Environmental Science-Processes & Impacts
·
2025
·
IF 3.9
Zhe Shen,Kailou Liu,Jiwen Li,Nano Alemu Daba,Md Ashraful Alam,Kiya Adare Tadesse,Tianfu Han,Huimin Zhang
Lime and crop straw are widely applied to mitigate soil acidification and improve soil fertility. However, how different lime materials interact with straw to influence greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from acidic upland soils remains poorly understood. This study explored how different lime materials and their interaction with straw affect GHG emissions. Here, we conducted incubation experiments with acidic red soil to investigate the individual and combined effects of liming materials, including Ca(OH)2, CaO, and CaCO3, as well as rice straw addition on nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Our findings demonstrated that in the absence of straw, liming increased N2O emission by 20.3% (CaO) to 78.2% (Ca(OH)2). CaCO3 application raised CO2 emissions by 182.7%, while CaO and Ca(OH)2 decreased CO2 emissions by 37.3% and 43.2%, respectively. Adding straw alone enhanced N2O and CO2 emissions by 80.69% and 302.7%, respectively. When combined with straw, liming further increased N2O emissions by 85.0% to 140.1%, with Ca(OH)2 causing the highest emissions. CaCO3 increased CO2 emissions by 37.3% when combined with straw, whereas CaO and Ca(OH)2 reduced CO2 emissions by 31.6% and 32.2%, respectively. Straw addition significantly increased global warming potential (GWP). Applying CaO and Ca(OH)2 decreased GWP, whereas CaCO3 increased it with straw application. Compared to CaCO3, CaO and Ca(OH)2 application resulted in a lower GWP, making them optimal lime materials for reducing acidification and mitigating GHG emissions. Linear regression and partial least squares path (PLS-PM) analyses indicated that soil carbon, nitrogen, and microbial biomass significantly influenced N2O emissions under lime and straw application, while CO2 emissions were unaffected by these soil properties. Both lime and straw addition increased microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and NH4+–N contents, but decreased NO3−–N content, leading to higher N2O emissions. CO2 emissions were influenced by the chemical reactions of various lime materials in the soil. These findings suggest that selecting appropriate lime materials can significantly mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from acidic soils, contributing to more sustainable agricultural practices.
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PubMed
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2025
·
IF 6.1
Feilong Zhang,Qian Liang,Yanhong Wei,Jianhui Li,Ying Liu,Li Dong,Jiao Wang,Chunge Dang,Jingyang Liu
Arsenic sulfide residue (ASR) is a solid waste that harms the environment, especially its inherent difficulty in handling sulfur (S). Here, a stabilization pathway based on fly ash (FA) is proposed by directional control and design of curing material proportion and conditions. The leaching behavior and the leaching suppression mechanism of ASR were studied systematically. The results demonstrate that FA-based cement materials effectively stabilize ASR. The leaching concentration of arsenic (As) decreased dramatically from 500 mg/L to 0.4 mg/L after 14 days of optimized curing, achieving a 99 % reduction in leaching toxicity. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to analyze the interactive effects of dual factors on solidification, and it was found that CaO, cement content, and liquid/solid (L/S) had strong interaction between the three factors, and L/S played a leading role. During the solidification process of FA-based materials, the initial network and scattered granular loose structure gradually changed to the network/fibrous and acicular dense structure. Moreover, the content of As (V) increased from 49.3 % (3 d) to 79.1 % (14 d), and the structure of metal As in ASR changed from S-As to S-Ca. The stabilization mechanism of arsenic involves four key path ways: calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) adsorption, calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (C-A-S-H) precipitation, ettringite incorporation, and physical encapsulation. Therefore, this study provides a stabilization pathway for the harmless treatment of hazardous material by treating it with waste.
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FUEL
·
2025
·
IF 7.5
Mengzhu Yu,Jingwen Chen,Zhicheng Zhu,Yaji Huang,Pu Yang,Hao Xu,Menghui Li,Lu Tang,Xihui Fan,Yifan Xu,Dongxu Cui
This study investigated the influence of various additives (CaO, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , kaolin, and calcite) on the volatilization and immobilization of heavy metals during the coal combustion in a horizontal tube furnace (700–1100 ℃). Results showed that the Si/Al-based sorbents had less effect on the mineral changes of the combustion ash of coal than Ca-based sorbents which tend to react with the Si/Al components in coal ash to form Ca-containing aluminosilicates and affect the heavy metal retention. With the increase in combustion temperature, the volatilization of heavy metals gradually increased. At lower temperatures (700–900 ℃), Ca-based additives (CaO and calcite) enhanced Se and Pb retention due to the formation of Ca-Se/Pb compounds and competitive mineral incorporation. However, their efficacy diminished above 900 ℃ due to compound decomposition. The Si/Al-based additives (SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and kaolin) exhibited superior immobilization of Zn, Cu, and Pb at elevated temperatures (1000–1100 ℃), attributed to the formation of aluminosilicates. In addition, when the combustion temperature increased, the toxicity of Se decreased more significantly than other elements as the proportion of acid extractable/exchangeable Se decreased. In contrast, the form distribution of Cr, Ni, and Mn are more influenced by Ca-based minerals. Specially, the proportion of Cr in acid extractable/exchangeable form almost doubled after the addition of CaO and calcite. This work was conducive to the subsequent control of heavy metal emissions in the coal burning process.
