SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
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2024
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IF 3.9
Fan Yang,Xiuying Zhong,Yuqing Wang,Juan Zhao,Yongqing Lu,Chao-an Long
Parabens are one of the “generally regarded as safe” salts since its lower toxicity for the environment and human health. The curative activities of methylparaben (MP) had been detected previously by applying them into coating films in some fruits. In this study, we investigated the antifungal activities and putative mechanisms of MP against Penicillium digitatum , which causes the destructive citrus green mold disease during postharvest period. The results indicated that MP inhibited the P. digitatum hyphal growth in vitro at a minimum inhibitory/fungicidal concentration of 0.40 and 0.60 g L −1 , respectively. The conidial germination rates were also distinctly restrained. Under scanning and transmission electron microscopies, the treated hyphae were slender and shrunken, had defects in developing conidiophores, and exhibited apoptotic mitochondria and vacuolated cytoplasmic matrix. Meanwhile, MP damaged the plasma membrane to accelerate the intracellular substances leaking out, and induced the activity of chitinase to degrade cell wall. The MP-treated hyphae showed activated the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, and stimulated the content of antioxidant glutathione. MP alleviated the disease prevalence of inoculated citrus in the fruit decay test, but did not display good preservative effect in storage experiment. Collectively, our findings basically elucidate the underlying physiological antifungal mechanism of MP against P. digitatum .
研究领域:
植物病理学
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食品科学
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微生物学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
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2020
·Vol. 100
·期 10
·3812-3821
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IF 2.614
Ou Chen,Lanhua Yi,Lili Deng,Changqing Ruan,Kaifang Zeng
BACKGROUND Penicillium digitatum is one of the most important pathogens causing citrus green mold, leading to significant economic losses. Traditionally, synthetic fungicides are used to control diseases. However, the side effects of fungicides should not be ignored. Thus, antagonistic yeasts were proposed to be safe and effective alternatives for managing diseases. Orchards are excellent sources of naturally occurring antagonists against pathogens. Therefore, in the present study, antagonistic yeasts obtained from orchards were screened, and the possible biocontrol mechanisms of the most promising yeast were investigated. RESULTS Seventy-eight isolates of yeasts (15 species of 10 genera) were obtained from citrus orchards. In in vitro assays, 16 strains showed antifungal activity against Pichia digitatum and 15 strains showed biocontrol potential against green mold on Olinda oranges. Pichia galeiformis (BAF03) exhibited the best antagonistic activity against P. digitatum during 6 days storage at 25 °C and a good antagonistic activity during 29 days at 4 °C. Pichia galeiformis (BAF03) could colonize and amplify quickly in wounded citrus. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the citrus wound was colonised by the yeast. A total of eight volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry The VOCs produced by P. galeiformis (BAF03) efficiently inhibited P. digitatum . CONCLUSION Pichia galeiformis (BAF03) isolated from a citrus orchard showed potential to control postharvest green mold of citrus. The possible mechanisms of action likely include competition for space and nutrients as well as production of VOCs.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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微生物学
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农业科学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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2024
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IF 4.2
Yonghua Zhang,Okwong Oketch Reymick,Bin Duan,Shenghua Ding,Rongrong Wang,Nengguo Tao
The essential oil and β -cyclodextrin inclusion complex was able to inhibit the growth of Penicillium digitatum , a damaging pathogen that causes green mold in citrus fruit. In this study, cinnamaldehyde- β -cyclodextrin inclusion complex ( β -CDCA) for controlling citrus green mold was synthesized by the co-precipitation method. Characterization of β -CDCA revealed that the aromatic ring skeleton of cinnamaldehyde (CA) was successfully embedded into the cavity of β -CD to form the inclusion complex. β -CDCA inhibited P. digitatum at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 4.0 g/L. FT-IR spectroscopy analysis, calcofluor white staining, extracellular alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity and propidium iodide (PI) staining of hyphae morphology showed that β -CDCA may damage the cell ultrastructure and membrane permeability of P. digitatum . The study further demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) markedly accumulated in 1/2 MIC β -CDCA treated hyphae. This implied that β -CDCA inhibited growth of P. digitatum by the triggering oxidative stress, which may have caused cell death by altering cell membrane permeability. In addition, in vivo results showed that β -CDCA alone or combined with L -phenylalanine (L-PHe) displayed a comparable level to that of prochloraz. Therefore, β -CDCA combined with L-PHe can thus be used as an eco-friendly preservative for the control green mold in postharvest citrus fruit.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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食品科学
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采后技术
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Fungal Biology
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2022
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IF 2.91
Long Guo,Xiaoxue Mao,Yi Li,Zhiqin Zhou
Citrus is susceptible to Penicillium digitatum ( P. digitatum ) infection in post-harvest storage, resulting in enormous economic losses. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity and potential mechanism of the combination of Polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) and citral (two natural antifungal components derived from citrus) against P. digitatum in vitro and citrus fruit. The results show that PMFs can enhance the antifungal activity of citral nanoemulsion, and PMFs-loaded citral nanoemulsion (PCT) has significant antifungal activity in a concentration-dependent manner. PCT can evidently inhibit spore germination and mycelial growth in vitro , and effectively control the growth of green mold on postharvest citrus fruit. Furthermore, PCT treatment resulted in the alteration of mycelia morphology, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and membrane lipid peroxidation. These changes can disrupt the normal structure and function of the cell membrane, as evidenced by the reduction of total lipid and ergosterol content in the mycelia and the stronger red fluorescence of the cells emitted after PI staining. Based on the above results, we infer that PCT has a strong inhibitory effect on P. digitatum , and its potential mechanism is related to the destruction of the cell membrane. Therefore, PCT can be considered as a botanical fungicide for citrus preservation.
