INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
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2022
·Vol. 23
·期 21
·12788
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IF 6.208
Chichang Chen,Ye Wang,Li Xu,Siwen Wang,Xiangning Chen,Yuanyue Shen
The surface of fresh-cut carrots is apt to white blush, however the physiological and molecular mechanism for this process is not yet fully understood. In this study, exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene separately promoted and inhibited the white-blush formation after three days after treatment, respectively. Metabolome analysis found that white-blush components mainly consist of p-hydroxyphenyl lignin and guaiacyl lignin. Transcriptome analysis found an increase in the whiteness values was consistent with the higher expression of genes encoding O-methyltransferase, trans-anol O-methyltransferase, bergaptol O-methyltransferase, caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and ferulate-5-hydroxylase, together with the lower expression of genes encoding cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase and 5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate 3′-monooxygenase. In conclusion, ABA plays an important role in lignin biosynthesis essential to the formation of white blush in fresh-cut carrots. This is the first report that uncovers the physiological and molecular causes of white blush in fresh-cut carrots, providing a basis for white-blush control in fresh-cut carrots.Keywords:white blush;carotenoids;lignin;molecular mechanisms
研究领域:
植物生理学
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分子生物学
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食品科学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
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2022
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IF 6.113
Pan Weimin,Zhou Yong-Ling,Wang Jian,Dai Huai-En,Wang Xiao,Liu Lin
Carotenoid metabolism is critical for diverse physiological processes. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has two genes that are annotated as β-carotene 15,15′-monooxygenase (BCMO) and are 17 centimorgan apart on chromosome II, but the function of BCMO-1 and BCMO-2 remains uncharacterized. Sequence homology indicates that the two enzymes belong to the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase family that share a seven-bladed β-propeller fold with a nonheme iron center. Here we determined crystal structures of BCMO-1 and BCMO-2 at resolutions of 1.8 and 1.9 Å, respectively. Structural analysis reveals that BCMO-1 and BCMO-2 are strikingly similar to each other. We also characterized their β-carotene cleavage activity, but the results suggest that they may not act as β-carotene 15,15′-oxygenases.
研究领域:
生物化学
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结构生物学
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分子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts
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2020
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IF 4.008
Sulin Lou,Xiulan Zhu,Zhiyong Zeng,Huina Wang,Bin Jia,Hui Li,Zhangli Hu
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in post-transcriptional gene regulation not only in animals and land plants, but also in microalgae . Among all the microalga, Dunaliella salina ( D. salina ) has the highest content of beta-carotene, and a draft genome of this species was recently published. Thus far, few D. salina miRNAs have been identified. In this study, deep sequencing was performed to identify miRNAs in wild-type D. salina (Control) and in a high light and high salinity treatment group (HLS). Three small RNA (sRNA) libraries were constructed for Control and HLS, and an average of 11,542,169 and 16,877,598 clean tags were obtained, respectively. The sRNA length distribution showed that 21 nt sRNAs were the most abundant class in both Control and HLS, which is consistent with the sRNA distribution of model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii . Eighty-four known miRNAs and 1054 novel miRNAs were found in Control. Among them, nine known miRNAs and 39 novel miRNAs had altered levels in response to HLS treatment. The expression differences of selected miRNAs and their target genes in Control and HLS were verified by qRT-PCR, which showed that novel-m0533-3p was up-regulated and its predicted target malate dehydrogenase encoded gene was clearly down-regulated in HLS at both transcription and the protein level. Moreover, some key carotenoid pathway genes, such as PSY , PDS and LCYB were all up-regulated in HLS. These findings are providing a new insights into a miRNA-mediated beta-carotene accumulation mechanism in D. salina .
