Plants-Basel
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2026
·Vol. 15
·期 15
·2370
·
IF 4.7
Qian Shen,Tian-Tian Xia,Liang-Yuan Tong,Bin-Bin Lan,Wei-Lin Huang,Ti Wu,Xin Ye,Ning-Wei Lai,Li-Song Chen
MostCitrusspp. trees in China are cultivated in acidic soils with low soil organic matter and high Al3+. The mechanisms of humic acid (HA) to alleviate Al3+stress in plants remain unclear. ‘Sour pummelo’ (Citrus grandis(L.) Osbeck) seedlings were exposed to 0.5 (HA0.5), 0.1 (HA0.1), or 0 (HA0) mM sodium humate and 1.2 (Al1.2) or 0 (Al0) mM AlCl3·6H2O for 128 days. Thereafter, the research examined biomass; Al and mineral nutrients; leaf photosynthetic performance; and leaf and root nonstructural carbohydrates, reactive oxygen species metabolism, and related physiological parameters. Al1.2 significantly reduced whole plant dry weight (DW), root DW, leaf CO2assimilation (ACO2), and chlorophylla + bconcentration by 61%, 45%, 61%, and 35%, respectively, at HA0, but only 48%, 17%, 44%, and 11%, respectively, at HA0.5. Further analysis suggested that the addition of HA endowedCitruswith Al resilience by the following several aspects: (a) lessened tissue (leaf, stem, and root) concentrations of Al and enhanced capacity to maintain macronutrient (S, K, Mg, Ca, N, and P) homeostasis at Al1.2; (b) improved capacity to combat oxidative stress at Al1.2; and (c) enhanced ACO2and growth at Al1.2. Further analysis indicated that HA-mediated alleviation of growth decline caused by Al1.2 involved (a) reduced ability to absorb Al and less root-to-shoot Al transport and (b) increased ability to maintain macronutrient homeostasis and to combat oxidative stress; and that HA-mediated alleviation of leaf chlorophyll and ACO2decline and photosynthetic electron transport chain impairment involved less leaf Al concentration and improved leaf macronutrient homeostasis. To conclude, the addition of HA lowered roots’ ability to absorb Al and tissue Al concentration and subsequently mitigated Al-toxic impairment to root growth and function, thereby enhancing the ability of plants to maintain macronutrient homeostasis, and hence alleviating Al1.2-stimulated oxidative damage and inhibition of ACO2and growth.
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Agronomy-Basel
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 15
·1504
·
IF 4.1
Yan Zhou,Feiyang Xia,Jun Lu,Xiang Wang,Junwen Qi,Qijie Jin,Shengtian Zhang,Jiansheng Li
Humic substances (HSs) possess abundant oxygen-containing functional groups that theoretically confer exceptional complexation capacity for heavy metal (HM) remediation; however, their speciation-dependent extractive behaviors across multi-metal contaminated soils remain insufficiently quantified. This study systematically evaluated the washing performance of six humic-based agents derived from weathered coal and lignite on soils contaminated with representative cadmium and arsenic species. Batch sequential washing experiments demonstrated that a four-cycle extraction at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 30:1 achieved high average cumulative removal efficiencies of 92.9% for Cd and 83.0% for As, with weathered coal-derived humic acid (HAW) exhibiting the highest removal efficiency. Microstructural and spectroscopic characterizations indicated that abundant oxygen-containing functional groups and highly condensed aromatic structures served as the core drivers for HM complexation. Furthermore, the XGBoost-SHAP model accurately predicted Cd leaching efficiency, identifying washing times as the most influential variable, followed by contaminant speciation, leaching agent type, and L/S ratio. The substantially lower performance for As suggests that arsenic leaching is governed by additional physicochemical factors beyond the four operational variables, highlighting the need for speciation-related descriptors in future modeling efforts. Overall, this work demonstrates the technical feasibility of converting low-rank coal resources into high-value, sustainable soil washing agents, offering robust data-driven insights for the targeted design of site remediation strategies.
