Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy
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2025
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IF 5.8
Mengjie Jia,Yani Wang,Yiyang Qi,Xiaoge Ji,Zhongyuan Zhao,Shijing Sun
In the plywood industry, formaldehyde-based adhesives are commonly used, but the health risks associated with them are a significant concern. As a result, there has been a growing emphasis on developing formaldehyde-free alternatives. This study presents an eco-friendly adhesive formulated from vinyl acetate-ethylene (VAE) copolymer emulsion and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The synthesis conditions, curing behavior, synthesis mechanisms and curing mechanisms were further investigated. The optimal preparation conditions were as follows: VAE emulsion and 4 % PVA1788 were synthesized at 90 °C for 2 h, and the solid content was adjusted to 50 % by adding distilled water. Subsequently, 5 % pMDI was incorporated. The wet shear strength of the resulting adhesive, which is 0.93 MPa, met the requirements of the Chinese national standard GB/T 9846-2015 (≥0.7 MPa) for Class II plywood. The curing behavior of the VAE-PVA adhesive was investigated by measuring the insoluble mass proportion and thermal analysis. The results showed that when the adhesive was heated at 130 °C for 10 min, the insoluble mass proportion reached 81.16 %, and an endothermic reaction occurred at approximately 100 °C. To investigate the synthesis mechanism of VAE-PVA adhesive, FT-IR analysis revealed that esterification occurred between the VAE emulsion and the hydroxyl groups in PVA. Additionally, FT-IR analysis, XPS analysis, and Py-GC/MS analysis were used to explore the curing mechanism of the VAE-PVA adhesive. The results indicated that during the curing process, pMDI polymerized with the vinyl groups in the VAE emulsion and the hydroxyl groups in PVA, forming a three-dimensional network of cured polymer.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 8
Xudong Zhu,Yingying Xue,Liang Qian,Changtong Mei,Ying Gao
Urea-formaldehyde and phenolic resins are often used in the preparation of bamboo- or wood-based materials. However, adhesives containing these resins can release harmful substances such as formaldehyde and phenols, posing risks to human health. Meanwhile, delignification is widely used for modifying bamboo- and wood-based materials, but it has some limitations such as high steaming temperatures and long processing time. In this study, a simple and effective self-bonding method for fabricating bamboo-based materials was developed. This method integrated partial delignification and bonding, and its main mechanism involved applying sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution to the bonding surface of bamboo, followed by hot pressing. This process softened lignin under alkaline conditions, promoting interactions between cellulose chains and the softened lignin to form a strong network at the bonding interface. Laminated bamboo fabricated by treating bamboo with a 9 % NaOH solution followed by hot pressing at 140℃ for 60 min under 2 MPa pressure exhibited excellent bonding performance, demonstrating a 6.84 MPa bonding strength. This self-bonding method facilitates the development of adhesive-free bamboo- and wood-based products, reducing dependence on synthetic adhesives.
研究领域:
材料科学
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木材加工
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2024
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IF 10.7
Lijian Cai,Yutong Chen,Zetan Lu,Ming Wei,Xin Zhao,Yanjun Xie,Jian Li,Shaoliang Xiao
Developing bio-based sustainable wood adhesives is significant as a substitute for petroleum-derived adhesives. However, the existing bio-based adhesives have disadvantages of complex fabrication, uncontrollable viscosity, and poor water resistance. Herein, we developed a citric acid/chitosan adhesive with viscosity-controlled and water-resistant features by one-step dissolution at room temperature based on the supramolecular self-assembly strategy. Different wood products (plywood, laminated veneer lumber and particleboard) with superior performance were prepared by applying that adhesive on veneer and wood particles (fine and rough particles). The plywood test results showed that the citric acid/chitosan adhesive had dry and wet shear strengths outperforming the China National Standard (GB/T 9846-2015, ≥0.7 MPa), reaching 2.1 and 1.1 MPa, respectively. The adhesion mechanism was mechanical interlocks and cross-linking of citric acid/chitosan in adhesives with those in the cell wall. This work provides high promise for alternatives to traditional unsustainable wood adhesives (urea-formaldehyde, melamine-urea-formaldehyde and phenolic resins) for fabricating different wood products.
