PHYTOPATHOLOGY
·
2019
·Vol. 109
·期 3
·
IF 3.264
Jinli Li,Fuxing Zhu,Jianhong Li
Histidine kinases (HK) are implicated in virulence, vegetative mycelial growth, and osmotic and oxidative responses in pathogenic fungi. Our previous work showed that transcriptional levels of the group III HK gene Sshk are higher in field dimethachlone-resistant isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum compared with sensitive isolates. However, it is not clear whether the overexpression of Sshk is the major mechanism for resistance to dimethachlone. In this study, we constructed Sshk silencing and overexpression vectors and assessed dimethachlone resistance levels, virulence, mycelial growth, and sensitivity to osmotic stress for the Sshk -silenced and -overexpression transformants. Overexpression of Sshk resulted in resistance to dimethachlone and increased sensitivity to various stresses and to the cell-wall-perturbing agents sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Congo red (CR). Compared with the parent isolate, Sshk -silenced transformants had reduced resistance to dimethachlone, significantly higher ( P < 0.05) mycelial growth and virulence, and lower sclerotium production, and were less sensitive to various exogenous stresses such as sodium chloride. Compared with the parent sensitive isolate HLJMG1, dimethachlone resistance ratios of the three overexpression transformants ∆C101, ∆C21, and ∆C10 increased 168.1-, 189.5-, and 221.2-fold, respectively. The three overexpression transformants were more sensitive to CR and SDS than their parent isolate. These findings suggest that overexpression of Sshk is a major mechanism for dimethachlone resistance in some isolates of S. sclerotiorum , and that Sshk plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of the cell wall. Our findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism for dimethachlone resistance in plant-pathogenic fungi.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
分子生物学
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DOI
高影响因子
PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 4.2
Jiying Zhang,Huifang Liu,Jianmei Yao,Chiyu Ma,Wen Yang,Zhiwei Lei,Rongyu Li
Anthracnose, a fungal disease, commonly infects tea plants and severely impacts the yield and quality of tea. One method for controlling anthracnose is the application of citronellol, a plant extract that exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Herein, the physiological and biochemical mechanism by which citronellol controls anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum camelliae was investigated. Citronellol exhibited excellent antifungal activity based on direct and indirect mycelial growth inhibition assays, with EC 50 values of 76.88 mg/L and 29.79 μL/L air, respectively. Citronellol also exhibited good control effects on C. camelliae in semi-isolated leaf experiments. Optical and scanning electron microscopy revealed that citronellol caused C. camelliae mycelia to thin, fracture, fold and deform. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the mycelial cell walls collapsed inward and separated, and the organelles became blurred after treatment with citronellol. The sensitivity of C. camelliae to calcofluor white staining was significantly enhanced by citronellol, while PI staining showed minimal fluorescence, and the relative conductivity of mycelia were not significantly different. Under citronellol treatment, the expression levels of β -1,3-glucanase, chitin synthase, and chitin deacetylase-related genes were significantly decreased, while the expression levels of chitinase genes were increased, leading to lower chitinase activity and increased β -1,3-glucanase activity. Therefore, citronellol disrupted the cell wall integrity of C. camelliae and inhibited normal mycelial growth.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
分子生物学
·
真菌学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 2.7
Jiaoli Huang,Sisi Liu,Rukuan Liu,Youjin Yi,Changzhu Li,Zhihong Xiao,Jia Tu,Jingjing Xiao
Although Litsea cubeba essential oil (LCEO) is widely used for against fungi, antifungal mechanism of it is not fully understood. In the study, antifungal potential and mechanism of LCEO on Colletotrichum scovillei , the main pathogen fungi caused pepper anthracnose , were studied. Results of gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that citral (67.37%) and d -Limonene (11.72%) were the major components of LCEO. LCEO was effective in inhibiting germination of C. scovillei spores , and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.60 mg mL −1 . To determine influence of LCEO on cell membrane integrity and permeability of C . scovillei , SEM observation, OD 260 nm (nucleic acids), OD 280 nm (proteins), extracellular electric conductivity , cell membrane permeability (propidium iodide, PI), cell wall integrity (calcofluor white, CFW), malondialdehyde (MDA) content and ergosterol content were analyzed. Spores exposed to LCEO were partly deformed, collapsed, shrunken and shriveled. The OD 260 nm, OD 280 nm and the extracellular electric conductivity of LCEO treatment group increased by 2.0, 1.5 and 1.2 times, respectively, at 12 h after treatment of LCEO (0.6 mg mL −1 ). Besides, high accumulation of MDA content indicated that LCEO significantly enhanced membrane lipid peroxidation . Moreover, LCEO induced a decrease in ergosterol content of C. scovillei . These findings suggest that LCEO exhibited potent inhibitory activities against C. scovillei , and the cell membrane permeability and cell wall integrity of C. scovillei treated by LCEO were significantly destroyed.
