PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
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2026
·
IF 7.9
Jianglin Yin,Yihua Qian,Xiaohui Dou,Qing Wang,Bingbing Lai,Qian Jia,Xiaobo Wang
Effective thermal management is critical for the reliable operation of lithium-ion battery systems, as excessive heat accumulation may lead to performance degradation and safety risks. This study develops a low-viscosity, synthetic ester-based nanofluid as an environmentally friendly immersion coolant for 18650 battery modules. Surface-modified Si 3 N 4 nanoparticles were stably dispersed in the ester base to form a homogeneous nanofluid. Thermal characterization under static and dynamic immersion-cooling conditions demonstrates enhanced thermal conductivity, improved heat-dissipation capability, and reduced temperature gradients, while maintaining low viscosity and favorable pumping performance. Dynamic cooling experiments show a maximum battery temperature reduction of 12.78% compared with conventional transformer oil under identical operating conditions. The interfacial modification of nanoparticles contributes to reduced thermal resistance and improved heat transfer pathways. In addition, the synthetic ester base exhibits good biodegradability and low aquatic toxicity, indicating favorable environmental compatibility. Overall, this work provides a thermally efficient and environmentally benign immersion cooling strategy that improves the operational thermal management performance of lithium-ion battery systems and enhances their thermal safety margin under normal operating conditions. Download: Download high-res image (272KB) Download: Download full-size image
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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
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2026
·
IF 3.9
Yuchen Cong,Haiping Su,Yazhuo Shang,Honglai Liu
Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) have emerged as promising candidates for solid-state batteries because of their flexibility and safety. However, practical applications remain limited by low lithium-ion conductivity, uneven lithium dendrite growth, and high interfacial impedance, leading to poor Coulombic efficiency and rapid capacity decay. A bilayer CPE with a Janus structure (J-CPE) is proposed for enhancing interfacial compatibility, with the LLZTO-PEO layer (L-CPE) toward the cathode and the Si3N4–PEO layer (S-CPE) toward the Li–metal anode. The amorphous Si3N4 suppresses side reactions between the CPE and Li metal, facilitating a stable and ionically conductive solid electrolyte interface layer film that is rich in Li3N and LiSixNy. The reduced interfacial resistance promotes uniform Li+ transport and inhibits lithium dendrite growth. Consequently, the Li symmetric cell demonstrates stable cycling at 0.1 mA cm–2 for 1800 h, and the Li|J-CPE|LFP full cell delivers 600 cycles at 1C with an 86.0% capacity retention. This J-CPE strategy offers new insights for improving interfacial stability in solid-state batteries.
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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
·
2026
·Vol. 109
·期 8
·e71060
·
IF 4.2
Haoyan Zhang,Canrong Luo,Huairen Cui,Zaijin Fang,Hong Jia
Developments for high light yield and high density of Ce 3+ -doped glass scintillators are of fundamental importance for practical applications in fields of nuclear medical imaging and high-energy physics. Here, a series of Ce 3+ -doped glass scintillators was designed. The glasses exhibit broadband emissions around 380 nm, and the photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) reaches 78.63%. By adjusting the Gd 2 O 3 /GdF 3 ratios of the glasses, the properties such as density, light yield, and transmittance of glass scintillators are all modulated. The optimized glass GSG 3 (Gd 2 O 3 :GdF 3 = 1:1) exhibits superior performance, including a high density of 5.562 g/cm 3 , high transmittance of 93% at 400 nm, a high light yield of 2859 ph/MeV, and an energy resolution of 19.3%@662 keV. The X-ray imaging system utilizing a self-developed glass scintillator was employed to acquire clear images of objects such as metal springs and integrated circuit chips, and achieved a spatial resolution of 14 lp/mm. The designed glass provides a low-cost scintillator for potential applications in medical imaging and radiation detection. This study also offers a powerful solution to conquer the conventional contradictions of glass scintillators between density and light yield.