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WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 2.8
Wu Wei,Ma Xiaoqian,Wang Rui,Hao Mengqi
View large Download slide View large Download slide Close modal This paper delves into the impact of electrostatic interaction and wettability of MNPs on the efficiency of demulsifiers. Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanocomposites (Fe 3 O 4 /HA/PDDA/OLA MNPs, S1–S5) were synthesized with varying wettability and zeta potential by adjusting the surface modification ratio of poly-dimethyl-diallyl-ammonium chloride (PDDA) and oleylamine (OLA). S1–S5 were then used to demulsify O/W (hexadecane) nanoemulsions. The oil/water separation efficiency (SE) initially increased (S1–S4) and then decreased (S4–S5) with their increasing water contact angles (WCA). S4 with a WCA about 90° exhibited the maximum SE, although S4 has a negative charge and shows electrostatic repulsion with oil droplets, indicating that the wettability of MNPs, rather than electrostatic interaction, played a dominant role in demulsification. Adsorption energy of S1–S5 at the water–oil interface aligned with the variation in their demulsification efficiency. Based on previous reports, a possible demulsification mechanism was proposed. Hydrogen bond and hydrophobic long chains present in PDDA and OLA increased the interfacial activity of S4, which facilitated the spontaneous migration of MNPs to the interface of oil and water. With oil droplet aggregation by magnetic recovery, a good oil–water separation performance was achieved. The study provides a theoretical foundation for the design and synthesis of magnetic demulsifiers. Wettability of MNPs plays a crucial role in demulsification performance. Surface charge of MNPs shows less function than wettability. MNPs with a WCA of approximately 90° showed the maximum demulsification efficiency. The study provides a theoretical foundation for the design and synthesis of magnetic demulsifiers.
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Frontiers in Soil Science
·
2025
·
IF 3.7
Chun li Wang,Chen-yang Xu,Ren-tian Ma,Qi-rui Li,Fei-nan Hu,Shi-wei Zhao,Roland Bol
Fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA) are organic materials that can form complexes with metal ions, playing a crucial role in predicting the behavior of organic colloids. The colloidal stability values of FA and HA vary with pH and specific cations, but this has rarely been comprehensively examined. This study systematically compared the aggregation kinetics and colloidal stability of FA and HA and the mechanisms behind their behavior based on particle interaction theory. The results showed that higher pH values stabilized FA and HA colloids by increased electrostatic repulsive energy. Additionally, increased electrolyte concentration destabilized FA and HA colloids by cationic polarization (chemical bond formation). The cation aggregation ability followed the order Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ > Na+, showing that the specific ion effects induced by non-classical polarization resulted from the strong electric field of the highly negatively charged FA and HA. With pH values ranging from 5 to 7 and 9, FA and HA were stabilized through raising the critical coagulation concentrations (CCCs) in NaCl and KCl. With increasing pH, the enhanced electrostatic repulsive energies in the Na+ and K+ systems resulted in weaker aggregation behaviors due to the deprotonation of the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of colloids. Compared with HA, FA had a lower Hamaker constant, higher surface negative charges, larger CCCs, and stronger dispersion stability. This work will contribute to the understanding of organic colloidal aggregation mechanisms and act as a reference to predict their environmental behaviors.