研究领域:
植物学
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真菌学
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农业科学
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DOI
高影响因子
CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY
·
2021
·Vol. 23
·期 12
·e13391
·
IF 3.715
Zhiwei Huang,Hongsheng Dai,Xiaoyu Zhang,Qiao Wang,Jing Sun,Yunxia Deng,Ping Shi
Biofilm plays an important role in fungal multidrug resistance (MDR). Our previous studies showed that BSC2 is involved in resistance to amphotericin B (AMB) through antioxidation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . In this study, the overexpression of BSC2 and IRC23 induced strong MDR in S. cerevisiae . BSC2 -overexpression affected cellular flocculation, cell surface hydrophobicity, biofilm formation and invasive growth. However, it failed to induce caspofungin (CAS) resistance and affect the invasive growth in FLO mutant strains ( FLO11 Δ, FLO1 Δ, FLO8 Δ and TUP1 Δ). Furthermore, the overexpression of BSC2 compensated for chitin synthesis defects to maintain the cell wall integrity and significantly reduced the cell morphology abnormality induced by CAS. However, it could not repair the cell wall damage caused by CAS in the FLO mutant strains. Although BSC2 overexpression increased the level of mannose in the cell wall, DPM1 overexpression in both BY4741 and bsc2 ∆ could confer resistance to CAS and AMB. In addition, BSC2 overexpression significantly increased the mRNA expression of FLO11 , FLO1 , FLO8 and TUP1 . BSC2 may function as a regulator of FLO genes and be involved in cell wall integrity in yeast. Taken together, our data demonstrate that BSC2 induces MDR in a FLO pathway-dependent manner via contributing to the formation of biofilms in S. cerevisiae . Take Aways Overexpression of BSC2 induced strong MDR in S. cerevisiae . BSC2 affected cellular flocculation, CSH, biofilm formation and invasive growth. BSC2 could not repair the cell wall damage caused by CAS in the FLO mutants. BSC2 may function as a regulator of FLO genes to maintain cell wall integrity. BSC2 promotes biofilm formation in a FLO pathway-dependent manner to induce MDR.
研究领域:
微生物学
·
分子生物学
·
药理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
mSphere
·
2024
·
IF 3.7
Chen Tang,Haifeng Wang,Xianjiang Jin,Wenwen Li,Yonglin Wang
Verticillium dahliae causes Verticillium wilt in more than 200 plant species worldwide. As a soilborne fungus, it forms melanized microsclerotia and colonizes the xylem of host plants. Our previous study revealed a subfamily of C2H2-homeobox transcription factors in V. dahliae, but their biological roles remain unknown. In this study, we systematically characterized the functions of seven C2H2-homeobox transcription factors in V. dahliae. Deletion of VdChtf3 and VdChtf6 significantly decreased the production of melanized microsclerotia, and knockout of VdChtf1 and VdChtf4 enhanced virulence. Loss of VdChtf2 and VdChtf6 increased conidium production, whereas loss of VdChtf5 and VdChtf7 did not affect growth, conidiation, microsclerotial formation, or virulence. Further research showed that VdChtf3 activated the expression of genes encoding pectic enzymes to participate in microsclerotial formation. In addition, VdChtf4 reduced the expression of VdSOD1 to disturb the scavenging of superoxide radicals but induced the expression of genes related to cell wall synthesis to maintain cell wall integrity. These findings highlight the diverse roles of different members of the C2H2-homeobox gene family in V. dahliae.
研究领域:
真菌学
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植物病理学
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转录调控
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Leyi Yu,Tiantian Wang,Bin Wang,Li Pan
Aspergillus niger is a cell factory widely used in industries to produce proteases, organic acids, drugs, and other substances. The hyphal morphology of A. niger is a complex differentiated elongated tubular structure, which limits its basic research and application. In this study, the mpkA , bck1 , steC , and Tpk2 genes were successfully deleted using a quick way to knock out genes based on the RNP (Ribonucleoprotein) complex. The study showed that the knockout of mpkA and bck1 kinase gene strains resulted in smaller, denser colonies, short rod-shaped hypha, and a significant increase in glucoamylase secretion. The mechanism of short hypha formation and high protein production for A. niger is the cell wall integrity signaling (CWIS) pathway. The CWIS pathway passed through the bck1 - mkkA - mpkA tertiary kinase to deliver phosphorylation signals to the rlmA transcription factor, which regulated the expression of the cell wall synthesis gene agsA , thus regulating hyphal morphology. The mpkA kinase regulated the expression of the transcription factor amyR , which affected the expression of the genes glaA and amyA , thus enhancing the expression of proteins in A. niger . This study provides a strategy for the regulation of hyphal morphology and promotes the application of A. niger in industrial production.