研究领域:
材料科学
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林业工程
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可持续发展
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Meiyu Huo,Jian Chen,Can Jin,Shuping Huo,Guifeng Liu,Zhenwu Kong
A series of novel waterborne lignin-based epoxy resin emulsions (WLEPs) were successfully synthesized, and then the WLEPs were cured with polyamide (PA) to give formaldehyde-free wood adhesives with high-performance. The chemical structures and properties of WLEP emulsions were determined. The effects of the emulsifiers on thermal and mechanical properties of the adhesives were investigated, and the potential application of WLEPs in the formulation of plywood were also evaluated. The results demonstrated that the WLEP dispersions presented excellent storage stability (>180 days) with their viscosities range from 110 mPa·s to 470 mPa·s and particle sizes in the range of 321–696 nm, which were beneficial for the fluidity and permeability of the wood adhesives. Furthermore, the thermal and mechanical properties of adhesives could be tuned effectively by controlling the length of PEG chains. The adhesive bearing PEG 6000 exhibited the highest tensile strength of 24.0 MPa and Young's modulus of 1439 MPa. Notably, the plywood prepared with the resulting adhesives displayed good bonding performance, especially water resistance, which were much higher than the national standard requirement for exterior-grade plywood type I. These results indicated that the WLEPs could be used as sustainable alternatives for traditional formaldehyde-based wood adhesives in practical applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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林业工程
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2025
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IF 11.3
Wenjing Hu,Yuting Zhang,Ying Zhou,Yan Zhang,Shuguang Han
Due to the high mean degree of polymerization (mDP) of condensed tannins, condensed tannin-based adhesives have high viscosity, poor water resistance, and low shear strength, and thus are limited in their application. Degradation of tannins to reduce its mDP is a feasible method to solve the above problems. In this study, photocatalytic degradation of larch tannins (LT) was carried out to obtain LT with different mDP. Larch tannin-formaldehyde (LT-F) adhesives were prepared with different mass ratios of F to LT, and then used to prepare plywood with poplar veneer. The effect of different mDP of LT and different mass ratios of F to LT on the properties of the LT-F adhesives were explored. The results showed that LT with different mDP could be obtained by photodegradation. When the photodegradation time was 6 h (LT6, with mDP 3.71), and the mass ratio of F to LT6 was 10 %, the LT6–10 %F adhesives had low viscosity, good water resistance, and high shear strength that exceeded the requirements of the Chinese national standard (GB/T9846–2015, ≥ 0.70 MPa). The formaldehyde emission was 0.15 mg/L, lower than poplar veneer (0.23 mg/L). Therefore, LT6–10 %F adhesives can still be safely used in wood industry although formaldehyde is used.
研究领域:
林产化学与技术
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2018
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IF 3.909
Zhenjiong Wang,Hua Zhu,JunNan Huang,Zan Ge,Jing Guo,Xiangyu Feng,Qing Xu
High performance of starch-based wood adhesives (SWAs) is important for their industrial applications. In this study, we designed and demonstrated the use of different types of acrylic ester for improving the bonding performance of SWAs. Results showed that the addition of acrylic ester as the co-monomer showed significantly the bonding capacity and hydrophobicity of SWAs. Furthermore, SWAs added hexyl acrylate could improve the shear strength to 11.23 MPa and 5.63 MPa in dry and wet states, respectively. Further analysis found that the improved bonding performance of SWAs could be attributed to the low minimum film-forming temperature, the enhanced the film-forming rate and the improved hydrophobicity by the addition of hexyl acrylate. These results offer a major development in the preparation of high-performance bio-based wood adhesives.
研究领域:
材料科学
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林产化学加工工程
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
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2022
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IF 11.072
Zheng Liu,Tao Liu,Yue Li,Xin Zhang,Yecheng Xu,Jianzhang Li,Qiang Gao
As a substitute for aldehyde adhesives, soybean protein adhesive has drawn wide interest in addressing formaldehyde pollution in human living rooms. However, during the preparation process, the addition of a cross-linking agent from petroleum resources is necessary to improve the strength and cause the problems of high viscosity and brittleness . Inspired by the adhesion structure of catechol in mussels, lignin with a catechol structure was constructed by one-step demethylation in this study. Lignin, copper ions , and soybean protein isolate were mixed to produce a biobased adhesive exhibiting a triple network structure without adding a petroleum-based epoxy crosslinking agent. The quinone in the lignin and the amino group in the soybean protein underwent a cross-linking reaction to ensure the bond strength and water resistance of the adhesive. The catechol structure built a sacrificial network by forming hydrogen bonds to improve the toughness and coating performance of the adhesive. Multifunctional copper ions formed multiple interface coordination bonds, reducing the viscosity of the adhesive. The wet shear strength of the adhesive with the triple cross-linked network structure reached 1.29 MPa, which was 92.5% higher than that of the pristine adhesive. The viscosity decreased to 24340 mPa s, reflecting a reduction of 84%, and the toughness and coating performance improved. Notably, the prepared adhesive showed mildew resistance (120 h), antibacterial properties (antibacterial zone = 6.8 mm), flame retardancy , and low VOCs release (6.86 × 106 mg/m2·h).
