ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 6.7
Yajuan Yan,Jialian Ding,Wenxuan Fu,Lurong Ding,Wei Hu,Guangzhong Ma,Bin Su
Immunotherapy using activated T cells as the weapon for controlling and eliminating tumor cells represents a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment, in which accurate detection of T cell activation is critical for evaluating the immunotherapy efficacy. Activated T cells upregulate specific plasma membrane biomarkers, such as CD69, that can act as an indicator of activation status. In this work, we report a novel strategy of assessing T cell activation by electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging of CD69 expression on the plasma membrane. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized by polyethylenimine (PEI-SiO2) were prepared as both “nanocoreactant” and “nanoreactor” to remarkably enhance the ECL reaction through a dual-pathway scheme, in which both the catalytic route and the low-oxidation-potential route contribute to produce an enhanced ECL signal. Based on this strategy, subsequent conjugation of PEI-SiO2 with anti-CD69 antibodies allowed us to detect individual CD69 proteins by single-molecule ECL imaging, visualize their spatial distribution on the plasma membrane of activated T cell, and reveal their expression dynamics. The results establish a novel dark-field imaging strategy for assessing T cell activation, offering a low-background tool for investigating immune cell dynamics and immunotherapy efficacy through single-cell-level analysis of key biomarkers.
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Desalination and Water Treatment
·
2025
·
IF 1
Yinyu Chen,Mingfei Huang,Zuhui Qin,Lei Zhang,Jiahao Mo,Xianhui Li
Swelling of membranes can lead to reduced mechanical strength and deformation of the pore structure. The traditional cross-linking modification method still suffers from the disadvantages of solvent residue and complex operations. This study proposed a stability-enhanced sulfonated polysulfone (SPSF)-polyethyleneimine (PEI)/polyethersulfone (PES) composite membrane through a simple and effective strategy using a two-nozzle electrospinning technique. The SPSF/PES and PEI/PES jets interweave in the electric field via electrostatic interactions or hydrogen bonding to form a composite membrane, which demonstrated a tensile strength increase of over 85.2 % alongside a swelling ratio reduction exceeding 51.4 % compared with the PEI/PES membrane. The adsorption of SPSF-PEI/PES composite membranes for Acid Fuchsin follows a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Besides, the adsorption capacities of the optimal composite membrane for Acid Orange 7 (AO7), Acid Fuchsin (AF), Congo Red (RB), and Methyl Blue (MB) reached 267.9, 320.2, 428.4, and 439.5 mg/g, respectively. This study proposed a simple and effective strategy for preparing electrospun membranes with improved swelling properties and high-efficiency anionic dye adsorption.
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NATURE MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 38
Pei Mengjiao,Gao Tian,Liu Li,Li Wenlong,Long Haotian,Luo Yifei,Teng Zhaogang,Cui Hangyuan,Li Xiang,Dai Qinyong,Shi Kailu,Qiao Lesheng,Peng Baocheng,Xing Qianye,Wen Manhua,Han Mengtao,Wan Zhenhua,Li Yun,Xue Bin,Cao Yi,Shi Yi,Wan Qing,Chen Xiaodong,Wan Changjin
Neuromorphic prosthesis demands not only the assembly of neural architectures and functions but also robustness against unpredictable failures in dynamic physiological environments. While self-healing electronics have been demonstrated to restore synapse-like functions, their application to higher-order cognitive functions remains limited. Here we present a hydrogel-based iontronic reservoir that demonstrates exceptional physical and functional robustness for neuromorphic prosthesis. The nonlinear dynamics of the hydrogel–electrode interface can serve as a physical reservoir to preprocess time series, with minimized susceptibility to physical damage. Our system based on the hydrogel-based iontronic reservoir achieves 95% accuracy in speech recognition and can restore such capability within 0.02 s after reattaching the fractured points, outperforming biological systems in the neurorehabilitation process. Moreover, its pH-sensitive dynamics enable adaptive closed-loop neural stimulation control in a rat model, validating its potential for neural rehabilitation and sensorimotor function restoration. We expect such a hydrogel-based iontronic reservoir to improve both processing efficiency and robustness for next-generation neuroprosthetics and human–machine interfaces.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2026
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IF 5.4
Zilong Yin,Xiaohui Lu,Xiuli Yan,Yan Li,Chunfeng Wang,Shenjun Qin,Shuangshuo Li,Tao Chang
The effective removal of highly toxic Cr(VI) from industrial wastewater necessitates the development of an exceptionally efficient and stable adsorbent. Herein, we designed an innovative strategy for constructing a multifunctional polymer adsorbent, wherein cationic viologen served as both the cross-linker and the immobilization carrier for polyethyleneimine (PEI) through the Zincke reaction. Moreover, the incorporation of Pluronic F127 as a soft template induced the formation of well-defined mesoporous microspheres, which significantly improved the accessibility of active sites and the surface hydrophilicity of the adsorbent. Consequently, the synthesized adsorbent, VLF-PEI 10,000 -Cl, exhibited an ultra-high adsorption capacity of 1304 mg/g for Cr(VI) under optimal conditions (pH 2, 318 K), surpassing that of most reported materials. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm, indicating a monolayer chemical adsorption process. Meanwhile, a synergistic triple-action mechanism, encompassing "capture-detoxification-complexation" processes, was identified as contributing to the superior adsorption capacity. Notably, substituting the counterions with nitrate ions (NO 3 − ) resulted in a 5% enhancement in removal efficiency within nitrate-rich water. This result demonstrates the great potential of tailoring the adsorbent's counterion composition to enhance its adsorption performance in various aquatic environments.