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Surfaces and Interfaces
·
2026
·
IF 6
Chenyang Jing,Da Bi,Hao Yan,Yangyang Pan,Donald B. Dingwell,Wenjia Song
Airborne particles such as sand, dust, and volcanic ash pose a severe threat to the reliability of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) in jet engines. Upon ingestion into engines, these silicate-rich particles melt and form deposits that undergo complex spreading and adhesion dynamics on coating surfaces, ultimately leading to coating degradation. To simplify the reproducibility and comparability of experimental studies synthetic calcium–magnesium–alumino–silicate (CMAS) particles are commonly employed as simulants. Here, high-temperature deposition experiments have revealed that partially molten droplets (containing solid inclusions), exhibit heterogeneous spreading morphologies beyond classical viscous flow. A compound droplet model integrating heat transfer and spreading dynamics has been developed to describe quantitatively the deposition behavior of such partially molten particles. A physics-informed machine learning model, trained on 105 experimental cases was developed and has demonstrated superior predictive performance, with support vector regression achieving the highest accuracy (R 2 ≈ 0.71, RMSE ≈ 0.13). This combined experimental–computational strategy establishes a robust predictive paradigm linking natural threats (sand, dust, volcanic ash) with CMAS simulants, providing mechanistic insights into and mitigation strategies for CMAS-related degradation to enhance the operational reliability of aeroengines.
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POLYMER
·
2026
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IF 5.1
Xu Hu,Kok Hoong Wong,Nai Yeen Gavin Lai,Haibin Yu
The low reactivity, easy hydrolysis, semi-crystallization and rigidity of polylactide (PLA) polyols inhibit their applications, especially in polyurethane (PU) preparation. This work proposes a poly(ε-caprolactone)-polylactide-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL-PLA-PCL) triblock diol to enhance the reactivity and flexibility of PLA diol while maintaining degradability, thereby expanding its applications. However, when synthesizing an oligomeric PCL-PLA-PCL triblock diol by cationic ring-opening polymerization catalysed by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH) or methanesulfonic acid (MSA), numerous secondary hydroxyl groups (OH) were detected. Unlike synthesizing a high-molecular-weight polymer, monomer amount is limited during oligomerization, leading to distinct competition between initiation and propagation and yielding a PLA diol residue with secondary OH. Several factors, including temperature and the amounts of catalyst and monomer, were investigated to improve the primary OH content. Leveraging the inhibitory effect of excessive TfOH on the propagation rate of CL under limited monomer addition, PCL-PLA-PCL diol with a primary OH content of up to 90 % was obtained. On the contrary, excessive MSA, with a relatively weaker acidity, cannot effectively increase the primary OH content, whereas an excessive monomer amount remains helpful. The findings on the differences between synthesizing a high-molecular-weight PCL-PLA-PCL block copolymer and an oligomeric one may facilitate the construction of more high-performance block co-oligomers for drug delivery and PU applications. Compared with PLA diol, the PCL-PLA-PCL diol (∼2000 g/mol, CL: LA = 1: 1, with 90.1 % primary OH) has no crystallization behaviour, has reduced viscosity and much increased reactivity, making it a promising alternative to pure PLA diol for broader PU applications.
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TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
·
2026
·Vol. 36
·期 1
·309-322
·
IF 5.5
Hong-fei WU,Xiao-lin PAN,Ji-long LIU,Feng QIU,Tun HE,Hai-yan YU
To synergistically recover alumina and alkali from red mud (RM), the structural stability and conversion mechanism of hydroandradite (HA) from hydrogarnet (HG) were investigated via the First-principles, XRF, XRD, PSD and SEM methods, and a novel hydrothermal process based on the conversion principle was finally proposed. The crystal structure simulation shows that the HA with varied silicon saturation coefficients is more stable than HG, and the HA with a high iron substitution coefficient is more difficult to be converted from HG. The (110) plane of Fe 2 O 3 is easier to combine with HG to form HA, and the binding energy is 81.93 kJ/mol. The effects of raw material ratio, solution concentration and hydrothermal parameters on the conversion from HG to HA were revealed, and the optimal conditions for the alumina recovery were obtained. The recovery efficiencies of alumina and Na 2 O from the RM are 63.06% and 97.34%, respectively, and the Na 2 O content in the treated RM is only 0.13%.
