ENERGY
·
2025
·
IF 9.4
Xiaoluan Lu,Xiaoqian Ma,Zhaosheng Yu,Yunlong Tian,Xinfei Chen,Feng Hong,Zhenjun Gao
Mitigating heavy metals (HMs) risk while improving fuel properties remains an important challenge in solid fuel production. Hence, ferric citrate (FC) was selected as an additive to analyse its effect on co-hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge (SS) and corncob (CC). SS and CC were converted to hydrochar at 230–260 °C and its chemical forms of HMs as well as fuel properties were evaluated. Results showed that temperature profoundly affects the influence of FC. At 260 °C and with the help of FC, a low ecological risk index was obtained. The fuel ratio, higher calorific value and combustion performance of hydrochar from co-HTC were enhanced and improved compared to hydrochar from SS. Additionally, FC further promoted dehydration and decarboxylation reactions. This study demonstrates that co-HTC with FC assisted is a viable strategy for producing high-quality biofuel with mitigated HM risks.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2012
·
IF 2.237
Shimin Kang,Xianglan Li,Juan Fan,Jie Chang
Hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose, lignin, d-xylose (substitute for hemicellulose), and wood meal (WM) was experimentally conducted between 225 and 265 °C, and the chemical and structural properties of the hydrochars were investigated. The hydrochar yield is between 45 and 60%, and the yield trend of the feedstock is lignin > WM > cellulose > d-xylose. The hydrochars seem stable below 300 °C, and aromatic structure is formed in all of these hydrochars. The C content, C recovery, energy recovery, ratio of C/O, and ratio of C/H in all of these hydrochars are among 63–75%, 80–87%, 78–89%, 2.3–4.1, and 12–15, respectively. The higher heating value (HHV) of the hydrochars is among 24–30 MJ/kg, with an increase of 45–91% compared with the corresponding feedstock. The carbonization mechanism is proposed, and furfural is found to be an important intermediate product during d-xylose hydrochar production, while lignin hydrothermal carbonization products are made of polyaromatic hydrochar and phenolic hydrochar. The formation of microspheres on the surface of cellulose and WM hydrochars is discussed, and transformation of the hemicellulose should be the reaction for WM microsphere production.
研究领域:
能源科学
·
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2023
·
IF 9.8
Longfei Xie,Le Gou,Donghai Xu,Krzysztof Kapusta,Liyi Dai,Yuanyuan Wang
Nitrogen (N) in sewage sludge (SS) should be reduced if it is to be used to produce clean solid fuels. However, the N transformation during hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of SS is not yet fully understood. Since the composition of SS is complex, it is wise to study a model compound, which should have typical functional groups of organic components. Hence, in this study, six model components (protein, lipid, cellulose, hemicellulose, humic acid , and lignin) representing the main organic components in SS were mixed with SS and treated at 150–270 °C for 1 h. The influence of the organic component and reaction temperature on hydrochar yield, hydrochar characterization, and N distribution in the products was investigated. Except for proteins and lipids, all the other components were found to contribute to the N content and aromatization of the hydrochar. Humus shows the best comprehensive performance in terms of both reducing the N content and increasing the aromaticity. The strongest effects of hemicellulose and cellulose on N retention in hydrochar are found to occur at 210 °C and 240 °C, respectively. The N retention caused by lignin is correlated with the Mannich reaction at 240 °C, while humus significantly promotes N transformation at 240 °C. For carbohydrates, lignin, and humus, the temperatures required for increasing the N content and aromaticity maintain a high degree of consistency. Although protein pulls down the energy recovery (ER) and yield of the hydrochar, observations indicate that it favors the carbonization process. This finding can be used for estimating the N content and quality of hydrochar and provides references for future research targeting the upgrading of hydrochar.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
能源科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Molecular Catalysis
·
2019
·
IF 2.938
Xin Ge,Meng Ge,Xinzhi Chen,Chao Qian,Xuemin Liu,Shaodong Zhou
The exploration of inexpensive and stable heterogeneous catalysts and application of green solvents for Ullmann C N coupling reaction remain challenging. We present a facile fabrication of copper nanoparticles on hydrochar as prepared from natural, inexpensive and renewable chitosan together with in-situ reduction of copper salt in a one-pot hydrothermal carbonization process. The copper nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed on hydrochar by choosing block copolymer F127 as surfactant. Moreover, maleic acid was introduced to improve the hydrophilicity of hydrochar. The most active copper nanocomposite catalyst, that is, Cu/HCS-MA-F127, exhibited excellent catalytic activity for Ullmann C N coupling reaction in water. The nature of the Cu/HCS-MA-F127 was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, TG, XRD, SEM and XPS. Moderate to excellent yields of aimed products were gained by using this catalytic strategy. Moreover, the Cu/HCS-MA-F127 catalyst can be reused by simple centrifugal recovery with a stable performance.
