The effects of phospholipids (PL) addition in the high fat diet on growth performance, oxidative stress, lipid and protein metabolism, and muscle development in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
This present study was undertaken to explore the influences of phospholipids (PL) addition in the high-fat diet (HFD) on growth performance, nutritional composition, oxidative stress, lipid and protein metabolism in the muscle tissue of yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The five experimental diets were formulated, which included the control (10.31 % normal dietary lipid without PL addition), high-fat dietary group (HFD, 14.99 % dietary lipid without PL addition), 0.1 % PL group (PL1,10.83 % dietary lipid with 0.1 % PL addition), high-fat diet +0.1 % PL group (HFD + PL1, 14.93 % dietary lipid with 0.1 % PL addition) and high-fat diet +0.2 % PL group (HFD + PL2, 14.76 % dietary lipid with 0.2 % PL addition). The feeding experiment continued for 10wk, and then the muscle samples were taken. Compared to the control, HFD reduced growth performance, feed utilization, muscle crude protein and total PL content, induced oxidative stress, lipogenesis and caused muscle lipid accumulation, and PL addition alleviated the HFD-induced changes above. HFD group had the smaller (100-249 μm) myofiber areas, while other groups showed a higher proportion of greater myofiber areas (>350 μm). Additionally, HFD suppressed the expression of muscle regulatory factors and protein synthesis, triggered protein degradation, whereas the PL addition in the diet mitigated the suppressive effects induced by HFD. Furthermore, the HFD inhibited the expression of muscle regulatory factors and protein synthesis, induced protein degradation; PL addition alleviated the HFD-induced inhibition of muscle regulatory factors and protein synthesis, and alleviated the HFD-induced protein degradation. Mechanistically, HFD enhanced the MYOG/FOXO3 binding with the atrogin-1/murf-1 promoters and increased their expression, and PL addition alleviated these effects induced by HFD. Taken together, our research demonstrated that dietary phospholipids could alleviate the adverse effects induced by HFD, and accordingly are beneficial additives for aquatic feeds. Our results also provided innovative insights into the regulatory mechanism of muscle development and growth in the vertebrates. Statement of relevance Our results indicated that dietary PL alleviated adverse effects of HFD on growth performance, oxidative stress, lipid and protein metabolism in the muscle of fish, and accordingly was a good additive in the aquafeeds.
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