CROP PROTECTION
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2011
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IF 1.517
B. Sarath Babu,S.R. Pandravada,R.D.V.J. Prasada Rao,K. Anitha,S.K. Chakrabarty,K.S. Varaprasad
Today India is the main producer of peppers especially the hot peppers , albeit mostly for domestic use. The thrips and mites, and the virus diseases transmitted by them along with fungal diseases like fruit rot, powdery mildew , bacterial wilt and leaf spots are the limiting factors in pepper productivity. The solution for managing these pests on a sustained basis exists in adopting eco-friendly approaches like using resistant cultivars. Fortunately huge natural genetic diversity exists in pepper and therefore, essential research efforts in finding out resistant sources and their utilization have been by and large dynamic and successful. Despite continuous scientific efforts there is a dire need for new cultivars with resistant traits for various pests suitable to varied climatic conditions, consumption and quality preferences all over the world. Efforts need to be intensified to find out useful genetic material and to introduce genes of resistance against insects, fungal and virus diseases into commercial cultivars. Genetic resources that have been used intensively in pepper breeding are for developing sweet peppers, hot peppers, bell peppers in various shapes, sizes and colors. Germplasm repositories at the World Vegetable Research Center (AVRDC) and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) do possess number of genotypes resistant to insect pests , nematode, fungi, bacteria and virus diseases. At AVRDC resistant genotypes originating from several pepper growing countries to most virus diseases like Tobacco mosaic virus , Cucumber mosaic virus , Pepper veinal mottle virus , Chilli veinal mottle virus , Peanut bud necrosis virus etc., were identified from its rich pepper diversity. Exploitation of rich genetic diversity resulted in the development of new cultivars encompassing resistance to various pests and good agronomical traits. This has eventually resulted in meeting the demanding situations of diverse domestic as well as global production requirements. The chile database ( Chile Database, 2010 ) highlights the exemplary utilization of germplasm and development of large number of cultivars and hybrids resistant to most diseases and nematodes around the world. This paper also depicts information on Indian sources of resistance to thrips, mites, leaf curl complex, nematodes and diseases, while presenting the scope for exploitation of diversity available in the Indian National Gene Bank and other repositories all over the world. An attempt is also made to identify the gaps in the genetic diversity and cultivars against the biotic constraints and the augmentation efforts required to be initiated toward enrichment of the gene pool for domestic as well as global use.
研究领域:
植物学
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遗传学
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农业科学
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DOI
高影响因子
3 Biotech
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2020
·Vol. 10
·期 7
·1-10
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IF 1.798
Peng Xiao-Lun,Zhao Wei-Jun,Wang Yuan-Shan,Dai Ke-Lei,Cen Yu-Ke,Liu Zhi-Qiang,Zheng Yu-Guo
Gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) is a natural plant growth hormone that has been widely used in agriculture and horticulture. To obtain higher GA 3 producing strains, the method of screening the strains for resistance to simvastatin was used after treatment with nitrosoguanidine (NTG) and gamma rays. The rationale for the strategy was that mutants showing simvastatin resistance were likely to be high GA 3 producers, as their activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase is relatively more effective. GA 3 yield of mutant S109 increased by 14.2% than that of the original strain. The GA 3 production ability in mutant S109 remained relatively stable after ten generations. With the addition of 0.4 g glycerol on the 5th day during the fermentation process in Erlenmeyer flask, maximum GA 3 production of 2.7 g/L was achieved by this mutant, exhibiting 28.6% increase compared with original strain. Furthermore, we also achieved 2.8 g/L GA 3 and had a 33.3% increase with addition 20 g glycerol on the 5th day during the fermentation process in a 5-L bioreactor. Our results indicated efficient GA 3 production could be achieved on the condition that the supply of glycerol at the suitable conditions. This study would lay a foundation for industrial production of GA 3 .
研究领域:
植物学
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微生物学
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遗传学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Frontiers in Plant Science
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2023
·
IF 5.6
Chen Qingbing,Gao Kang,Xu YuRan,Sun YaHui,Pan Bo,Chen Dongliang,Luo Chang,Cheng Xi,Liu Hua,Huang Conglin
Chrysanthemums are one of the top ten most well-known traditional famous flowers in China and one of the top four cut flowers worldwide, holding a significant position in landscape gardening. The cold temperatures of winter restrict the cultivation, introduction, and application of chrysanthemum, resulting in high costs for year-round production. This severely impacts the ornamental and economic value of chrysanthemum. Therefore, research on cold tolerance is of vital importance for guiding chrysanthemum production and application. With the development of genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and other omics approaches, along with high-throughput molecular marker technologies, research on chrysanthemum cold tolerance has been continuously advancing. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the progress in cold tolerance research from various aspects, including chrysanthemum phenotype, physiological mechanisms, the forward genetics, molecular mechanisms, and breeding. The aim is to offer insights into the mechanisms of cold tolerance in chrysanthemum and provide reference for in-depth research and the development of new cold tolerance chrysanthemum varieties.