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JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
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2026
·
IF 3.8
Xiaohao Chen,Su Zhang,Ran Pang,Jiarao Shi,Xuexia Chen
Traditional commercial white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) suffer from insufficient cyan light intensity and substandard spectral continuity, which restricts their application in the field of high-end lighting. To improve the performance of WLEDs, there is an urgent need for suitable and bright cyan phosphors. Herein, we report a bright cyan-emitting phosphor BaAlSi 5 N 7 O 2 :Ce 3+ , which exhibits a broadband centered at 479 nm with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 99 nm. The phosphor also exhibits exceptional thermal stability, retaining 94% of its room-temperature luminescence intensity at 150 °C. When integrated into full-spectrum phosphor-converted WLEDs, BaAlSi 5 N 7 O 2 :Ce 3+ effectively compensates for cyan light deficiency in blue/yellow/red phosphor systems and enhances the color rendering index (Ra) of RGB (red/green/blue)-based WLEDs. Furthermore, BaAlSi 5 N 7 O 2 :Ce 3+ serves as an independent high-efficiency cyan component, replacing conventional blue modules to reduce harmful high-energy blue light exposure. In full-spectrum WLEDs fabricated by combining this phosphor with commercial red/green phosphors on near-ultraviolet (n-UV) LED chips, the device achieves Ra = 94.2, correlated color temperature (CCT) = 4044 K, and minimal high-energy blue light (∼5%). It demonstrates stable chromaticity coordinates and high luminous efficiency under 10–120 mA current, providing a high-performance cyan phosphor solution for healthy lighting.
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Crystals
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 2
·132
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IF 2.9
Bo Li,Jiao Sun,Yuxing Lei,Tingting Jiang,Haitao Yang
Flexible dielectric composite materials capable of converting power frequency electric fields into measurable electrical signals are of great significance in the field of non-contact electric field sensing in power systems. In this paper, graphene/nitride heterojunction powders were prepared using three representative nitrides (AlN, BN, and Si3N4) and embedded in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to prepare flexible composite films with a fixed filler content of 5.0 wt%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the successful formation of the heterojunctions. The results showed that the nitride-related elements (Al, Si and N) were spatially correlated with the graphene-rich regions, thus providing abundant interfacial contact sites. Dielectric spectroscopy (50 Hz–50 kHz) showed that all samples exhibited typical dispersive behavior, with the real part of the dielectric constant decreasing monotonically with increasing frequency, and the loss tangent also decreasing smoothly. Under a 50 Hz parallel-plate electric field, the normalized induced voltage amplitude (PDMS = 1) increases to 1.070 (≈7.0%) for G/PDMS, and further to 1.0723–1.07447 (≈7.23–7.45%) for AlN–G/PDMS, BN–G/PDMS, and Si3N4-G/PDMS. DFT calculations confirm that the graphene/nitride interface has a stable structure with negative binding energies (−2.241, −1.773, and −3.062 eV for AlN–G, BN–G, and Si3N4–G, respectively). Significant charge redistribution and Mulliken charge transfer (0.0538, 0.2047, and 0.0244 eV, respectively) are present at the interface, accompanied by Fermi level density of states modulation and a small bandgap opening (~0.101 eV) in BN–G. These results collectively support the interfacial polarization-driven mechanism and provide a comparative basis for selecting nitride components in graphene-based heterojunction fillers in flexible dielectric electric field-sensing layers.
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 4.6
Jialing Li,Xiaoming Wang,Yongkang Zheng,Jiayao Zhang,Congling Yin,Xiaohui Li,Tianhui Liu,Zupei Yang,Huan Jiao
A novel oxonitridosilicate, Li2La8Si6N12O7 was successfully synthesized at 1200 °C using Li3N as a flux. The crystal structure was determined through single-crystal and synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. Li2La8Si6N12O7 crystallizes in orthorhombic space group Pcca (no. 54) with unit-cell parameters a = 15.5319(1) Å, b = 7.7382(1) Å, c = 15.5019(1) Å, and Z = 4. The structure features a layered framework built from vertex-sharing Si[N/O]4 tetrahedra, with Li[N/O]6 octahedra connecting and stabilizing both the interlayer and intralayer linkages. The octahedral coordination of Li+ was confirmed by solid-state 7Li NMR spectroscopy. Notably, the incorporation of Pr3+ and Tb3+ into the Li2La8Si6N12O7 host yields narrow-band red emission at 630 nm and green emission at 545 nm. This combination facilitates the fabrication of 365 nm near-ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV LED) chip-based WLEDs with superior color rendering performance.
