Journal of Energetic Materials
·
2022
·
IF 2.421
Shu-Ji Wang,Di Wang,Ping Liu,Xiao-le Sun,Shi Yan,Xue-Yong Guo
TKX-50, as a representative of a new nitrogen-rich energetic compound, has attracted extensive interests due to its high energy and low sensitivity properties. As an important energetic material, combustible agent has great influence on improving the energy level of explosives and propellants. Boron powder has become the most potential combustible agent in energetic fields because of its unique performances. In this work, nano-boron-based microspheres containing TKX-50 are directly fabricated by electrospray deposition. The prepared microspheres showed high monodispersity with particle size ranging from ~1–3 μm. Thermal behavior results show that the mass gain of the electrostatically sprayed sample is 163.3%, which is much higher than that of pure boron and physically mixed samples. Combustion behavior tests show that electrosprayed microspheres exhibit outstanding performance in comparison to physical mixed sample, the peak pressure improved by 85%, the burning time decreased by 21% and the pressurization rate improved by 136%. These excellent properties are probably related to their uniform microstructure. Therefore, electrospray preparation of microspheres with controllable structure has a good application prospect in energetic materials.
研究领域:
化学
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材料科学
·
能源科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
THERMOCHIMICA ACTA
·
2025
·
IF 3.5
SiHeng Li,YiFan Jiang,FengQi Zhao,Na Li,Ding Liu,YingNan Dong,WenGang Qu
The Nickel oxide (NiO) exhibited good catalytic performance for the thermal decomposition of AP but has limited catalytic activity for RDX and HMX. By adjusting the amorphous state, the number of active sites on the surface of NiO can be increased, thereby enhancing its catalytic activity. In this study, the amorphous NiO (Ra-NiO) with high specific surface area was successfully synthesized and characterized systemically. The Ra-NiO exhibited superior catalytic properties for the thermal decomposition of AP, HMX and RDX. Compared with the commercial γ-NiO, the Ra-NiO decreased the peak decomposition temperature of the HMX by 14.6 °C as well as the activation energy by 213.5 kJ·mol -1 . Furthermore, the initial decomposition temperature is decreased by 68.8°C and the heat release is increased by 34.5 % (752.4 J·g -1 ). These results underscore the substantial advantages of amorphous modulation in enhancing the catalytic activity of catalysts.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
催化化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 96
·93863-93866
·
IF 3.289
Xiang Zhou,Xiang Ke,Wei Jiang
Nanostructured energetic materials benefit from improved spatial distribution and enhanced interfacial contact between reducing agents and oxidizing agents, and thus they have attracted increasing attention in the past decade. In this study Al/CuO nanostructured energetic materials were prepared by combining a solution chemistry method and electrophoretic deposition. A piece of clean Cu foil was first placed in a solution consisting of NaOH and (NH4)S2O8 to form a layer of copper hydroxide, which was then dehydrated in an oven at 180 °C for 4 h to obtain CuO nanostructures. Nano Al particles were integrated with the CuO nanostructures by electrophoretic deposition to form Al/CuO nanostructured energetic materials. Thermal analysis showed that the prepared nanostructured energetic materials had lower apparent activation energy than that of a randomly mixed counterpart thanks to the structural design.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
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2023
·Vol. 148
·期 22
·12739-12750
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IF 4.4
Liang Kaili,Liu Yang,Hu Lishuang,Liang Jiashun,Lv Tiancheng,Wu Wei,Wang Yanping,Tu Zhiqiong,Hu Shuangqi
Micron-sized titanium particles have potential applications as energetic metal high-enthalpy fuel materials. The molecular perovskite energetic material DAP-4 (H 2 dabco)[NH 4 (ClO 4 ) 3 ] is a potential high-energy oxidizer in solid rocket propellants. To explore the combustion mechanism and energy output of DAP-4-based Ti composites, the combustion characteristics of DAP-4/Ti and F/DAP-4/Ti were studied by electrode ignition device. The results show that the burning rate of DAP-4 can be adjusted by controlling the mass ratio of DAP-4/Ti. After adding Ti into DAP-4, the heat release, self-sustaining combustion time and flame front propagation velocity are greatly increased to 9,113 J g −1 , 265 ms and 0.225 mm ms −1 , respectively, better than those of DAP-4. With Ti added, the decomposition peak temperature of F/DAP-4/Ti dropped from 381.5 to 360.4 ℃. The experimental results contribute to a better understanding of the chemical reaction mechanism and energy release characteristics of DAP-4-based propellants containing Ti.