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JOM
·
2026
·
IF 2.3
Jin Wei,Zuo Yongwei,Yu Ying,Qian Junjie,Ren Hui
For the technical challenges in the smelting process of bismuth sulfide concentrate and hazardous characteristics of lead dust, a clean co-smelting process of bismuth sulfide concentrate and lead dust is introduced in this paper. The hazardous waste lead dust (ZnO) is used as a sulfur-fixing agent to recover metallic bismuth and lead from furnace charge by reductive sulfur-fixing smelting. This process fixes elemental sulfur into iron matte, avoiding the emission of sulfur-containing gases. The mechanism of bismuth extraction and sulfur fixation in co-smelting was revealed by thermodynamic calculations and phase transformation experiments. Under the reducing atmosphere, PbSO 4 in lead dust was firstly reduced to PbS, then Bi 2 S 3 and PbS interacted with ZnO to form Bi 2 O 3 , PbO, and ZnS, and finally intermediate products, Bi 2 O 3 and PbO, were reduced to metallic bismuth and lead. The feasibility and reliability of this technique were confirmed by process simulation experiments. Under the optimum conditions (W Bismuthine :W Lead dust :W Na2CO3 :W Coke = 10:6:15:1, 900 °C, 60 min), the bismuth recovery rate and sulfur-fixing rate were 98.57% and 97.32%, respectively, and the grade of crude bismuth was 89.81%. This technique provided a new solution for bismuth extraction and lead-bearing solid waste environmentally-friendly disposal.
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 5.6
Jun Liu,Jianqiao Liu,Maoxin Luo,Yifeng Lai,Guowen Peng
Radioactive sludge, a typical multiphase dispersed radioactive pollutant, presents significant challenges for nuclear waste management owing to its complex composition, high water content, and persistent radiotoxicity. This study introduces, for the first time, a dual-stage treatment strategy combining geopolymer encapsulation with microwave-assisted vitrification to simultaneously achieve rapid solidification and long-term stabilisation of sludge. A slag–metakaolin–silica fume based geopolymer matrix was developed, into which 45 wt% simulated sludge (using Nd 3+ as a surrogate for trivalent actinides) was incorporated. After 3 days of standard curing, the solidified bodies exhibited compressive strengths exceeding 31.13 MPa, surpassing IAEA regulatory requirements for the transport and storage of radioactive waste. Microwave sintering at 1300 °C for 90 min resulted in complete vitrification. For Nd 2 O 3 contents ≤32 wt%, Nd 3+ was incorporated into the glass network as a modifier, forming a homogeneous glass phase. At loadings between 32 and 50 wt%, partial substitution of Ca 2+ /Na + by Nd 3+ induced the formation of oxyapatite-type crystals, Ca 2 Nd 8 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 and NaNd 9 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 , resulting in a glass–ceramic composite. Product Consistency Tests (PCT) conducted over 42 days revealed an Nd- normalised leaching rate as low as 1.61 × 10 −6 g m −2 ·d −1 , which is four orders of magnitude below current nuclear industry standards. This integrated approach significantly enhances sludge loading capacity (up to 45 wt%) while reducing the sintering duration to one-third of that required by conventional Joule heating methods, offering a cost-effective and robust solution for the immobilisation and disposal of complex radioactive sludge.
