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Functionalized nanoporous TiO2 fibers on quartz crystal microbalance platform for formaldehyde sensor

Xianfeng Wang,Fuhai Cui,Jinyou Lin,Bin Ding,Jianyong Yu,Salem S. Al-Deyab

This paper describes the detection of formaldehyde through analyses of the resonance frequency signal from quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors coated with a novel organic–inorganic hybrid sensing coating. Nanoporous titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) fibers with high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area (68.72   m 2 /g) were fabricated by electrospinning a sol–gel titanium tetraisopropoxide (TIP)/polystyrene (PS) composite solution and following calcination process. Ethylene glycol (EG) dispersed TiO 2 nanofibers were drop casted onto the electrode of QCM, followed by the functionalization of the sensing polyethyleneimine (PEI) on the fibers. The nanoporous TiO 2 fibers covered with PEI layers worked as a highly sensitive sensing interface to provide output signal for weight changes during exposure to formaldehyde vapor. The developed formaldehyde-selective sensors exhibited rapid response and low detection limit (1   ppm) at room temperature . This is because the high specific surface area of the electrospun nanoporous TiO 2 fibers and efficient nucleophilic addition reaction between formaldehyde molecules and primary amine groups of PEI. Our new synthetic methodology promises to be a powerful approach to fabricating hybrid organic–inorganic nanostructures on QCM for gas sensing and chemical analysis.