In order to develop starch hemostatic materials with excellent hemostatic properties, the preparation of crosslinked porous starch (SPS) with sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) as cross-linking agent was studied in this paper. When the solid-liquid ratio of porous starch (PS) was 30%, the mass ratio of cross-linking agent to starch was 0.04–1, and the SPS was crosslinked at pH 10.0, 55 °C for 50–60 min, the water absorption ratio and swelling ratio of SPS reach up to 160.5% and 239.1%, respectively. The characterization by infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy and X-Ray diffraction spectra confirmed that the structure of SPS is similar to that of PS. The degradation experiment in vitro indicated that the degradation effect of PS was better than that of SPS. The whole blood coagulation kinetics experiment showed that SPS could promote the formation of blood clot, and the adsorption experiment of red blood cells in vitro showed that SPS could adsorb red blood cells. The average hemostasis time of SPS in tail amputation 1 cm and liver laceration were 181.03 s and 179.30 s.
Oral wound treatment faces challenges due to the complex oral environment, thus, sealing the wound quickly becomes necessary. Although some materials have achieved adhesion and sterilization, how to effectively solve the contradiction between strong adhesion and on-demand removal remains a challenge. Herein, a reversibly adhesive hydrogel is designed by free radical copolymerization of cationic monomer [2-(acryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (ATAC), hydrophobic monomer ethylene glycol phenyl ether acrylate (PEA) and N -isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm). The cationic quaternary ammonium salts provide electrostatic interactions, the hydrophobic groups provide hydrophobic interactions, and the PNIPAAm chain segments provide hydrogen bonding, leading to strong adhesion. Therefore, the hydrogel obtains an adhesion strength of 18.67 KPa to oral mucosa and can seal wounds fast within 10 s. Furthermore, unlike pure PNIPAAm, the hydrogel has a lower critical solution temperature of 40.3 °C due to the contribution of ATAC and PEA, enabling rapid removal with 40 °C water after treatment. In addition, the hydrogel realizes excellent anti-swelling ratio (≈80%) and antibacterial efficiency (over 90%). Animal experiments prove that the hydrogel effectively reduces inflammation infiltration, promotes collagen deposition and vascular regeneration. Thus, hydrogel as a multi-functional dressing has great application prospects in oral wound management.
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