研究领域:
植物学
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分子生物学
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基因组学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
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2024
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IF 6.5
Jia Dongjie,Li Yuchen,Jia Kun,Huang Benchang,Dang Qingyuan,Wang Huimin,Wang Xinyuan,Li Chunyu,Zhang Yugang,Nie Jiyun,Yuan Yongbing
Carotenoids are major pigments contributing to fruit coloration. We previously reported that the apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) mutant fruits of ‘Beni Shogun’ and ‘Yanfu 3’ show a marked difference in fruit coloration. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. In this study, we determined that carotenoid is the main factor influencing fruit flesh color. We identified an R1-type MYB transcription factor, MdMYBS1, which was found to be highly associated with carotenoids and abscisic acid (ABA) contents of apple fruits. Overexpression of MdMYBS1 promoted, and silencing of MdMYBS1 repressed, β-branch carotenoids synthesis and ABA accumulation. MdMYBS1 regulates carotenoid biosynthesis by directly activating the major carotenoid biosynthetic genes encoding phytoene synthase (MdPSY2-1) and lycopene β-cyclase (MdLCYb). 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1 (MdNCED1) contributes to ABA biosynthesis, and MdMYBS1 enhances endogenous ABA accumulation by activating the MdNCED1 promoter. In addition, the basic leucine zipper domain transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE5 (MdABI5) was identified as an upstream activator of MdMYBS1, which promotes carotenoid and ABA accumulation. Furthermore, ABA promotes carotenoid biosynthesis and enhances MdMYBS1 and MdABI5 promoter activities. Our findings demonstrate that the MdABI5-MdMYBS1 cascade activated by ABA regulates carotenoid-derived fruit coloration and ABA accumulation in apple, providing avenues in breeding and planting for improvement of fruit coloration and quality.
研究领域:
植物生物学
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分子遗传学
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园艺学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Horticulture Research
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2021
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IF 6.793
Dang Qingyuan,Sha Haiyun,Nie Jiyun,Wang Yongzhang,Yuan Yongbing,Jia Dongjie
Color is an important trait for horticultural crops. Carotenoids are one of the main pigments for coloration and have important implications for photosynthesis in plants and benefits for human health. Here, we identified an APETALA2 (AP2)/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) transcription factor named MdAP2-34 in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). MdAP2-34 expression exhibited a close correlation with carotenoid content in ‘Benin Shogun’ and ‘Yanfu 3’ fruit flesh. MdAP2-34 promotes carotenoid accumulation in MdAP2-34-OVX transgenic apple calli and fruits by participating in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. The major carotenoid contents of phytoene and β-carotene were much higher in overexpressing MdAP2-34 transgenic calli and fruit skin, yet the predominant compound of lutein showed no obvious difference, indicating that MdAP2-34 regulates phytoene and β-carotene accumulation but not lutein. MdPSY2-1 (phytoene synthase 2) is a major gene in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in apple fruit, and the MdPSY2-1 gene is directly bound and transcriptionally activated by MdAP2-34. In addition, overexpressing MdPSY2-1 in apple calli mainly increases phytoene and total carotenoid contents. Our findings will advance and extend our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms of carotenoid biosynthesis in apple, and this research is valuable for accelerating the apple breeding process.
研究领域:
植物生物学
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分子遗传学
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园艺学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY
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2023
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IF 3
Jianxun Wu,Abdelrahman A. Hamid,Weilai Zhang,Shuofan Li,Yahe Zhang,Yuhong Liao,Quan Shi
1,1,4a,6-tetramethyl-9-alkyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydrodibenzo[b,d]thiophene (9-alkyl HDBT) was initially found in highly desulfurized diesel oils. This and related organic sulfur compounds (OSCs) have a special shielding structure that make them extremely resistant to hydrodesulfurization. The structure of 9-alkyl HDBTs is likely directly inherited from biological precursors related to terpenoids, but their origins have not been determined. In this study, OSCs were isolated from a low sulfur crude oil from the Junggar Basin in China by the methylation/demethylation method and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A series of 9-alkyl HDBTs substituted with long isoprenoid alkyl chains were identified in the OSCs. Raney nickel desulfurization was conducted to assist the structural identification. The presence of 9-alkyl HDBTs with a β -carotene carbon skeleton and the predominance in specific carbon numbers of alkyl-substituted 9-alkyl HDBTs support a carotenoid origin of such OSCs. Possible geochemical pathways are proposed for the formation of these OSCs via β -carotene, involving processes such as sulfur incorporation, cyclization, aromatization, hydrogenation, and cleavage.