研究领域:
微生物学
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生物技术
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分子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
·
2019
·Vol. 101
·期 4
·389-401
·
IF 3.928
Hu Huizhen,Zhang Ran,Tang Yiwei,Peng Chenglang,Wu Leiming,Feng Shengqiu,Chen Peng,Wang Yanting,Du Xuezhu,Peng Liangcai
Key message Overexpression of cotton cellulose synthase like D3 (GhCSLD3) gene partially rescued growth defect of atcesa6 mutant with restored cell elongation and cell wall integrity mainly by enhancing primary cellulose production. Abstract Among cellulose synthase like (CSL) family proteins, CSLDs share the highest sequence similarity to cellulose synthase (CESA) proteins. Although CSLD proteins have been implicated to participate in the synthesis of carbohydrate-based polymers (cellulose, pectins and hemicelluloses), and therefore plant cell wall formation, the exact biochemical function of CSLD proteins remains controversial and the function of the remaining CSLD genes in other species have not been determined. In this study, we attempted to illustrate the function of CSLD proteins by overexpressing Arabidopsis AtCSLD2 , - 3 , - 5 and cotton GhCSLD3 genes in the atcesa6 mutant, which has a background that is defective for primary cell wall cellulose synthesis in Arabidopsis . We found that GhCSLD3 overexpression partially rescued the growth defect of the atcesa6 mutant during early vegetative growth. Despite the atceas6 mutant having significantly reduced cellulose contents, the defected cell walls and lower dry mass, GhCSLD3 overexpression largely restored cell wall integrity (CWI) and improved the biomass yield. Our result suggests that overexpression of the GhCSLD protein enhances primary cell wall synthesis and compensates for the loss of CESAs , which is required for cellulose production, therefore rescuing defects in cell elongation and CWI.
研究领域:
植物生物学
·
分子遗传学
·
细胞壁生物合成
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 5.537
Pengyu Zhao,Weidan Li,Chaoying Zhen,Ke Wang,Zhen Qin,Haiyan Gao
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) has several physiological functions and broad application prospects. In this study, as a tool used for transcriptomics , RNA-seq sequencing was employed to determine the mechanism by which GABA slows browning and induces resistance against the growth of bacterial in fresh-cut apples. GABA altered the expression level of genes related to the synthesis of browning enzymes and phenolic substances in fresh-cut apples, which slowed the browning process during storage. Additionally, GABA promoted the gene expression of enzymes or proteins related to disease resistance, which resultantly induced disease resistance in fresh-cut apples. Notably, GABA maintained the integrity and stability of the cell wall composition and structure in apple tissues to reduce browning and induce disease resistance. Our findings revealed the mechanism by which GABA acts as a protective agent against browning and bacterial growth in for fresh-cut apples.
研究领域:
园艺学
·
分子生物学
·
食品科学
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DOI
高影响因子
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2023
·
IF 4.1
Bi Wang,Jingjing Yang,Xingzeng Zhao,Xu Feng,Shu Xu,Pirui Li,Linwei Li,Yu Chen
BACKGROUND Phytophthora capsici is an extremely destructive phytopathogenic oomycete that causes huge economic losses. However, due to the drug resistance risk and environmental threat of chemical fungicides, it is necessary to develop environmentally friendly biocontrol alternatives. Rhein is a major medicinal ingredient of traditional Chinese herbs, and it is widely used in the medical field. However, its inhibitory effect against phytopathogens is unknown. Herein, the antifungal spectrum of rhein and its possible action mechanism against P. capsici were investigated. RESULTS Rhein possessed broad-spectrum antifungal activity against phytopathogens, particularly P. capsici , Phytophthora infestans , Helminthosporium maydis , and Rhizoctonia solani . Rhein inhibited the mycelial growth as well as the spore germination of P. capsici with mean 50% effective concentration (EC 50 ) values of 4.68 μg mL −1 and 6.57 μg mL −1 against 117 P. capsici isolates, respectively. Rhein effectively suppressed the occurrence and spread of Phytophthora blight and significantly destroyed the cell membrane permeability and integrity of P. capsici , corroded its cell wall integrity, and damaged its morphology and ultrastructure. Moreover, rhein caused a considerable reduction in the phospholipid and cellulose contents. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of P. capsici in response to rhein indicated significant reduction in the expression levels of genes participating in glycerolipid metabolism and starch and sucrose metabolism. Additionally, rhein strengthened the disease defense system of pepper by enhancing related enzyme activities. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that rhein could effectively inhibit P. capsici using multiple mechanisms of action. Rhein has the potential to be an efficient alternative to control diseases caused by P. capsici . © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