研究领域:
植物科学
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食品科学
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微生物学
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植物病理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CONTROL
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2025
·
IF 6.3
Shuqi Liu,Yuxin Jiang,Jiancheng Sun,Fan Yang,Yuqing Wang,Yongqing Lu,Weiqiang Lai,Chao-an Long
Perillaldehyde (PAE) is a green and safe active ingredient of natural plants. The inhibitory activity of PAE against the citrus postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum and its ability to control green mold were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results revealed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of PAE against P. digitatum were 0.5 and 1 μL/mL, respectively. The results of conductivity, cell activity staining, and calcium fluoride white staining revealed that PAE damaged the membrane and cell wall integrity of P. digitatum . PAE promoted ROS accumulation in P. digitatum , as shown by 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCHF-DA) staining, which may induce cell death. To further investigate the molecular regulatory network of PAE in P. digitatum , we performed an RNA-sequencing analysis. The results displayed that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the biogenetic pathway of ribosomes, and all of these genes were downregulated, suggesting that PAE treatment interfered with ribosome biogenesis in P. digitatum and inhibited the normal life processes of cells. Furthermore, PAE treatment reduced the incidence and severity of citrus green mold, and the overall control effect of the PAE treatment group with 5 × MFC was greater than that with 10 × MFC. Therefore, we determined the activity of enzymes related to fruit disease resistance. The results revealed that PAE treatment significantly increased the activities of CAT, POD, and PAL in citrus. These findings demonstrate that PAE prevents green mold disease by increasing the activity of citrus disease-resistant enzymes.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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采后生物学
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分子生物学
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微生物学
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农业科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
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2023
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IF 7
Fan Yang,Shuqi Liu,Zhonghuan Tian,Yujie Du,Deyao Zhang,Chao-an Long
Edetate salts are a kind of food additive regarded as candidates for chemical fungicides because of their lower toxicity and higher safety for the environment and human health. The antifungal activities of edetate salts have been determined in some phytopathogens except Penicillium digitatum , which causes the most destructive fungal disease during the citrus postharvest period. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of calcium disodium edetate (EDTA-Na 2 Ca) against P. digitatum in deepth. The results suggested that EDTA-Na 2 Ca inhibited the P. digitatum P44 strain in vitro at a minimum inhibitory/fungicidal concentration (MIC/MFC) of 50 mmol L −1 . Meanwhile, EDTA-Na 2 Ca also inhibited P. digitatum in vivo by enhancing the host defense system. The P44 strain treated with EDTA-Na2Ca displayed a delayed conidial germination rate, expanded hyphal tips, thickened septa and cell walls, and destroyed mitochondria. Transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR analyses indicated that EDTA-Na 2 Ca suppressed the P44 strain primarily by disturbing the carbohydrate metabolism pathway, especially the synthesis of pyruvate in glycolysis. In addition, the adverse effects, including those on mycelial growth, pyruvate synthesis and superoxide dismutase activity, of EDTA-Na 2 Ca could be reversed by exogenous Mn 2+ , implying that Mn 2+ chelation is an essential mode of action. In summary, the current work verifies that EDTA-Na 2 Ca is a potential antifungal drug that cures citrus green mold probably by chelating Mn 2+ and targeting pyruvate synthesis in P. digitatum .