研究领域:
石油化学
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地球化学
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生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
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2024
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IF 11
Shan Zhang,Zhida Sun,David Julian McClements,Bijun Xie,Ruofan Zheng,Qianchun Deng,Yashu Chen
Flaxseed oil bodies (FOBs) are being explored as natural plant-based delivery systems for the encapsulation and delivery of nutrients. However, there is currently a relatively poor understanding of their interfacial interaction and how this impacts delivery systems. In this study, β-carotene and lutein with far different molecular polarity were used to provide insights into their impacts on properties of FOB. In addition to the carotenoids (>93%) embedded and dissolved in the lipid core, they also interacted with the interfacial membrane components to impact the FOB properties. Raman showed the proportion of random coil and β-sheet in FOB-L (hydrophilic domain of interfacial protein) increased by 8% and 5% respectively, but remained almost unchanged in FOB-β, indicating lutein could interact with the polar exterior of interfacial membranes. Consistently, molecular dynamic simulations and spectroscopy analysis showed that lutein containing hydroxyl in β, ε-ionone ring was more likely to approach the outer hydrophilic regions of interfacial protein, while fatty soluble β-carotene interacted with hydrophobic region of inner membrane protein and phospholipid alkyl chain (close to oil). This difference in interfacial interactions induced significant discrepancies in the lipid oxidation, rheological behavior of carotenoid-FOB assemblies. Lutein was located at the outer edge where oxidation begins, making it more effective than β-carotene in improving the lipid oxidation stability of the FOB. Moreover, lutein therefore modulated interactions between oil droplets and altered the rheological properties of the FOB, whereas β-carotene had little effect. This study may facilitate the design of oil bodies-based delivery systems that have improved functional properties.
研究领域:
食品科学
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植物学
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营养学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Antioxidants
·
2022
·Vol. 11
·期 11
·2267
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IF 7.675
Hao Luo,Weiwei He,Zhuqing Dai,Zhongyuan Zhang,Yihong Bao,Dajing Li,Ping Zhu
α- and β-carotenes belong to the most essential carotenoids in the human body and display remarkable pharmacological value for health due to their beneficial antioxidant activities. Distinct high α-/β-carotene stoichiometries have gained increasing attention for their effective preventions of Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. However, it is extremely difficult to obtain α-carotene in nature, impeding the accumulations of high α-/β-carotene stoichiometries and excavation of their antioxidant activities. Herein, we developed a dynamically operable strategy based on lycopene cyclases (LCYB and LCYE) for concurrently enriching α- and β-carotenes along with high stoichiometries inE. coli. Membrane-targeted and promoter-centered approaches were firstly implemented to spatially enhance catalytic efficiency and temporally boost expression of TeLCYE to address its low competitivity at the starting stage. Dynamically temperature-dependent regulation of TeLCYE and TeLCYB was then performed to finally achieve α-/β-carotene stoichiometries of 4.71 at 37 °C, 1.65 at 30 °C, and 1.06 at 25 °C, respectively. In the meantime, these α-/β-carotene ratios were confirmed to result in diverse antioxidative activities. According to our knowledge, this is the first time that both the widest range and antioxidant activities of high α/β-carotene stoichiometries were reported in any organism. Our work provides attractive potentials for obtaining natural products with competitivity and a new insight on the protective potentials of α-/β-carotenes with high ratios for health supply.Keywords:α/β-carotene;lycopene cyclase;carotenoid biosynthesis;antioxidant activity;rational system
研究领域:
生物化学
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分子生物学
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合成生物学
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营养科学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Food Chemistry: Molecular Sciences
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2024
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IF 4.1
Die Zhao,Chunji Li,Nan Zeng,Dandan Wang,Guohui Yu,Ning Zhang,Bingxue Li
Carotenoids, a family of lipid-soluble pigments, have garnered growing interest for their health-promoting benefits and are widely utilized in the food, feed, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Rhodosporidiobolus odoratu s, a representative oleaginous red yeast, is considered a promising alternative for producing high-value carotenoids including β-carotene, torulene, and torularhodin. Here, the impact of varying concentrations of NaCl treatments on carotenoid contents in R. odoratus XQR after 120 h of incubation was examined. The results indicated that, as compared to the control (59.37 μg/g dw ), the synthesis of total carotenoids was significantly increased and entirely suppressed under low-to-moderate (0.25 mol/L: 68.06 μg/g dw , 0.5 mol/L: 67.62 μg/g dw , and 0.75 mol/L: 146.47 μg/g dw ) and high (1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 mol/L: 0 μg/g dw ) concentrations of NaCl treatments, respectively. Moreover, the maximum production of β-carotene (117.62 μg/g dw ), torulene (21.81 μg/g dw ), and torularhodin (7.04 μg/g dw ) was achieved with a moderate concentration (0.75 mol/L) of NaCl treatment. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses suggested that the increase in β-carotene, torulene, and torularhodin production might be primarily attributed to the up-regulation of some key protein-coding genes involved in the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis ( atoB , HMGCS , and mvaD ), carotenoid biosynthesis ( crtYB and crtI ), and TCA cycle ( pckA , DLAT, pyc, MDH1 , gltA , acnA , IDH1/2 , IDH3 , sucA , sucB , sucD , LSC1 , SDHA , and fumA/fumB ). The present study not only demonstrates a viable method to concurrently increase the production of β-carotene, torulene, torularhodin, and total carotenoids in R. odoratus XQR, but it also establishes a molecular foundation for further enhancing their production through genetic engineering.