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 6
Haotong Wang,Ran Zhao,Zhongshuai Jia,Yusheng Yang,He Sun
Compared to conventional carbothermic reduction or aqueous electrolysis, molten oxide electrolysis (MOE) promises efficient metal extraction, improved environmental outcomes, and adaptability to diverse mineral feedstocks. A critical challenge is identifying refractory ceramics that enable a feasible, durable MOE process. In this work, the erosion behaviors of four refractories, BN, Si 3 N 4 , ZrO 2 , and SiC, are investigated in a molten CaO-SiO 2 -TiO 2 -Nb 2 O 5 -Fe 2 O 3 -CaF 2 slag from Bayan Obo tailings. Combining thermodynamic calculations with in situ observation via high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy, the erosion resistance of four ceramic materials was evaluated. It is found that ZrO 2 , BN, and Si 3 N 4 ceramics suffer severe degradation in the molten slags, whereas SiC maintains better stability. SiC was fabricated into crucibles to study the erosion process by the static crucible method. It is found that a dense protective layer dominated by TiC/NbC is formed on the surface of SiC, effectively inhibiting further penetration and erosion of molten slags. This explains why the actual corrosion resistance of silicon carbide in molten slag significantly outperforms theoretical predictions based on thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. The erosion rate of the SiC crucible is calculated to be 4.78 mg h −1 . These findings provide direct guidance for selecting refractories for MOE and advancing sustainable metallurgy.
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 6
Zhigang Xu,Lei Xue,Zhongwei Liu,Kaiping He,Qiang Shen,Chuanbin Wang
This study systematically investigates the effects of varying Y 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 additive ratios on the phase evolution, microstructural characteristics, densification, mechanical properties, and tribological performance of β-Sialon ceramics fabricated via spark plasma sintering. The results demonstrate that both Y 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 promote the formation and densification of β-Sialon. Specifically, ZrO 2 facilitates the in-situ reaction with Si 3 N 4 and AlN to form ZrN, while Y 2 O 3 enhances the densification process through liquid phase formation. Notably, the content of in-situ formed ZrN decreases with the increase of Y 2 O 3 addition. Compared to the single addition of Y 2 O 3 , the optimized Y 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 ratio enables the formation of fine β-Sialon grains, well-dispersed ZrN particles, and minimal grain boundary phases. When 2 wt% Y 2 O 3 and 4 wt% ZrO 2 (SY2Z4) were added, the β-Sialon ceramic achieved an optimal balance of properties, where the Vickers hardness and fracture toughness reached 17.3 GPa and 6.7 MPa m 1/2 , respectively, representing increases of 27.2% and 28.9% compared to the sample with the sole addition of 6 wt% Y 2 O 3 (SY6). In terms of tribological properties, the SY2Z4 sample exhibits a significantly reduced coefficient of friction (0.582), wear volume loss (0.89 × 10 −2 mm 3 ), and wear rate (0.25 × 10 −5 mm 3 /(N·m)), which are 12.87%, 91.76%, and 91.67% lower than those of SY6, respectively. The results also indicate that abrasive wear is the dominant wear mode, and the in-situ formation of a protective tribofilm on the worn surface of SY2Z4 further contributes to its superior wear resistance. This work provides a feasible strategy for the microstructural regulation and performance optimization of β-Sialon ceramics via tailoring rare earth oxide/transition metal oxide additive systems, which holds great potential for extending their applications in high-wear-resistance engineering fields.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2026
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IF 6.7
Jinfeng Li,Yuxuan Li,Yang Liu,Yuan Shao,Wuyang Song,Youjun Lu
： High-entropy nitride ceramics (HENCs) require high sintering temperatures,and exhibit relatively low density and insufficient fracture toughness, greatly restricting their applicability in structural load-bearing scenarios under extreme service environments. To address these limitations, this study employed Fe as a sintering aid and prepared (Hf 0.2 Zr 0.2 Ti 0.2 Nb 0.2 Ta 0.2 )N-Fe composite ceramics with 0–20 wt% Fe via spark plasma sintering (SPS) in the temperature range of 1600–2100 ℃. We evaluated how Fe content and sintering temperature jointly affect microstructure and mechanical properties. The results show that pure HEN ceramics densifies only at 2100 °C, reaching 96.41% relative density, due to sluggish diffusion and lattice distortion. Although high temperature enhances diffusion, it also coarsens the grains to 5.40 ± 2.18 μm. In contrast, adding only 5 wt% Fe enables densification at a reduced temperature of 1700 °C, achieving 98.81% relative density and refining the grain size to 3.25 ± 1.01 μm. Regarding mechanical properties, pure HEN ceramics exhibits a hardness of 19.79 ± 0.49 GPa and a fracture toughness of 3.86 ± 0.32 MPa·m 1/2 . When 5 wt% Fe is added, both mechanical indices increase markedly, with hardness increasing to 21.09 ± 0.35 GPa and fracture toughness to 4.38 ± 0.31 MPa·m 1/2 . These results demonstrate a pronounced synergistic effect of Fe addition and reduced sintering temperature on the microstructure of HEN ceramics. During sintering, by forming Fe-rich interfacial phases, Fe accelerates low-temperature densification, while its segregation at grain boundaries and triple junctions regulates boundary migration, enabling fine grains and high density at reduced sintering temperatures.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2026