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Journal of Water Process Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 6.7
Haishuo Wang,Xinke Tian,Jie Zhang,Heyong Huang,Shiyin Li,Guoxiang Wang
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays crucial roles in photochemical processes through light-induced transformations and reactive species generation. Four types – cyanobacteria extract from Lake Taihu (CDOM), reed leaf extract from Lake Taihu (RDOM), sodium humate (HA), and fulvic acid (FA) – were studied. The main component of all four DOM was humic acid-like, with fluorescence intensity reduced under light. Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometr (FT-ICR MS) revealed CDOM, RDOM, and FA contained abundant CHON and CHONS compounds, while HA was rich in CHO. Light exposure increased the number of molecular formulae in CDOM, RDOM, and FA. The unsaturation of CDOM, RDOM, and HA increased, while FA decreased. All DOM had high lignin abundance, with CDOM and RDOM also high protein and lipid. Lignin-like compounds decreased after 10 h light. DOM undergoes photochemical reactions under light to produce various reactive species, mainly excited triplet DOM ( 3 DOM ⁎ ), hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), CDOM produces the most ∙OH and 3 DOM ⁎ , and HA produces the most 1 O 2 . All four DOM types enhanced microcystin-LR (MCLR) photodegradation compared to no DOM, with FA showing the strongest promotion (29.2 % degradation). FA photolysis yielded higher ·OH and 1 O 2 , it was speculated that the conversion of 3 DOM ⁎ to ·OH and 1 O 2 may significantly impacts MCLR degradation. This study elucidates the differential effects of DOM from different sources on the photodegradation efficiency of MCLR due to their molecular composition and photochemical properties.
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Polymers
·
2026
·Vol. 18
·期 17
·2045
·
IF 5.8
Shuai Kuang,Enwei Chen,Tian-en Shui,Piyue Gong,Feng Wang,Haiying Huang
Humic acid, as a natural macromolecular aggregate rich in functional groups, offers abundant modification sites and tunable chemical functionality, making it a promising building block for three-dimensional network construction. In this study, glutaraldehyde (GA) was employed as a crosslinking agent to incorporate sodium humate (NaHA, sodium salt of humic acid from alkaline treatment) into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix, yielding composite membranes with enhanced structural stability and performance. The results demonstrate that NaHA effectively modulates the crosslinked network, and the physical and mechanical characteristics can be readily tailored by varying the PVA/NaHA/GA ratio. Compared with pristine PVA/GA hydrogel, the inclusion of NaHA significantly influences the mechanical response, with optimal comprehensive performance achieved at a NaHA content of 7.5 wt%, corresponding to a tensile strength of 60.4 MPa and an elongation at break of 74.2%. Furthermore, the cumulative release of NaHA after two days reached 64.4%, confirming that NaHA supramolecular aggregates were stably entrapped within the PVA/GA crosslinked matrix. The release kinetics were well described by the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. Overall, the covalent crosslinking of PVA with GA, together with hydrogen-bonding associations and physical entrapment mediated by NaHA, constructed a composite membrane network. This network exhibited tunable dry-state mechanical properties and sustained NaHA release, supporting its further evaluation as a prospective candidate for agricultural mulching films.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 11.4
Chengyang Zhang,Guoyang Zhang,Jiyuan Jin,Hongcen Zheng,Zhiwei Zhou,Shujuan Zhang
The coexistence of selenite (Se(IV)) and acetylacetone (AA) generated a synergistic effect on the growth inhibition of a bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa. The mechanism behind this phenomenon is of great significance in the control of harmful algal blooms. To elucidate the role of Se(IV) in this effect, the reactions in ternary solutions composed of Se(IV), AA (or two other similar hydrogen donors), and quinones, especially benzoquinone (BQ), were investigated. The transformation kinetic results demonstrate that Se(IV) played a catalytic role in the reactions between AA (or ascorbic acid) and quinones. By comparison with five other oxyanions (sulfite, sulfate, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate) and two AA derivatives, the formation of an AA-Se(IV) complexation intermediate was confirmed as a key step in the accelerated reactions between BQ and AA. To our knowledge, this is the first report on Se(IV) as a catalyst for quinone-involved reactions. Since both quinones and Se are essential in cells and there are many other chemicals of similar electron-donating properties to that of AA, the finding here shed light on the regulation of electron transport chains in a variety of processes, especially the redox balances that are tuned by quinones and glutathione.