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ACS Nano
·
2026
·
IF 17.3
Yang Chen,Ranjie Lei,Qi Guo,Kehao Liu,Huaiyi Cheng,Sanyang Yu,Yuzhou Li,Ping He,Sheng Yang
Cationic materials serve as a critical strategy for capturing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are structured around negatively charged DNA and represent a key pro-inflammatory pathogenic factor. However, their application is constrained by the inherent cytotoxicity of positive charges. Here, we develop a charge-adaptive neutrophil-targeted nanoparticle system (CPS@BA) through conjugating sialic acid (SA) to carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)–polyethylenimine (PEI) copolymer and physically encapsulating the calcium chelator BAPTA-AM (BA). This smart nanoparticle exhibits charge adaptability, dynamically and reversibly responding to acidic transitions in the pathological milieu. When sensing the acidic milieu on activated neutrophil surfaces, CPS@BA reverses its charge from negative to positive, thereby facilitating rapid NETs capture. Once inflammation is resolved and the pH returns to neutral, the residual CPS@BA reversibly switches back to biocompatible negative charges, effectively minimizing cationic biotoxicity. Meanwhile, charge adaptation triggers a cascade of size adaptation, enabling CPS@BA to ingeniously regulate the release of BA, which could suppress further NETs formation by chelating intracellular Ca2+ and inhibiting PAD4 enzymatic activation. As a result, the simultaneous clearance and inhibition of NETs effectively block the detrimental crosstalk between NETs and macrophages by interrupting the CXCL3–CXCR2 axis. This intervention rescues mitochondrial dysfunction and promotes metabolic reprogramming in pro-inflammatory macrophages, ultimately alleviating inflammatory bone resorption in experimental periodontitis. Overall, this study presents a secure and reversible charge-adaptive strategy capable of simultaneously clearing and inhibiting NETs, holding broad potential for the treatment of all free DNA-driven inflammatory diseases.
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ChemNanoMat
·
2026
·Vol. 12
·期 2
·e202500591
·
IF 2.6
Jihao Zuo,Ying Li,Jinting Cai,Zehao Chen,Ting Zheng,Haohui Tan,Meishan Chen,Shanshan Li,Cailong Zhou
The escalating discharge of oily wastewater presents a considerable threat to both ecological systems and human health, making the development of efficient treatment technologies an ongoing challenge. This study constructed binary composite membranes that effectively integrate polymeric and metallic substrates by integrating a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane with an acid-etched copper mesh (CM). The binary composite membranes were subsequently modified with a polydopamine/polyethylenimine (PDA/PEI) complex to produce superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic PVDF/mesh binary composite membranes (PP@PVDF/triethyl phosphate (TEP) n -roughened CM (RCM)). By varying the mass ratio of PVDF to the solvent TEP, the phase separation kinetics were systematically regulated, resulting in five distinct membranes with tailored pore sizes and porosity levels. Among these, PP@PVDF/TEP 30 -RCM exhibited outstanding separation performance for various immiscible oil–water mixtures, achieving separation efficiencies exceeding 99.60% and reaching a maximum of 99.97%. When applied to the separation of surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions under gravity-driven conditions, PP@PVDF/TEP 30 -RCM demonstrated high permeation fluxes, all above 1010 L·m −2 ·h −1 , coupled with separation efficiencies exceeding 99.10%. Furthermore, PP@PVDF/TEP 30 -RCM maintained high separation efficiency over 15 repeated cycles. The PVDF/mesh binary composite membranes developed in this work combine high separation efficiency with robust durability, making them promising candidates for the sustainable separation of challenging oil/water emulsions.