研究领域:
植物学
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遗传学
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园艺学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
BREEDING SCIENCE
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2018
·
IF 1.559
Hiroyasu Yamaguchi
Ornamental plants that have a rich variety of flower colors and shapes are highly prized in the commercial flower market, and therefore, mutant cultivars that produce different types of flowers while retaining their growth habits are in demand. Furthermore, mutation breeding is well suited for ornamental plants because many species can be easily vegetatively propagated, facilitating the production of spontaneous and induced mutants. The use of ion beams in mutation breeding has rapidly expanded since the 1990s in Japan, with the prospect that more ion beam-specific mutants will be generated. There are currently four irradiation facilities in Japan that provide ion beam irradiation for plant materials. The development of mutant cultivars using ion beams has been attempted on many ornamental plants thus far, and some species have been used to investigate the process of mutagenesis. In addition, progress is being made in clarifying the genetic mechanism for expressing important traits, which will probably result in the development of more efficient mutation breeding methods for ornamental plants. This review not only provides examples of successful mutation breeding results using ion beams, but it also describes research on mutagenesis and compares results of ion beam and gamma ray breeding using ornamental plants.
研究领域:
植物学
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遗传学
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园艺学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Bioresources and Bioprocessing
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2017
·Vol. 4
·期 1
·1-7
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IF 0
Jiang Ying,Shang Yue-Peng,Li Hao,Zhang Chao,Pan Jiang,Bai Yun-Peng,Li Chun-Xiu,Xu Jian-He
To improve the fermentation production of transglutaminase (TGase) from Streptomyces mobaraensis for applications in the food industry, the atmospheric and room-temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis was applied to breed S. mobaraensis mutants with increased TGase production.After eight rounds of iterative ARTP mutagenesis, four genetically stable mutants, Sm5-V1, Sm6-V13, Sm2-V10, and Sm7-V12, were identified, which showed increased TGase production by 27, 24, 24, and 19%, respectively. The best mutant Sm5-V1 exhibited a maximum TGase activity of 5.85 U/mL during flask fermentation. Compared to the wild-type strain, the transcription levels of the zymogen TGase genes in the mutants increased significantly as indicated by quantitative real-time PCR, while the gene nucleotide sequences of the mutants did not change at all. It was shown that the overexpression of TGase zymogen gene in the mutants contributes to the increase in TGase production.ARTP is a potentially efficient tool for microbial mutation breeding to bring some significant changes required for the industrial applications.
研究领域:
微生物学
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食品科学
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工业生物技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
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2023
·
IF 4.3
Yuan Zhong,Ming-jie Du,Run-ze Ji,Fang-yun Cheng
Polyploid breeding is one of the most important approaches to improve the traits of cultivated plants, but there has been no feasible method to get polyploid tree peony. In this study, we revealed a sexual triploidization approach from a diploid intersubsectional hybrid tree peony, Paeonia × lemoinei ‘High Noon’, to an allotriploid one, P. × lemoinei ‘Oukan’, by accurate karyotyping based on genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The ancestor genomes from P. suffruticosa and P. delavayi , which were defined as A-genome and B-genome respectively, were clearly distinguished by GISH in ‘High Noon’ and ‘Oukan’. Nonhomologous chromosomes were successfully recognized by means of 5S and 45S rDNA FISH. Karyotype comparation based on GISH and FISH indicated that the B-genome and one of the two A-genomes in ‘Oukan’ (2 n =3 x =15, AAB) were highly consistent to the corresponding genomes in ‘High Noon’ (2 n =2 x =10, AB), implying the triploid origination via 2 n gametes produced by first division restitution (FDR). In addition, it was demonstrated for the first time that the dual in series sites of 5S rDNA located on the short arm of chromosome 3 in both A and B-genomes. Besides the familiar strong 45S rDNA signals observed at terminal region of short arms, single weak 45S rDNA signal was newly detected at terminal region in the short arm of certain chromosome 1 in A-genome, and at interstitial-distal region in the long arm of chromosome 5 in both genomes. These findings provide a proof and theoretical support for tree peony polyploid breeding, and an accurate karyotyping method for genetic research of plants in Paeonia .
