Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, called Danshen in Chinese, is the dried root and rhizome of S. miltiorrhiza , which is part of the mint family, Lamiaceae; it has chiefly been used to treat blood stasis and improve blood flow in cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases for over 2000 years. Recent preclinical studies have indicated that S. miltiorrhiza has a wide range of pharmacological properties making it useful for the treatment of diverse liver diseases. S. miltiorrhiza protects the liver from harmful hepatotoxins, reduces hepatic oxidative stress, ameliorates steatosis, and alleviates hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer. Moreover, several key mechanisms, including apoptosis, AMP-activated protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor kappa B, may be involved in the benefits of S. miltiorrhiza in hepatic disorders. In particular, salvianolic acid B and cryptotanshinone, both compounds derived from S. miltiorrhiza , possess therapeutic activities similar to those of S. miltiorrhiza , and thus may play a crucial role in the therapeutic activity of S. miltiorrhiza in liver diseases. Because reports on the pharmacological effects of this herb are scattered, this review aimed to consolidate the available literature to allow the re-evaluation and identification of gaps to guide future research. This review focuses on the role of S. miltiorrhiza in improving the molecular pathology of liver diseases, as reported in in vitro and in vivo studies.
Yang Zhong,Jiayu Gu,Yaoquan Su,Lingzhi Zhao,Yunyun Zhou,Juanjuan Peng
Herbal medicines and dietary supplements are widely used worldwide. However, reports have revealed that a large number of herbal medicines are implicated in the hepatic damage, which is referred to as Herbal medicines-induced liver injury (HILI). Traditional diagnostic methods for HILI include histological and serological assessments, which fail to offer real-time and unambiguous visualization of hepatotoxicity in vivo . Herein, we constructed a second near-infrared (NIR-II) luminescent nanoprobes to achieve accurate, high-efficiency, and non-invasive detection of HILI by the assembly of lanthanide-based NIR-II luminescence nanoparticles with a chromophore with absorption band in the NIR-II region. Specifically, the NIR-II luminescence of the lanthanide nanoparticles can be effectively quenched by the chromophores on the surface of nanoparticles via an absorption competition-induced quenching effect, and subsequently recovered by the pathophysiological biomarker peroxynitrite (ONOO − ) generated in early HILI. It is demonstrated that the nanoprobes are capable for the screening of liver toxins in a noninvasive pattern, which is more convenient than the conventional diagnostic approaches. Finally, our luminescence detection approach offers an immediate testing technique for the identification of hepatotoxic components of herbal medicine such as colchicine, monocrotaline and stibene glucoside, providing a high-throughput screening strategy for herbal medicine-induced hepatotoxicity.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）