研究领域:
植物病理学
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分子生物学
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食品科学
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环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
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2024
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IF 2.2
Reymick Okwong Oketch,Duan Bin,Feng Zhao,Zhang Yong Hua,Ouyang Qiuli,Kaaya Archileo N.,Tao Nengguo
Management of Penicillium digitatum requires use of highly effective fungicides that are not prone to drug resistance and are safe to humans and the environment. This study examined the fungicidal potential of combinations of cuminaldehyde (CA) + trans-2-hexen-1-al (TH) and CA + Citral. Both CA + TH and CA + Citral exhibited enhanced fungitoxicity against P. digitatum than CA, citral or TH alone. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CA + Citral consisted of 0.13 ml/L CA and 0.3 ml/L citral, representing a synergistic interaction. MIC of CA + TH consisted of 0.12 ml/L CA and 0.15 ml/L TH, representing an additive interaction. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of CA + Citral and of CA + TH consisted of 0.26 ml/L CA and 0.6 ml/L citral, and 0.18 ml/L CA and 0.24 ml/L TH, respectively. 10×MFC CA + Citral in Tween-80 (WCI) delayed onset of hyphal growth in fruits inoculated with P. digitatum to day 5 compared to day 4 in the 10×MFC CA + TH in Tween-80 (WCT) treatment, and day 3 for the control samples. Daily green mold disease incidence and disease severity were much lower in WCI and WCT treatments than in the 10×MFC CA in Tween-80 (WCA) treatment and in control samples. Our results show that WCI was much fungitoxic against P. digitatum than WCT and WCA, its effect being comparable to that of imazalil. Additionally, at 25 ± 2 °C and 85–90% relative humidity, both WCI and WCT markedly preserved fruit quality by day 6 of treatment. WCI and WCT are thus, safe, cheap and highly effective alternatives to chemical fungicides being used to control postharvest green mold in citrus fruits.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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食品科学
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微生物学
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农业化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2021
·
IF 5.279
Zhirong Wang,Tao Zhong,Xuhui Chen,Bing Yang,Muying Du,Kaituo Wang,Zsolt Zalán,Jianquan Kan
In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were generated by Pseudomonas fluorescens ZX with incubation in nutrient broth (NB), on NA (NB with agar), and on healthy orange fruits, and pure individual components of VOCs were used to manage citrus green mold infected by Penicillium digitatum. At a concentration of 1 × 1010 cfu/mL, the VOCs from antagonist-containing NA plates inhibited P. digitatum conidial germination and mycelial growth by about 60%, while the VOCs from bacterial fluid exhibited approximately 75% inhibitory effect. Biofumigation by VOCs significantly reduced the disease index, with a higher biocontrol efficacy by VOCs from bacterial fluid (about 51%) than from antagonist-containing NA plates (around 40%) or from antagonist-infested fruit (approximately 24%). Exposure to VOCs led to morphological abnormalities of P. digitatum conidia and hyphae. However, VOCs exhibited poor preventative and curative action against P. digitatum. The storage test showed that biofumigation had no negative effects on fruit quality. Antifungal assays suggested that dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide exhibited the highest inhibitory effects, which afforded complete inhibition at the lowest concentrations. In addition, organic acids were also promising in controlling green mold, but only at suitable low concentrations to avoid eliciting fruit’s physiological diseases.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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微生物学
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食品科学
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农业生物技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
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2025
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IF 6.8
Qiuli OuYang,MingChen Yang,Yonghua Zhang,Lu Li,Xiaoli Tan,Nengguo Tao
Huge postharvest citrus infections are produced by Penicillium digitatum . The antifungal activity of sodium trans -2-hexenylate (STH) against the P. digitatum growth and possible mechanism were investigated. The minimal inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations of STH against P. digitatum were 0.4 and 0.8 g L –1 , respectively. STH decreased the green mold incidence of Ponkan fruit without negatively impacting fruit quality. STH altered and distorted the external appearance of P. digitatum mycelia rather than the cell wall. Correspondingly, STH decreased the lipid and ergosterol levels while degrading the cell membrane integrity. Meanwhile, STH affected mitochondrial function by lowering the mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) and ATP levels, as well as malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities. Furthermore, MMP damage occurred earlier than that of cell membrane damage. Our current study showed that STH may be an acceptable substitute to chemical fungicide in postharvest disease control in citrus fruit and its underlying inhibitory mechanism is attributed to its ability to impair the mitochondrial function of P. digitatum .
研究领域:
植物病理学
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食品科学
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微生物学
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农业化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
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2023
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IF 7
Xingxing Yuan,Kuixian Meng,Shiwei Shi,Yaoyanbing Wu,Xiumei Chen,Qiuli OuYang,Nengguo Tao
This study investigated the efficacy of trans-2-hexenal in preventing green mold on postharvest citrus fruit and its mode of action against imazalil-resistant Penicillium digitatum Pdw03. Trans-2-hexenal inhibited Pdw03 at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 0.25 mL L −1 . Trans-2-hexenal reduced the incidence of green mold, which is a plant volatile compound with potent antifungal properties . Ultrastructural analysis revealed that trans-2-hexenal altered the mitochondrial structure of Pdw03. Trans-2-hexenal also increased the amount of reactive oxygen species, which hindered mitochondrial energy metabolism of Pdw03, resulting in mitochondrial structural damage and malfunction, and a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, RNA-seq analysis revealed that trans-2-hexenal altered the expression of some energy metabolism genes associated with the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation of Pdw03. Superoxide dismutase , catalase , glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were altered, and expression of the relevant gene was also quantified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR . Trans-2-hexenal damaged ribosomes, primarily by downregulation of the ribosomal structural component-associated genes RPL3 , RPS18 , RPL12 , RPL26 , RPL13A , RPL9 , RPL23 , and RPL4 , and then by reducing protein synthesis to achieve the inhibitory effect.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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采后技术
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分子生物学
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真菌生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）