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2025
·
IF 8.5
Li Liu,Yuefeng Huang,Zhenqiang Kan,Yaohong Yang,Peng Wang,Yuju Chen,Dongyu Wei,Hong Lei,Guanben Du,Lianpeng Zhang
The application of biopolymers in adhesive design holds immense potential for advancing the sustainable manufacturing of high-performance materials. In this study, chitosan (CS), a renewable and biodegradable biopolymer, serves as the structural backbone for developing an innovative organic-inorganic hybrid resin Cu/ZIF-8@CS-MCS@BN. Initially, CS was chemically functionalized via crosslinking with maleic anhydride (MA) to form a maleated chitosan network (CS-MCS), exploiting the biopolymer's abundant amino and hydroxyl groups for covalent bonding. This chitosan-based network was subsequently reinforced with boron nitride nanosheets (BN) and copper-doped ZIF-8 metal-organic frameworks (Cu/ZIF-8), synergistically combining the flame-retardant and mechanical-enhancing properties of inorganic fillers with the organic network of the chitosan matrix. The Cu/ZIF-8@CS-MCS@BN resin was processed into two distinct wood composites: (1) plywood fabricated by hot-pressing poplar veneers with the resin exhibited exceptional interfacial adhesion, achieving a boiling-water-resistant shear strength of 1.01 MPa, which surpasses the requirements of the Chinese national standard GB/T 9846–2015; (2) lightweight aerogels prepared by freeze-drying resin-wood flour mixtures demonstrated outstanding compressive resistance (compressive modulus: 45.23 MPa) and fire safety (limiting oxygen index (LOI) = 42.8 %, UL-94 V-0 rating). This work establishes a green paradigm for fabricating multifunctional wood composites, highlighting the pivotal role of biopolymer engineering in next-generation construction materials.
研究领域:
生物高分子材料
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胶黏剂设计
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阻燃材料
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木材加工
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纳米材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
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IF 13.3
Tao Wu,Zhiwen Jia,Yufang Meng,Jiamin Ye,Wanyu Li,Yan Sun,Junyu Li,Linghao Li,Zerong Liu,Shiyang Wang,Xiwei Xu
Lignin-based adhesives have the advantages of high economy and low formaldehyde emission, and are widely used in furniture manufacturing, woodworking, paper making and other industries. In this study, bagasse was pretreated by supramolecular deep eutectic solvent (DES) formed by the natural compounds β-cyclodextrin and L-malic acid, and a green lignin-based adhesive (ALDES) with wide temperature adaptability (−196 to 100 °C), which can be used in many materials (such as metals, woods, and ceramics) and resistant to solvent corrosion (9 kinds of solvents) was prepared by component separation. The results showed that the adhesive strength of ALDES with moral ratio of 1:40 for wood panels reached 5.14 MPa at a curing temperature of 170 °C and a curing time of 12 h. In addition, a combination of experimental results and DFT calculations revealed that the main factor of high adhesion performance of ALDES was lignin promoted the formation of ether bond and the enhancement of electrostatic potential energy. Furthermore, the use of natural raw materials and a pretreatment process that generates no waste provides exceptional economy and environmental friendliness. This novel synthesis of lignin adhesive will provide a new strategy for the development of adhesive field.