分子生物学
·
药理学
·
农业科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2020
·
IF 1.992
Jinxin Che,Xiumei Chen,Qiuli Ouyang,Nengguo Tao
Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum are the two important postharvest pathogens in citrus, causing about 90% of the total loss of citrus fruit during storage and transportation. Natural fungicides such as essential oils have been widely used instead of chemical fungicides for preventing and controlling postharvest diseases. In this research, p -anisaldehyde exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on P. digitatum and P. italicum , with the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration values of both being 2.00 μl/ml. Additionally, p -anisaldehyde visibly inhibited both the green mold and blue mold development of citrus fruits inoculated with P. digitatum and P. italicum . The mycelia morphologies of these pathogens were greatly altered, and the membrane permeability and cell wall integrity of mycelia were severely disrupted under p -anisaldehyde treatment. These results suggest that the antifungal activity of p -anisaldehyde against P. digitatum and P. italicum can be attributed to the disruption of the cell wall integrity.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
食品科学
·
微生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2023
·
IF 8.1
Chun Lu,Zixuan Zhao,Guobao Huang,Jia Liu,Fayin Ye,Jia Chen,Jian Ming,Guohua Zhao,Lin Lei
Studies have shown that the structure, composition, and bioavailability of compounds in whole grains are affected by processing and the role of cells walls. In this study, the effects of different processing methods on highland barley, one of the mostly widely produced whole grains worldwide, were investigated. The processing methods applied were flaking-boiling (HB flake), sand-roasting (Puffed HB), and sand-roasting-milling (Tsamba). Results showed Puffed HB and Tsamba had higher levels of damaged starch content, starch short-range molecular order, and relative crystallinity than HB flake. The half-time of gastric emptying ( t 1/2 ) was the slowest for Tsamba (132.3 min) compared to HB flake (122.5 min) and Puffed HB (84.0 min), indicating the slowest gastric emptying rate, which could be attributed to its high viscosity of gastric digesta. After in vitro gastroduodenal digestion, Puffed HB exhibited the lowest starch digestibility and the least amount of β -glucan due to its less damaged cellular structure. Furthermore, Puffed HB resulted in a 21% and 18% higher in vitro production of total short-chain fatty acids than Tsamba and HB flake, respectively. Besides, undigested starch of Puffed HB after in vitro gastroduodenal digestion delayed in vitro fecal fermentation of β -glucan. Our study provided insight into the potential mechanisms of how cell wall integrity affected the gastric emptying, in vitro starch digestibility, and in vitro fecal fermentation of highland barley foods.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
营养学
·
胃肠病学
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谷物化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
·
2024
·
IF 4.9
Xinyuan Peng,Qingtao Kong,Qian Wei,Shilin Guo,Qiying Chen,Min Peng,Binyi An,Xiaoyu Wang,Chen Zhang,Hong Sang
Currently, the therapeutic effect on cryptococcal infection patients is hindered by toxicity and drug resistance, making it urgent to discover alternative antifungals. Calcium channel blockers, verapamil (VER), have shown effective antifungal effects in several fungi. Here, we found that VER has a significant antifungal effect on Cryptococcus neoformans ( C. neoformans ). Furthermore, VER has significant synergistic effects with multiple antifungals, even caspofungin (CAS). We confirmed that VER and CAS had a synergistic antifungal effect in the Galleria mellonella . We conducted in-depth research on the possible mechanism of the synergistic impact of VER and CAS. After treatment with VER, the chitosan content of C. neoformans ' cell wall decreased and in dopamine liquid culture medium, we observed the leakage of melanin. Through cell wall fluorescence staining and stress sensitivity analysis, we further demonstrated that VER impaired the integrity of the C. neoformans ' cell wall. Another side, VER+CAS modification of C. neoformans membrane permeability, leading to intracellular ROS accumulation and mitochondrial membrane potential changes. VER eliminated the cytoplasmic calcium fluctuations caused by CAS stimulation and down-regulated the genes expression associated with the calcineurin pathway. In addition, we found that the enzyme activity of chitin deacetylase of C. neoformans is significantly influenced by the presence of Ca 2+ , suggesting that the use of VER may affect the activity. In summary, the synergistic antifungal effect of VER and CAS makes them effective and promising candidates for fungal treatment.
研究领域:
微生物学
·
药理学
·
医学真菌学
·
传染病学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）