研究领域:
微生物学
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分子生物学
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生物技术
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
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2016
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IF 4.917
Lin Chen,Lanlan Zhang,Tianzhong Liu
During the study of Trentepohlia arborum it became clear that its cells are rich in lipids and carotenoids. Thus, lipid content, composition and fatty acids profiles in individual lipid classes, as well as pigment profiles, responding to different culture conditions, were further investigated. The results showed that the predominant carotenoids and lipid fraction in total lipid in this study was β -carotene and TAG, respectively. The lipid content increased significantly under high light while nitrogen-replete conditions induced the highest carotenoids content. However, only with a double stress of high light and nitrogen-deficiency it was possible to maximize the productivities of both carotenoids and lipids. Carotenoids (mainly β -carotene) accounted for ca . 5% of the microalgal lipid under the double stress. Data herein show the potential of T. arborum for the production of both lipids and carotenoids, and hence provide an appropriate way to produce different products from T. arborum .
研究领域:
藻类生物学
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生物技术
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2019
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IF 7.65
Leilei Xiang,Hongjie Sheng,Chenggang Gu,Redmile-Gordon Marc,Yu Wang,Yonrong Bian,Xin Jiang,Fang Wang
Biochar application to soil is recognised for its capacity to immobilise pollutants (through sorption) while composted inputs can accelerate the biodegradation of organic pollutants. However, little is known about the influence of combined incorporation on plant uptake of organic pollutants. Therefore, we investigated the effects of maize straw-derived biochar (MSB), compost derived from maize straw and pig manure (SMC), and their combination (MSB-SMC) as soil amendments on bioavailability of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-47) and carrot ( Daucus carota L. ) uptake in a horticultural soil. We found that biochar alone performed well in reducing BDE-47 bioavailability, but was less effective at degrading the pollutant. Conversely, addition of compost stimulated BDE-47 biodegradation. MSB-SMC enhanced BDE-47 biodegradation in soil, reduced contamination of carrot roots, and caused significant reductions in soil extractable BDE-47. The combination of contrasting approaches to remediation thus resulted in the most favorable outcome for a contaminated soil: immobilisation of contaminant from vegetable crops (via biochar) with simultaneous bioremediation of the growing medium. These findings point towards an effective strategy for reducing plant uptake of PDBEs through the combined use of biochar and compost as soil amendment – reducing mobility and facilitating degradation of the accessible contaminant fractions.
研究领域:
环境科学
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农业科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY
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2016
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IF 0.814
Ming-Ming Zhu,Shu-Lin Wang,Ming-Tao Fan
This study was designed to isolate and identify a novel β-carotene cleaving microorganism from sea buckthorn juice and to detect the carotenoid-derived aroma compounds catalyzed by the microbial enzyme. The strain was characterized based on morphological and biochemical properties, as well as part of its 16S rDNA sequence analysis. It was then identified using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) and classified as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus pasteuri (GeneBank Accession No. KP171185). β-Ionone and β-cyclocitral were formed as the main flavor products of β-carotene in submerged culture. When cell-free culture supernatant was applied for the conversion, nearly complete degradation of β-carotene (2 mg) was observed after 12 h. β-Ionone and β-cyclocitral were the main aromas, whereas β-ionone-5,6-epoxide, 2-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl cyclohexanone and dihydroactinidiolide were formed in minor quantities. Moreover, the carotenoid-cleavage enzyme activities of S. pasteuri were partially characterized and partially purified enzyme possesses high activity in adverse industrial condition.
研究领域:
微生物学
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食品科学
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生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）