研究领域:
材料科学
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林产化学加工工程
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绿色化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 7.4
Zhenyang Bao,Yinchun Hu,Zhaoshuang Li,Renzhong Wei,Tonghua Ma,Xiaobing Xie,Guoen Yang,Yan Qing,Xingong Li,Chuntao Kuang,Yuanfeng Wei,Yiqiang Wu
Soy protein is an economical and eco-friendly adhesive material that offers significant potential for the development of bio-based adhesives. However, they have poor water resistance, low bonding strength, mold-susceptibility, and deterioration, which are serious challenges to the widespread application of soy protein adhesives in plywood. This work was inspired by the biomineralization phenomenon and the preparation of a novel soy protein adhesive (SPI-RGT-AgNPs). The SPI-RGT-AgNPs adhesive exhibited excellent viscosity, residual rate, and moisture absorption performance compared with the original soy protein isolate (SPI) adhesive, with an increase from 37° (SPI) to 81° (SPI-10RGT-10AgNPs) in water contact angle testing. The dry and wet adhesion strengths reached 2.49 MPa and 1.43 MPa, 193 % and 117 % higher than SPI adhesive, respectively. Molecular docking simulations were used to verify that the introduction of modifiers significantly improved the stability and crosslinking strength of the adhesive. The best ratio of the SPI-RGT-AgNP adhesive was confirmed using the response surface methodology (RSM). Simultaneously, SPI-RGT-AgNPs adhesive also showed excellent anti-mildew and anti-microbial efficiencies to Escherichia coli (98.18 %) and Staphylococcus aureus (99.33 %). In addition, a life-cycle assessment was used to explore the pollution emissions from the adhesives. As compared to formaldehyde-based adhesives, the SPI-RGT-AgNP adhesive had lower energy consumption and pollution emissions. Therefore, this study prepared a novel high-strength and multifunctional soy protein adhesive, guiding the production of multifunctional and green adhesives.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
·
生物学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2019
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IF 3.131
YinChen Chen,Shiyu Fu,Hui Zhang
Acetic acid lignin (AAL) obtained from Bagasse was used as a partial substitute of polyols for polyurethane (PU) adhesive due to the presence of reactive sites, i.e. aliphatic and aromatic hydroxyl groups, in its structure. To improve its reactivity, lignin is partly demethylated before the copolymerization with polyisocyanate. The demethylation , catalyzed by hydrobromic acid solution under heating conditions, resulted in a decrease of methoxy groups on the phenyl ring and the increase of phenolic hydroxyl groups . It is found that 120 ℃ is the preferred temperature for the demethylation resulted in a 36.5 % increase in hydroxyl content of lignin up to 5.25 mmol/g. Lignin-based polyurethane adhesives were prepared in two steps including preparing a prepolymer based on mixtures of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) and unmodified or demethylated lignin, and then the polymerization was completed by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG). The mass ratio (1:1) of TDI: (lignin + PEG) in the compositions was here investigated. The results indicated that the presence of lignin (with and without demethylation) in polyurethane adhesives increased the glass transition temperature , Young’s modulus, and elongation at break. Particularly, the tensile strength was increased by 15–36 MPa with the addition of 10–30 wt% of lignin. Lignin with higher amount of hydroxyl groups prepared by partly demethylation is better integrated into the three-dimensional cross-linking networks of the covalent polymer as a substitute of polyols. Compared to those PU adhesives based on the raw AAL, the adhesives prepared by demethylated lignin have higher tensile strength and thermal stability. It indicates that the demethylation is effective and it is a good strategy to prepare lignin-based PU adhesive with favorable mechanical properties .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2021
·
IF 5.645
Qin Chen,Zhenhua Gao,Long Bai,Zhen Xu,Jiyou Gu
To improve the performance of waterborne materials, this study attempts to prepare a novel water-dispersible isocyanate crosslinking agent based on plant-based castor oil. The intermediate maleated castor oil and water-dispersible isocyanates with different R values [n(NCO)/n(OH)] are prepared and characterized by FTIR and 1 H NMR. The viscosity test, isocyanate content titration, particle size analysis, and the morphologies indicate that the optimal condition for the water-dispersible isocyanates (e.g., best storage stability and particle size distribution) is at R value = 40. The mechanical test proves that the water-dispersible isocyanates can greatly improve the bonding strength and water resistance of wood adhesives, showing an increase of wet strength to be as high as 146 % and 506 % for urea-formaldehyde resin and white latex, respectively. The castor oil-mediated water-dispersible isocyanate system opens a novel avenue to synthesize waterborne crosslinking agent for applications in adhesives, coatings, and structural materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）