研究领域:
推进剂化学
·
燃烧与爆炸科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2020
·Vol. 10
·期 60
·36287-36294
·
IF 3.119
Zhang Cong,Chen Xiang,Hu Yongpeng,Bai Yang,Guo Zhaoqi,Fan Daidi,Ma Haixia
Nitrogen-rich energetic materials (EMs) have been widely studied because of their high thermal stability, insensitivity, excellent detonation performance and non-toxic characteristics. In particular, these compounds are well applied as gas-generating agents (GGAs). As a nitrogen-rich heterocyclic framework, 1,2,4,5-tetrazine derivatives have shown great potential in the design of GGAs. The guanidine salts of 3,6-bis-nitroguanyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (DNGTz), guanidine (G2DNGTz) (1), aminoguanidine (AG2DNGTz) (2), diaminoguanidine (DAG2DNGTz) (3), and triaminoguanidine (TAG2DNGTz) (4) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 were obtained by X-ray single crystal diffraction. Crystal analysis shows that 1 and 2 arrange through zigzag-chain-like assembly and face-to-face geometries, which is helpful in decreasing mechanical sensitivity. The thermal stability and thermal decomposition kinetics of these four salts were studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, the thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared-mass spectrometry (TG-FTIR-MS) analysis of thermal decomposition products reveals that the main decomposition gaseous products are H2O, N2O, CO2, NO, N2 and NH3. Then, the cytotoxicity of the four salts was tested by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide) method, and it was found that salts 1–4 show slight cytotoxicity in mouse fibroblasts (L929), at a concentration of 0.125 mg ml−1. The insensitivity, low toxicity, and production of clean gases without solid residue after burning of salt 1 indicate that it can be used as a potential green energetic material for GGAs.
研究领域:
化学
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材料科学
·
生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MOLECULES
·
2023
·Vol. 28
·期 7
·3274
·
IF 4.6
Xinwen Ma,Weiduo Fei,Xiandie Zhang,Jie Ji,Xiang Zhou
In this study, mesoporous silicon nanoparticles (M-Si) were successfully prepared by a magnesiothermic reduction of mesoporous silica nanoparticles, which were synthesized by a templated sol-gel method and used as the precursors. M-Si exhibited a uniform size distribution with an average diameter of about 160 nm. The measured BET surface area was 93.0 m2g−1, and the average pore size calculated by the BJH method was 16 nm. The large internal surface area provides rich reaction sites, resulting in unique interfacial properties and reduced mass diffusion limitations. The mechanism of the magnesiothermic reduction process was discussed. The reactivity of prepared M-Si was compared with that of commercially available non-porous Si nanopowder (with the average diameter of about 30 nm) by performing simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry in the air. The results showed that the reaction onset temperature indicated by weight gain was advanced from 772 °C to 468 °C, indicating the promising potential of M-Si as fuel for metastable intermolecular composites.Keywords:energetic materials;mesoporous silicon nanoparticles;magnesiothermic reduction;thermal analysis
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2023
·
IF 5
Yanan Li,Wenfang Zheng,Shengjie Yin,Renming Pan,Wenxi Li,Xiangyang Lin
In the field of energetic materials (EMs), soft chains are copolymerized with energetic polymers to improve flexibility. However, this often makes it difficult to achieve simultaneous optimization of the energy level and flexibility due to the random sequence. In this study, a simple approach is presented to develop energetic sequence-controlled polymers (ESCPs), alternate copolymers poly(3,3-bis(azidomethyl)oxetane-glycol) (P(BAMO-alt-EG)) and poly(3,3-bis(azidomethyl)oxetane-tetrahydrofuran) (P(BAMO-alt-THF)), through click reactions. This approach provides the potential to design and control mechanical and thermal properties in propellant binders by introducing various segments and regulating the sequence structure. These polymers display excellent thermal stability and demonstrate that regulated shorter segmental length promoted better flexibility and less residual carbon content without compromising the energy level of the propellant. The obtained kinetic parameters prove that P(BAMO-alt-EG) released higher heat and accelerated the thermolysis process compared to P(BAMO-alt-THF). These results demonstrate the potential of highly alternating ESCPs as a potential energetic propellant binder.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Nature Communications
·
2022
·Vol. 13
·期 1
·1-10
·
IF 17.694
Lai Qi,Pei Le,Fei Teng,Yin Ping,Pang Siping,Shreeve Jean’ne M.