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JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
·
2026
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IF 8.8
Qihang Li,Bo Jin,Yanhong Ji,Jianqiang Meng
Achieving efficient monovalent/divalent cation separation remains challenging due to the trade-off between membrane permeability and selectivity. Herein, we report a novel polyesteramide (PEA) nanofiltration membrane incorporating cyclic di(hydroxybenzo)-18-crown-6 (DHB18C6) via interfacial polymerization (IP) of piperazine (PIP), DHB18C6, and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal that DHB18C6 retards PIP diffusion via hydrogen bonding, yielding a thinner separation layer with narrower pore size distribution (mean pore diameter = 0.46 nm, σ p = 1.348) compared to conventional PA membranes. The optimized PIP@DHB18C6-TFC membrane achieves exceptional MgCl 2 rejection (>99.0%) through size exclusion, while the 18-crown-6 cavities provide facilitated transport channels for K + due to optimal radius matching. In mixed-salt filtration tests (2000 ppm, mass ratio of 20:1), the membrane exhibits outstanding selectivities of 106.7 for K + /Mg 2+ , 90.0 for Na + /Mg 2+ , and 57.2 for Li + /Mg 2+ , significantly surpassing most reported nanofiltration membranes. The membrane maintains stable performance over 72-h continuous operation. This work demonstrates that integrating cyclic crown ethers into PEA networks offers a promising strategy for developing high-performance ion-selective membranes, with particular advantages for potassium recovery applications.
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 6
Jianyu Liu,Wenmin Liao,Decheng Li,Yingying Zhang,Xiaodong Li,Yang Zhang,Zhibo Ma,Zihao Liu,Linan Xu,Haitao Li
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a promising material for piezocatalytic applications due to its exceptional physicochemical properties. However, its practical implementation is fundamentally limited by weak inherent electroactivity. To overcome this limitation, we engineered a highly self-polarized PVDF nanocomposite via water-mediated polarization combined with a multivariate composite design strategy, resulting in markedly enhanced piezocatalytic performance. This hybrid system incorporates rigid electroactive nanofillers within a high-piezoelectric-phase matrix, endowing it with superior electromechanical coupling and catalytic activity. The optimized composite demonstrates remarkable degradation efficiencies of 96.6% for 10 mg L −1 RhB within 10 min and 87.2% for 150 mg L −1 RhB within 2 h, representing an 8.4-fold improvement over commercial PVDF. The material maintains excellent reusability and consistent performance across diverse aqueous environments. Notably, it achieves an unprecedented H 2 O 2 production rate of 1645.8 μmol g −1 · h −1 , surpassing commercial PVDF by nine-fold. This work provides a viable strategy for advancing sustainable environmental remediation and green chemical production.
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ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
·
2026
·
IF 6.1
Qing Li,Yage Guan,Qian Wang,Daxiang Gui,Yingqiang Fu
s Background 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a widely used herbicide whose environmental residues pose threats to ecology and health. Copper ions (Cu 2+ ), as common heavy metal pollutants, can exhibit synergistic toxicity with 2,4-D, exacerbating environmental risks. Traditional single-emission fluorescent probes are typically limited to detecting a single target or operating in a single mode, making it challenging to achieve simultaneous monitoring of multiple pollutants. Therefore, developing novel multifunctional fluorescent probes capable of concurrently detecting both Cu 2+ and 2,4-D holds significant importance. Results This work successfully synthesized Rhodamine-modified carbon quantum dots (R-CQDs) via a one-step hydrothermal method. The material exhibits dual emission fluorescence peaks at 464 nm and 544 nm. Cu 2+ selectively quenches the 464 nm fluorescence, while 2,4-D restores fluorescence intensity by competing with Cu 2+ for coordination via its carboxyl group. The detection limits for Cu 2+ and 2,4-D are 2.71 × 10 −3 μM and 1.86 × 10 −3 μM, respectively. Further integration with a smartphone platform combined photocurrent sensing and fluorometric colorimetry, enabling expansion to visual, portable triple-mode (fluorescence, photocurrent, colorimetry) detection. Detection limits for Cu 2+ and 2,4-D reached 0.01382 μM and 0.01925 μM, respectively. This achieved highly sensitive and selective cascade detection of 2,4-D and Cu 2+ . Significance: This multi-signal complementary strategy significantly enhances interference resistance and reliability, providing a portable, low-cost, and universal solution for on-site and rapid monitoring of heavy metal and pesticide residues in environmental and food matrices.