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Cancer Nanotechnology
·
2026
·
IF 4.8
Wang Xin,Liu Purui,Cao Chuanxi,Yan Qinhan,Qin Ruoshan,He Dengqi
Multidrug resistance and the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) of malignant melanoma significantly limit the efficacy of conventional therapies. In this study, we constructed a near-infrared (NIR)-responsive thermosensitive phase-transition core–shell nanosystem (CaO-DOX-IR820@DLTP). This nanosystem uses CaO as the core, co-loading the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) and the photothermal agent IR820, with a thermosensitive DLTP polymer shell as the outer layer. Characterization results show that the nanosystem has a uniform particle size, good stability, and excellent biocompatibility. Under NIR irradiation, the hyperthermia generated by IR820 induces phase transition and melting of the DLTP shell, enabling controlled release of DOX. Meanwhile, CaO reacts with water in the TME to trigger a chain exothermic reaction, enhancing photothermal therapeutic efficacy. The resulting Ca (OH)₂ effectively neutralizes lactic acid in the TME, thereby inhibiting M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and alleviating lactate-mediated immunosuppression. Both in vitro and in vivo experimental results demonstrate that the nanosystem exhibits favorable tumor cell-killing effects, providing a novel strategy for the treatment of malignant melanoma. Graphical
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 5.6
Jiawei Lu,Liyuan Chai,Xiaobo Min,Yunyan Wang,Hui Xu,Yun Li,Yong Ke,Cong Peng
The dissolution mechanism of ZnO in multicomponent oxide melts is pivotal for the co-smelting of primary ores with Zn-bearing secondary resources, as well as for the production and processing of ZnO-containing glasses and ceramics. This study integrated kinetic modeling, in situ interfacial reaction experiments, and melt structure evolution analysis to elucidate the dissolution mechanism of ZnO and assess the impacts of B and Cu on this mechanism. The apparent dissolution rate of ZnO is governed by the interplay of interfacial reactions, precipitation of Zn-bearing solids, and melt-structure evolution. B 2 O 3 expands the liquid phase field and significantly reduces the melting temperature (∼30 °C per 1 wt %). Initially, a Pb/B-rich melt pathway forms and thins the product layer from ∼154 to ∼25 μm. B 2 O 3 depolymerizes the melt, inhibits spinel growth, and accelerates dissolution. In contrast, Cu 2 O generates a dense Cu-rich layer that initially hinders dissolution. As this barrier diminishes, melt depolymerization and spinel growth suppression further accelerate dissolution. Over time, spinel precipitation results in a slight reduction in Zn content in the melt. This study also highlights the amphoteric role of ZnO. With increasing Zn content in the melt, ZnO can switch between acting as a network modifier or acting as a network former. This study lays a theoretical foundation for bath smelting of complex high-zinc feeds and provides a new methodological framework for probing melting mechanisms in multicomponent oxide melts.
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Catalysts
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·83
·
IF 4
Mengze Sun,Xing Zhang,Jiamin Yan,Hui Zhang,Zhipeng Li,Li Huang,Song Jin,Wei Wang,Ning Li
High-density aviation fuels and diesel-range cycloalkanes are in high demand for the transportation sector, but the development of sustainable and high-efficiency synthesis routes from biomass-derived platform chemicals remains a key challenge. High-density aviation fuel and diesel-grade cycloalkanes were successfully synthesized from biomass-derived isophorone and furfural through a continuous process of selective hydrogenation, aldol condensation, and hydrodeoxygenation reaction. (E) 2-(Furan-2-methylene)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-1-one (1A) was obtained by selective hydrogenation of isophorone to obtain 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone (TMCH), which was then subjected to aldol condensation with furfural. The system studied key reaction parameters such as solvent type, temperature, catalyst type, catalyst loading, and reaction time that affect the aldol condensation of TMCH and furfural. The yield of 1A reached 98.69%, under optimized conditions using NaOH as the catalyst at a molar ratio of 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone:furfural = 1:1, NaOH 0.15 g, anhydrous ethanol as the solvent, and a reaction temperature of 313 K for 1 h. A series of nickel-based catalysts supported on porous materials, including SiO2, CeO2, Al2O3, Hβ, and HZSM-5, were prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). These catalysts were evaluated for the hydrodeoxygenation of 1A. Among them, the 10% Ni-SiO2catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic activity, affording a C9–C14cycloalkane yield of 88.32% and a total carbon yield of 99.6%. This work demonstrates a promising and sustainable strategy for producing branched cycloalkanes in the diesel and jet fuel range from lignocellulosic biomass-derived platform chemicals.
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高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 5.6
Shenglin Kang,Xuetong Zhao,Qi Wang,Jianglin Wang,Yuchen Li,Jing Guo,Hongwen Liu,Jindong Yang,Jimou He,Yu Gan,Lijun Yang,Ruijin Liao
Developing ZnO-based varistor ceramics with high breakdown field and large nonlinear coefficient remains a great challenge. To address this issue, a thermal-assisted cold sintering process was employed to densify ZnO-based varistor ceramics at 300 °C and enhance their electrical properties through an annealing process at 900 °C. The pivotal roles of Dy 2 O 3 in tailoring the microstructure and electrical properties have been systematically studied. It is found that doping of Dy 2 O 3 suppresses ZnO grain growth, reducing the average grain size from 3.23 μm to 2.21 μm. Simultaneously, it introduces deep-level defects and increases interface state density, significantly elevating the Schottky barrier height from 1.74 eV to 3.15 eV. Specifically, the ZnO-based varistor ceramic with 0.5mol% Dy 2 O 3 presents a high breakdown field of 990 V/mm, with a large nonlinear coefficient of 109, and an ultralow leakage current density of 0.07 μA/cm 2 . This work provides an energy-efficient route for developing high-performance ZnO-based varistor ceramics.
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