研究领域:
化学
·
材料科学
·
催化反应
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2019
·
IF 3.131
Qun Jiang,Weiling Xie,Siyue Han,Yifan Wang,Ying Zhang
The corn straw-converted hydrochar (HC), HC modified with H 3 PO 4 (H 3 PO 4 -HC), and HC modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI) (PEI-HC) were prepared in this study for Pb(II) adsorption from an aqueous solution. SEM, TEM , XRD , Raman, FT-IR, BET and XPS analysis were carried out for the characterization of the as-obtained samples, and the Pb(II) adsorption capacities and mechanism onto them were analyzed. The results of SEM show that PEI loading on HC could cover the aggregates of the carbon spheres, altering the microscopic characteristic of HC. The lower I D / I G value of H 3 PO 4 -HC and no residual cellulose provided evidence to H 3 PO 4 -HC suffering a more thoroughly carbonization process than the original HC or PEI-HC. Both H 3 PO 4 -HC and PEI-HC exhibited excellent performance for Pb(II) adsorption with q max of 353.4 mg g −1 and 214.0 mg g −1 , respectively, which are significantly higher than the adsorption capacity (32.67 mg g −1 ) of the original HC. And the dominant Pb(II) adsorption process onto the as-fabricated HCs was attributed to chemical reaction revealed by the results of XPS analysis. After the adsorption process, the binding energies of C O and C O or NH / NH 2 and N in the as-prepared HCs have been shifted, confirming that the surface functional groups had taken part in the Pb(II) adsorption. The main adsorption mechanisms of Pb(II) on H 3 PO 4 -HC are the ions exchange and hydrogen bonding , and that of PEI-HC are the coordination bonding and hydrogen bonding. This study put forward in-depth views on the adsorption mechanism of the modified HCs. This facilitates the development of new and efficient adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from water.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2021
·
IF 7.963
Yu-jie Wang,Yi Yu,Hua-jun Huang,Cheng-long Yu,Han-sun Fang,Chun-huo Zhou,Xin Yin,Wei-hua Chen,Xin-chun Guo
The treatment of sewage sludge (SS) is an environmental problem worldwide. In recent years, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of SS for hydrochar (HC) has attracted extensive attention. This study preliminarily explored the microwave-assisted HTC of SS for the first time. Increasing the reaction temperature (150–250 °C) and reaction time (0–120 min) resulted in a decrease in the HC yield, and it gradually increased with the rising solid–liquid ratio (0.03–0.25 g/mL). Compared with raw SS, the HC products possessed higher aromaticity, carbonization degree, porosity, and polarity, and lower content of soluble nutrients (N/P/K) and leachable heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni), indicating a lower risk of nutrient and heavy metal loss. Attention should be paid to the total contents of Zn and Cd in HC exceeded the permitted value for use in cultivated land with edible crops. The use of CaO as a catalyst improved the yield of HC, made the HC and process water (PW) weakly alkaline, and further passivated the heavy metals in the HC. In the case of H 3 PO 4 , although the conversion of SS was enhanced (lower content of volatile organic matter in HC), the contents of soluble nutrients (N/P/K) in HC/PW increased, and the migration of Zn and Cd into process water was enhanced. The HCs obtained in this study had poor combustion properties, but higher ignition temperatures than raw SS. PW must be properly treated or recycled because it still contained high contents of organic matter and nutrients. This fundamental study provides basic insights into the microwave-assisted HTC of SS.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2022
·
IF 10.753
Yuxin Liu,Tianye Wang,Ningning Song,Quanying Wang,Yuqing Wu,Ying Zhang,Hongwen Yu