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Nanoscale
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Yunfan Chen,Tengjiao Zhu,Langran Wang,Yechen Wang,Qizhao Tan,Yun Tian,Lu Zhao,Qi An,Gao Si
Osteomyelitis is a progressive bone infection with high disability and recurrence rates. However, current diagnostic approaches, including bacterial culture, imaging, and serological assays, suffer from poor sensitivity, low specificity, and delayed turnaround, making intraoperative evaluation particularly challenging. Here, we present an Ag-TiO₂-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform for rapid, label-free detection of osteomyelitis using minimal volumes of wound saline irrigation fluid (WSIF). Benefiting from the synergistic interplay between electromagnetic field amplification and enhanced interfacial charge-transfer interactions, the Ag-TiO₂ substrate provides ultrasensitive detection with high spectral reproducibility, enabling reliable identification of subtle biochemical changes in complex clinical samples. Quantitative analysis indicates that strengthened charge-transfer processes significantly enhance molecular Raman responses, while plasmonic electromagnetic effects remain essential for overall signal amplification. Distinct Raman fingerprints of infected, non-infected, and recovered patients were successfully classified using artificial intelligence (AI) models, revealing metabolic alterations in amino acids, purines, proteins, and lipids associated with bacterial infection and immune response. This integration of SERS with AI not only elucidates the mechanistic basis of spectral enhancement but also demonstrates clinical feasibility for intraoperative osteomyelitis diagnosis, offering a promising strategy to improve surgical precision and reduce recurrence risk.
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POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2026
·Vol. 37
·期 2
·e70517
·
IF 3.8
Nur Muhammad,Hongchen Song
Ion-exchange membrane chromatography (IEMC) is a promising alternative to conventional resin-based systems for bioseparation, offering advantages in throughput, pressure drop, and compatibility with continuous processing. However, challenges related to membrane morphology, functional ligand distribution, and scalability remain. In this study, we present a one-step fabrication approach to prepare cellulose acetate (CA)-based anion-exchange membranes by incorporating low-molecular-weight poly(ethylene imine) (PEI, M w ~10,000) and epichlorohydrin (ECH) crosslinker into the casting solution, followed by phase separation via a modified NIPS/VIPS method. The influence of PEI molecular weight and crosslinker type on membrane morphology, porosity, permeability, and binding performance was systematically evaluated. SEM analysis revealed that low-Mw PEI produced a homogeneous sponge-like structure, favorable for prolonged solute interaction, while high-Mw PEI ( M w ~750,000) led to dense or irregular morphologies. Among the tested crosslinkers, ECH yielded membranes with the highest flux, high porosity, and strong structural stability. FTIR and EDS analyses confirmed the successful incorporation of amine functional groups. When tested using a single-pass tangential flow filtration (SPTFF) system, the optimized CA-PEI-ECH membrane demonstrated superior BSA retention (up to 85.66%) and a sustained dynamic binding capacity over time compared to a previously studied 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) functionalized CA membrane and non-functionalized supports. Finally, scale-up was achieved using a pilot-scale casting system, which produced membranes with consistent structure and performance. This work offers a practical and scalable route to fabricate high-performance IEMC membranes suitable for modern, continuous bioseparation processes.
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Energy & Environmental Materials
·
2026
·
IF 14.1
Qilin Lu,Liying Zhang,Pengyun Zhang,Junjie Wang,Huamin Chen,Hanchen Wang
The integration of bioplastics with Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs) enables environmentally friendly energy harvesting, but their combustibility and inefficiency restrict their application in high-temperature environments. Herein, inspired by lotus leaves, a robust, heat-resistant, chitosan-based bioplastic is developed via an ethanol-induced surface association (EISA) effect for superinsulated multifunctional TENGs. This approach created a surface topological structure of the bioplastic with a high charge density and large contact area on the upper surface, complemented by a smooth lower surface. The unique structure and intrinsic nitrogen-phosphorus synergy endowed the bioplastic with enhanced energy harvesting ability, superior mechanical strength and exceptional non-combustibility (limiting oxygen index exceeds 70%, UL94 V-0 rating). With these attributes, a noncombustible bioplastic-based TENG with ultra heat-resistance (above 200 °C), excellent stress- and temperature-sensitivity, along with high energy harvesting capacity is designed. It enables stable high electrical output even when exposed to external fire sources and facilitates temperature and stress monitoring in fire scenarios. Overall, this study presents a promising approach to designing super flame-retardant bioplastic-based TENG with temperature and stress sensitivity, suitable for intelligent firefighting applications such as early fire detection, fire scene monitoring, and firefighter hazard alerts.
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