·
IF 6.7
Zhi Zhang,Zixin Pan,Wangzu Zou,Shuping Huang,Wenjie Deng,Xinyu Ye,Zhihua Xiong,Daniel Jaque,Decai Huang
Near-infrared (NIR) material is widely recognized for its significant application potential in bioimaging, anti-counterfeiting, and food quality inspection. Divalent rare earth ions are capable of producing broadband NIR emission in suitable host materials and offers high excitation absorption efficiency, owing to their parity allowed f-d transitions. Herein, Sm 2+ -activated SrAl 2 Si 3 O 4 N 4 oxynitride NIR phosphors are prepared, which exhibit a broad excitation band covering the entire visible region (300–650 nm) and a broadband NIR emission (700–1100 nm) peaking at approximately 800 nm. The substitution of Sr 2+ by Ba 2+ is implemented to regulate the local crystal field environment of Sm 2+ ions, thereby achieving a pronounced enhancement in NIR emission intensity. Furthermore, an energy transfer sensitization strategy from Yb 2+ to Sm 2+ is devised, by which an energy transfer efficiency of 70% was attained. The excitation absorption efficiency of BaAl 2 Si 3 O 4 N 4 :0.06Sm 2+ ,0.05Yb 2+ phosphor reached 54%, along with improved photoluminescence quantum efficiency and thermal stability. Finally, NIR pc-LED devices were fabricated using the optimal phosphor and blue LED chip, and demonstrate promising application in biological tissue imaging and detection. The proposed crystal field engineering and energy transfer strategy provides valuable insights for the design and development of NIR phosphors.
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Journal of Earth Science
·
2026
·Vol. 37
·期 4
·1584-1593
·
IF 4.8
Zhang Jingyi,Huang Shengxuan,Qin Shan,Chariton Stella,Prakapenka Vitali B.,Chen Bin
Most nitrogen is predicted to reside in the Earth’s interior and could be in the form of nitrides. In this study, the chemical reaction of Si 3 N 4 with SiO 2 was explored up to 50 GPa and 2 600 K using laser-heated diamond anvil cells combined with synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction. The experimental results demonstrate that Si 3 N 4 does not react with SiO 2 and cubic γ-Si 3 N 4 remains stable at extreme pressure and temperature. First-principles calculations were performed to investigate the chemical stability of Si 3 N 4 with the SiO 2 -MgO assemblage, showing that Si 3 N 4 can coexist with Mg 2 SiO 4 and MgSiO 3 polymorphs. Based on our thermal equation of state of cubic γ-Si 3 N 4 , we suggest that cubic γ-Si 3 N 4 is denser than the upper mantle but less dense than the lower mantle. The formation of Si 3 N 4 in the early Earth may contribute to the nitrogen preservation in the deep mantle soon after crystallization of the mantle and Si 3 N 4 is likely a precursor of nitrogen hosts in the modern deep Earth.
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Nature Communications
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·1-10
·
IF 15.7
Fan Yamei,Li Rongtan,Du Xiangze,Wang Fei,Feng Xiaohui,Yang Youyuanhe,Liu Conghui,Li Jiaxin,Dong Cui,Wang Jianyang,Ta Na,Cui Wenhao,Ning Yanxiao,Mu Rentao,Fu Qiang
Hydrogen spillover has been extensively studied in heterogeneous catalysis, whereas the analogous migration of metal species remains largely underexplored. Here, we report a spillover phenomenon for metal species, exemplified by copper, which spontaneously migrates across physically contacted hydrophilic supports under humid ambient conditions. This process is facilitated by water adlayers on support surfaces, which act as molecular bridges to enable surface and interfacial migration of cooper species via hydroxylated intermediates. The phenomenon is universal across diverse supports, including oxides, carbides, and sulfides, and extends to metals such as ruthenium, cobalt, and nickel. Remarkably, catalysts prepared via this spillover approach exhibit substantially enhanced low-temperature activity in reactions including carbon monoxide oxidation, reverse water-gas shift, selective catalyst reduction with ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide oxidation, outperforming counterparts prepared by conventional impregnation. This work redefines the spillover phenomenon by extending it to metal species through water adlayer-mediated migration, opening new avenues for the design of dynamic catalysts.
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