically responsive scaffolds, which demonstrated enhanced osteogenesis and antibacterial activity under alternating magnetic field (AMF) conditions. Drug release studies showed a significant increase in NG and LEV release efficiency in the AMF setting, with a 337% increase in NG release and a 196% increase in LEV compared to non-AMF conditions. In vitro experiments further demonstrated that NG-CF@MS-LEV/PLLA scaffolds exhibited excellent osteogenic and antibacterial properties. Under the intervention of the AMF, the scaffolds displayed antibacterial rates of 98.67% and 99.38% against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Moreover, the scaffolds significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (mBMSCs), highlighting their potential as a promising therapeutic approach for repair of infected bone defects.