Size matching molecular design utilizing host-guest chemistry is a general, promising strategy for seeking new functional materials. With the growing trend of multidisciplinary investigations, taming the metastable high-energy guest moiety in well-matched frameworks is a new pathway leading to innovative energetic materials. Presented is a selective encapsulation in hydrogen-bonded hydroxylammonium frameworks (HHF) by screening different sized nitrogen-rich azoles. The size-match between a sensitive high-energy guest and an HHF not only gives rise to higher energetic performance by dense packing, but also reinforces the layer-by-layer structure which can stabilize the resulting materials towards external mechanic stimuli. Preliminary assessment based on calculated detonation properties and mechanical sensitivity indicates that HHF competed well with the energetic performance and molecular stability (detonation velocity = 9286 m s −1 , impact sensitivity = 50 J). This work highlights the size-matched phenomenon of HHF and may serve as an alternative strategy for exploring next generation advanced energetic materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
·
能量材料
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
·
2018
·Vol. 135
·期 4
·2317-2328
·
IF 2.209
Yin Xin,Li Jie,Zhang Guojie,Gu Hao,Ma Qing,Wang Shumin,Wang Jun
N -trinitromethyl-4,5-dicyano-2 H -1,2,3-triazole was readily synthesized from 4,5-dicyano-2 H -1,2,3-triazole. Its crystal structure was obtained for the first time and its crystalline density in 296 K was 1.729 g cm −3 . It shows high nitrogen and oxygen content up to 77.6%, high calculated solid heat of formation (564 kJ mol −1 ), and superior detonation pressure and detonation velocity ( D = 8619 m s −1 , P = 30.8 GPa). This new hydrogen-absent explosive shows high impact and friction sensitivities ( IS : 1.25 J, FS : 32 N), which is lower than commercial primary explosive 2-diazonium-4,6-dinitrophenol (DDNP) ( IS : 1 J, FS : 5 N). The relationship between intermolecular interaction and sensitivity as well as thermal stability of the title compound was investigated by Hirshfeld surface analysis and fingerprint plot. Its thermodynamic properties were studied by non-isothermal kinetic methods based on the results of differential scanning calorimeter. It is interesting that apparent activation energy ( E a ) at T p1 (210.89–214.17 kJ mol −1 ) is higher than those at T p2 (133.90–134.87 kJ mol −1 ). In addition, gaseous product of this new energetic compound was analyzed by the rapid scanning Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy from 20 to 200 °C and its detonation products was theoretically predicted. Based on the decomposition products, its decomposition mechanism was discussed under inert atmosphere. It is undoubted that these significant physicochemical properties make N -trinitromethyl-4,5-dicyano-2 H -1,2,3-triazole a potential hydrogen-absent primary explosive.