An efficient, simple, and inexpensive N, S-co-doped hydrochar (SNHC) was synthesized from waste straw by a one-pot hydrothermal process without calcination for the removal of Cr(VI). SNHC demonstrated excellent adsorption performance for Cr(VI) and high stability, achieving a high capacity of 171.33 mg/g (293 K, pH 2) and a capacity retention of 82.73 % after five cycles. The adsorption behavior was determined as a multilayer adsorption process based on chemisorption according to the simulation the results of Freundlich adsorption isotherms and pseudo-second-order models. The characterization of SNHC revealed that graphite N and thiophene S formed by the material were the effective active sites, functioning as electron donors to contribute a significant amount of electrons to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Therefore, next to electrostatic adsorption and complexation, the synergistic reduction of Cr(VI) by graphite N and thiophene S was the main mechanism for Cr(VI) removal. Additionally, density functional theory calculations indicated a low adsorption energy of thiophene S, which increased the attractive interaction between SNHC and Cr(VI) and played the most important role in reducing Cr(VI). The mechanism of the effect of graphite N and thiophene S on Cr(VI) removal not only offered a comprehensive perspective on the role of N, S co-doped mediation in hydrochar but also provided the basic theory for its practical application.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2018
·
IF 5.807
Yang Li,Huan Liu,Kangxin Xiao,Xiang Liu,Hongyun Hu,Xian Li,Hong Yao
This study aims to figure out the influence of moisture content and chemical constitution, i.e. carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, of waste lettuce on the physicochemical structure of hydrochar produced via hydrothermal carbonization. The experimental results showed that homogenized carbon material can be obtained by hydrothermal treatment, regardless of the moisture content of feedstock. During the hydrothermal carbonization process of waste lettuce, carbohydrates were the most active reactants contributing to hydrochar formation. Meanwhile, Maillard reaction between proteins and carbohydrates occurred, which promoted the aromatization of the organic intermediates and increased the relative content of nitrogenous heterocyclic functional groups on the surface of hydrochar from 10.7 to 18.7%. Different from these two constitution, lipids did not participate in the carbonization reaction, the main hydrolyzates of lipids were adsorbed to the surface of hydrochar, leading to an increase in the mass of solid products.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Ping Zhang,Qi Liu,Hedong Yao,Tianqi Wang,Bo Zeng,Youqin Zou,Shiyi Fu,Kai Hu,Hongjun Guo
Emerging antibiotic pollutants pose a growing environmental challenge due to their complexity and widespread use. Swine manure (SM)-derived hydrothermal carbon adsorbents offer the potential for waste mitigation in livestock farming but are limited by low efficiency and poor pollutant recognition. Herein, a copper-decorated hydrochar with high selective adsorption capacity for antibiotics was engineered by incorporating Cu(II) into SM via a low-temperature hydrothermal carbonization. Characterizations revealed that copper, mainly in the form of CuO at lower hydrothermal temperatures, significantly enhanced tetracycline (TC) adsorption, achieving an uptake capacity of 291.2 mg·g −1 at 298 K, which surpassed that of most reported adsorbents on carbon materials. The adsorption performance was largely unaffected by various coexisting substances (anions and cations), except for H 2 PO 4 − and CO 3 2− . It remained effective across a wide pH range (4–10), exhibited exceptional selectivity for tetracycline-family antibiotics (TCs) in single and mixed systems, and was significantly superior to the pure CuO system. This selectivity was attributed to the formation of surface complexation between Cu(II) and the enol-carboxyl groups in TCs, as confirmed by XPS analysis and theoretical calculations. Fixed-bed column tests validated its efficiency in TC removal from real effluent, with a breakthrough point of 253 min for 10 % of the initial adsorbate concentration. This study not only supports the high-value utilization of SM resources but also provides valuable insights into the efficient and selective adsorption of antibiotics from wastewater.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
·
农业科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Chemical Engineering and Processing-Process Intensification
·
2020
·
IF 3.731
Sajjad Rasam,Mostafa Keshavarz Moraveji,Antonio Soria-Verdugo,Ali Salimi
