Developing high-performance, wearable electronics that operate reliably in extreme environments is crucial for ensuring life safety, as well as for aerospace and industrial applications. However, existing sensing materials face a trade-off between mechanical performance and high-temperature robustness, limiting their performance gains and stability under heat. This study introduces a thermomechanically robust cellulosic triboelectric material with interfacial nano-bridging that forms a heat-conducting network. Heat-conducting nanosheets and nanotubes intertwine with cellulose through noncovalent interactions. A very small amount of carbon nanotubes (2 wt.%) acts as bridging segments that connect the heat-conducting nanosheets, forming a strong hydrogen-bond network with cellulose to resist energy dissipation during tensile loading. This yields both high mechanical strength (169 MPa) and high thermal conductivity (12.9 W m −1 K −1 ). The performance far exceeds that of most reported polymer composite sensing materials. As a result, self-powered devices based on triboelectric materials maintained stable operation at 230 °C, and achieved a high output power of 2.72 W m − 2 . When integrated into wearable self-powered sensing systems with machine learning, the system achieved a 97% accuracy in motion pose recognition. This work presents a strategy to balance the thermomechanical stability trade-off and provides a general design pathway for sensing materials suitable for complex operating conditions.
The design of a rapid, simple, and ultrasensitive detection platform of protein biomarkers has become an urgent need in early diagnosis and treatment. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology, with the unique advantages of ultra-sensitivity and fingerprint recognition, has attracted much attention in biomarker detection. An innovative aptamer SERS biosensor for highly sensitive protein biomarker detection was presented. This biosensor contains a SERS tag (reporter-labeled Au nano-bridged nanogaps particles, Au NNPs) and novel magnetic capture substrate (Ag-coated Fe 3 O 4 -Au NPs, Ag MNPs). C-reactive protein (CRP), a representative biomarker for diagnosing, was used to assess the SERS performance of this biosensor. Aptamers against CRP were modified on both SERS tag and magnetic capture substrate for specific recognition by Au NNPs-CRP-Ag MNPs sandwich assay. This strategy achieved sensitive detection of CRP with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 fM (1.14 pg/mL), and is much lower than reported analytical methods. Besides, this method exhibits excellent selectivity and specificity for CRP under the interference of other proteins and displays high accuracy in the detection of actual human serum samples. This proposed detection strategy can be extended to the sensitive detection of other biomarker proteins and hold great promise in the clinical diagnosis of diseases.
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