研究领域:
植物学
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遗传学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
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2023
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IF 6.5
Chanjuan Ye,Jie Guo,Xin-qiao Zhou,Da-gang Chen,Juan Liu,Xin Peng,Mariusz Jaremko,Łukasz Jaremko,Tao Guo,Chuan-guang Liu,Ke Chen
DNA damage is a serious threat to all living organisms and may be induced by environmental stressors. Previous studies have revealed that the tardigrade ( Ramazzotius varieornatus ) DNA damage suppressor protein Dsup has protective effects in human cells and tobacco. However, whether Dsup provides radiation damage protection more widely in crops is unclear. To explore the effects of Dsup in other crops, stable Dsup overexpression lines through Agrobacterium -mediated transformation were generated and their agronomic traits were deeply investigated. In this study, the overexpression of Dsup not only enhanced the DNA damage resistance at the seeds and seedlings stages, they also exhibited grain size enlargement and starch granule structure and cell size alteration by the scanning electron microscopy observation. Notably, the RNA-seq revealed that the Dsup plants increased radiation-related and abiotic stress-related gene expression in comparison to wild types, suggesting that Dsup is capable to coordinate normal growth and abiotic stress resistance in rice. Immunoprecipitation enrichment with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (IP-LC-MS) assays uncovered 21 proteins preferably interacting with Dsup in plants, suggesting that Dsup binds to transcription and translation related proteins to regulate the homeostasis between DNA protection and plant development. In conclusion, our data provide a detailed agronomic analysis of Dsup plants and potential mechanisms of Dsup function in crops. Our findings provide novel insights for the breeding of crop radiation resistance.
研究领域:
植物科学
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分子生物学
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农学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Plants-Basel
·
2023
·Vol. 12
·期 21
·3719
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IF 4.5
Xiaogang Lei,Haoyu Li,Pingping Li,Huan Zhang,Zhaolan Han,Bin Yang,Yu Duan,Ndombi Salome Njeri,Daqiang Yang,Junhua Zheng,Yuanchun Ma,Xujun Zhu,Wanping Fang
The elite germplasm resources are key to the beautiful appearance and pleasant flavor of Biluochun tea. We collected and measured the agronomic traits of 95 tea plants to reveal the trait diversity and breeding value of Biluochun tea plant populations. The results revealed that the agronomic traits of Biluochun tea plant populations were diverse and had high breeding value. Additionally, we resequenced these tea plant populations to reveal genetic diversity, population structure, and selection pressure. The Biluochun tea plant populations contained two groups and were least affected by natural selection based on the results of population structure and selection pressure. More importantly, four non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) and candidate genes associated with (−)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG), (−)-gallocatechin (GC), and caffeine (CAF) were detected using at least two GWAS models. The results will promote the development and application of molecular markers and the utilization of elite germplasm from Biluochun populations.Keywords:Biluochun tea plant;genome-wide association study;agronomic traits;single nucleotide polymorphisms;marker-assisted breeding
研究领域:
植物学
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遗传学
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植物育种
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 3.8
Wangdan Xiong,Xinfeng Jia,Tianyu Wang,Guo Wei,Yanjun Guo
BACKGROUND Sorghum anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum sublineola , poses a major threat to sorghum production, causing substantial damage globally. Linalool, a terpenoid synthesized by plants, plays a crucial role in defense against pathogens. This study explored the dual defense roles of the plant-synthesized terpenoid linalool through both host resistance potentiation and direct antifungal action. RESULTS Following fungal infection, linalool levels increased significantly in sorghum leaves, with resistant genotypes exhibiting higher linalool accumulation than susceptible ones. A strong positive correlation between linalool content and disease resistance suggested its importance in fungal defense. Transcriptomic profiling identified Sobic.004G019400 as the key terpene synthase (TPS) gene responsive to fungal infection. This was validated functionally through heterologous expression and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Physiological assessments demonstrated that linalool application reduced lesion areas and alleviated declines in photosynthetic activity and transpiration in infected plants. The study also indicated that linalool inhibited C. sublineola spore germination and hyphal growth. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that linalool effectively inhibited hyphal growth by inducing malondialdehyde overaccumulation, which caused significant damage to the fungal cell membrane and structure. This damage was evidenced by increased electrical conductivity and nucleic acid leakage. Transcriptomic analyses further revealed that linalool disrupted pathways in C. sublineola , including oxidative phosphorylation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. CONCLUSION These findings not only identify Sobic.004G019400 as a molecular target for breeding anthracnose-resistant sorghum varieties, but also establish linalool as a functional antimicrobial agent with potential applications for integrated pest management strategies. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
分子生物学
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作物遗传育种
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天然产物化学
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农业生物技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BMC PLANT BIOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 4.3
Minmin Chen,Xiaoqun Wang,Xiawen Zhou,Baiyu Huang,Yujie Zhao,Haiying Liu,Qiuling He
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum , a traditional Chinese medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-tumor properties, faces increasing abiotic stress due to climate change, agricultural chemicals, and industrialization. This study investigated how three abiotic stress factors influence antioxidant enzyme activity, MDA levels, DPPH free radical scavenging capacity, chlorophyll, carotenoids, active compounds, and gene expression in different T. hemsleyanum strains. The comprehensive evaluation indicates that the ZJWZ strain holds potential as a preferred parental material for future resistance breeding. Furthermore, PAL gene expression was strongly positively correlated with flavonoid and phenol contents, highlighting its role in the stress response through the phenylpropanoid-flavonoid pathway. This study contributes to the standardization of the production and breeding of superior strains of T. hemsleyanum . It also lays the foundation for investigating how plants react to environmental stressors.
研究领域:
植物学
·
药用植物学
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环境生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）