研究领域:
化学
·
材料科学
·
物理化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
·
2016
·
IF 1.409
Kai Wang,Dabin Liu,Sen Xu,Gaowen Cai
The thermal stability during the autocatalytic decomposition of a material depends on the intrinsic properties of the substance such as its kinetic triplet, in addition to its thermal history. In this reported study, simulations were conducted on select substances using the first-order reaction model (F1) and the general autocatalytic reaction model (Cn). Through changing the initial conversion rate, the thermal history's influence on the dynamic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves was investigated based on the n-order reaction and autocatalytic reaction. A thermal history method for determining the autocatalytic decompositions of four energetic materials were established using the results of Roduit et al. and a simulated combustion. The isothermal DSC measurements and Swiss method were also employed to validate the reliability of the proposed thermal history method. Results of the simulations and experiments indicated that the influence on the dynamic DSC curves was significant based on data in the autocatalytic reactions. Thermal stability was decreased with a lower initial temperature and peak temperature. The influence was more significant on the energetic materials with greater autocatalytic potential. The results of this study indicated that the proposed thermal history method can be successfully used to quickly and effectively identify the autocatalysis characteristics of energetic materials.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
·
热分析
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 24
·16536-16548
·
IF 3.9
Hai-Yang Zhu,Ying-Hui Liu,Hai-Yun Sun,Dan-Dan Cao,Yu-Chuan Li,Si-Ping Pang
The development of environment-friendly and non-toxic green energetic materials and their safe, environmentally friendly, and economical production is very important to the national economy and national security. As an innovative, efficient, and environmentally friendly energetic material, the preferred preparation method of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is the nitro-sulfur mixed acid method, which has the advantages of high yield, simple method, and easy access to raw materials. However, the large number of inorganic salt ions introduced by this method limits the large-scale production of ADN. Nanofiltration (NF) has been widely used in various industrial processes as a separation method with high separation efficiency and simple operation. In this study, NF was used for the desalination and purification of ADN synthesized by the mixed acid method. The effects of NF types, operation process (pressure, temperature, and feed solution concentration) on desalination efficiency, and membrane flux during purification were examined. The results showed that 600D NF could achieve the efficient desalination and purification of ADN. It was verified that the highest desalination and purification efficiency was achieved at 2 MPa pressure, 25 °C, and 1 time dilution of the feed solution, and the membrane flux of the desalination and purification process was stable. Under the optimized process conditions, the removal rate of inorganic salts and other impurities reached 99% (which can be recycled), the purity of ADN reached 99.8%, and the recovery rate reached 99%. This process has the potential for the large-scale production of ADN and provides a new process for the safe, efficient, and cheap preparation of energetic materials.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2021
·
IF 13.273
Wei Liu,Taixin Liang,Jiangbo Zhang,Fei Xiao,Houhe Chen
Intermolecular energetic materials (IEMs) have become the focus of attention due to their excellent performance in combustion, ignition, energy release and sensitivity. In this paper, two IEMs were successfully designed and prepared by the self-assembly of 5-aminotetrazole (5-ATZ) and transition metal ions on the surface of ammonium perchlorate (AP) particles. The scanning electron microscope, infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses, and differential thermal analyses were employed to characterize the prepared samples. The results show that the surface of AP particles is completely covered by a uniform and dense M(5-ATZ) 4 Cl 2 (M = Cu, Co) self-assembled layer. Thermal analyses show that the high-temperature decomposition peak temperatures of AP/Cu(5-ATZ) 4 Cl 2 (10 wt%) and AP/Co(5-ATZ) 4 Cl 2 (10 wt%) are decreased by 93.3 °C and 127.1 °C compared to the case of pure AP, while the heat releases of them are increased by 539 J∙g −1 and 580 J∙g −1 . In addition, the burning rates of AP/Cu(5-ATZ) 4 Cl 2 /Al (10 wt%) and AP/Co(5-ATZ) 4 Cl 2 /Al (10 wt%) are increased by 6.8 mm∙s −1 and 7.8 mm∙s −1 compared with the case of AP/Al. Moreover, the hygroscopicity tests show that the prepared samples do not agglomerate aftter being placed in the atmosphere with a relative humidity of 79% for 66 h. This research shows considerable application prospects in improving the combustion and energy performance of solid propellants, it is also a reference for the design and preparation of other novel IEMs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能量材料
·
化学
·
表面科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）