An environmentally friendly adsorbent for the removal of lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions was prepared by hydrothermal carbonized of KOH activated Crocus sativus petals, generated as an agricultural residue. The influence of the operating parameters in the hydrothermal carbonization process on Pb 2+ adsorption capacity was evaluated by an artificial neural network method. The pore structure, morphology, functional groups and elemental composition of the activated hydrochar were characterized. The reaction temperature and residence time were found to be the main parameter affecting the physicochemical properties of the produced hydrochar. The optimal conditions of hydrothermal carbonization towards lead ions adsorption were as follows: temperature of 180 °C, residence time of 11.5 h, water/biomass ratio of 10 and ZnCl 2 /biomass ratio of 1.5, resulting in an adsorption capacity of 89.52 mg g −1 . The optimal hydrochar was selected for further investigation, including the kinetics and isotherms of adsorption.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
·
2021
·
IF 19.503
Liangliang Zhang,Kai Wang,Luying Yu,Kaijie Luo,Shaopeng Guo,Hong Chen,Xiang Li,Yonghang Chen,Xin Yu,Yajie Qian,Yanbiao Liu,Gang Xue
Sludge-derived hydrochar (HC) and pyrochar (PC) by hydrothermal and pyrolytic treatments were compared their peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation capacities toward atrazine (ATZ) removal. The HC alone induced lower ATZ removal than PC alone. However, ATZ removal was significantly enhanced in HC/PDS system rather than in PC/PDS system. ATZ removal via adsorption was very low, and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) primarily contributed to its removal, independently on the PDS addition. Compared to HC, PC possessed stronger electron transfer capacity, exhibiting a higher ATZ removal. After PDS addition, humic substances (HS) in HC (36.3 ± 2.4 mg/g) played a decisive role in enhanced ATZ degradation: PDS excited HS to a triplet state ( 3 HS*); then, PDS and 3 HS* together yielded more 1 O 2 . Meanwhile, 3 HS* accelerated electron transfer on HC surface. Thus, more electrons were transferred from AZT to 1 O 2 . However, function of small amount of HS in PC (1.5 ± 0.2 mg/g) could be ignored.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
污染控制
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
·
2024
·
IF 7.6
Fei Wang,Xingyu Liu,Chennan Guo,Fei Lian,Zimeng Li,Meiyan Wang,Binbin Sun,Wenling Wu,Hongwen Sun
Low activation performance is a critical issue limiting the practical application of low-cost biochar in the advanced oxidation . Given the high potential of transition metals in the persulfate activation process and abundant oxygen-containing groups of hydrochar , hydrochar derived from cobalt (Co)-modified iron (Fe)-enriched sludge was synthesized and its performance and activation mechanism for the degradation of triclosan were investigated. Co modification significantly altered the morphology of hydrochar, and the increased Co–Fe mass ratios transformed hydrochar from granular to rose-shaped lamellar and then to helical sheet structures. Specific surface area, defect degree, and oxygen-containing groups of hydrochar increased with increasing cobalt-iron mass ratios. The highest removal of triclosan was up to 98% in the hydrochar/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system under a wide range of pHs (3–10) and still remained higher than 90% after four cycles. Both Radical (mainly hydroxyl radical) and nonradical pathways (singlet oxygen and electron transfer) were evidenced to play roles in the triclosan removal. Fe 3+ promoted the regeneration of Co 2+ and realized the efficient circulation of Co 3+ /Co 2+ . A ternary system consisting of electron donor (triclosan)-electron mediator (hydrochar)-electron acceptor (PMS) provided channels for electron transfer . No measurable Co and Fe were released during the reaction, and the toxicity of degradation intermediates was lower than that of triclosan. Beside triclosan, rhodamine B, bisphenol A, sulfamethoxazole, and phenol were also almost degraded completely in this oxidation system. This study provides a promising way for the enhancement of catalytic activity of carbonaceous material.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）