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Water
·
2022
·Vol. 14
·期 18
·2811
·
IF 3.53
Zhixiong Liu,Wenlei Qin,Lei Sun,Huiyu Dong,Xiangjuan Yuan,Fei Pan,Dongsheng Xia
The degradation of acyclovir (ACY) and atenolol (ATL) in the UV/peroxydisulfate (UV/PDS) process has been systematically considered, focusing on the degradation kinetics, theoretical models, and reaction pathways via applying a microfluidic UV reaction system. The removal efficiencies of ACY and ATL were >94.8%, and the apparent degradation rate constants (kobs) were 0.0931 and 0.1938 min−1at pH 6.0 in the UV/PDS system. The sulfate radical (SO4•−) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) were identified as the major reactive radicals. The pH-dependent reaction rate constants of ACY and ATL with•OH and SO4•−were measured via the competing kinetics. Meanwhile, the contributions of•OH and SO4•−for ACY and ATL degradation were calculated by the radical steady-state hypothesis, and the results revealed that SO4•−occupied a decisive position (>84.5%) for the elimination of ACY and ATL. The contribution of•OH became more significant with the increasing pH, while SO4•−was still dominant. Moreover, ACY and ATL degradation performance were systematically evaluated via the experiments and Kintecus model under different operational parameters (Cl−, Br−, HCO3−, NOM, etc.) in the UV/PDS process. Furthermore, the plausible reaction pathways of ACY and ATL were elucidated based on the Fukui function theory and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) analysis. The UV/PDS process has been demonstrated to be an efficient and potential application for micropollutants mitigation.Keywords:UV/PDS;micropollutants;radical contribution rates;kinetic models;degradation pathways
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JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH
·
2022
·Vol. 24
·期 9
·1-16
·
IF 2.533
Zhang Xiaoran,Du Xinyue,Wang Mingxiu,Li Zhifei,Zhang Ziyang,Tan Chaohong,Liu Junfeng,Li Haiyan
SiO 2 -engineered nanoparticles (SiO 2 -ENPs) are one of the most commonly employed nanomaterials. There was a lack of research on the comprehensive effects of environmental factors on the stability of SiO 2 -ENPs. In the present work, the aggregation size, surface charge, and percentage of nanoparticles have been studied under the presence of monovalent/divalent cations combined with natural organic matter (NOM), in an effort to provide a comprehensive investigation of the stability of SiO 2 -ENPs in complex environmental conditions. Results show that NOM adsorbed to the particles and made their zeta potential more negative, hence stabilizing them by electrostatic repulsion, and the stability of nano-SiO 2 in NOM solutions follows the order of pH 9 > pH 7 > pH 5. In addition, SiO 2 -ENPs size in solutions with humic acid (HA) was larger than that with fulvic acid (FA). The aggregation of SiO 2 -ENPs enhanced with the increase of cation concentrations, and divalent cations (Ca 2+ ) show stronger influence on SiO 2 -ENPs aggregate than monovalent cations. Divalent cations partially neutralized the adsorbed organic matter, and aggregation was enhanced with Ca 2+ , suggesting the presence of specific Ca 2+ -NOM bridges. The aggregation of SiO 2 -ENPs in electrolyte (CaCl 2 or NaCl) and CaCl 2 + NOM solutions follows in the order of pH 5~pH 9 > pH 7, showing that weakly acidic or alkaline conditions are not favorable for the stability of SiO 2 -ENPs in complex environmental systems.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2022
·
IF 14.224
Lu Zhao,Hanlin Zhang,Zhipeng Dai,Ai-Yong Zhang,Jiao Yin,Shuchuan Peng,Heng Liang
The efficient recycling of agricultural chestnut shell waste is of considerable interest due to its large availability and economic feasibility. Herein, an alkaline-activated biochar was thermally prepared using chestnut shell by finely regulating main conditions; its morphological, structural and physic-chemical properties were well characterized. Fenton-like capacity to trigger peroxymonosulfate activation for superior pollutant degradation with high efficiency and good selectivity was validated in different water matrix. Both radical formation and electron transfer were identified as reaction pathways, while the selective non-radical mechanism played the major role in pollutant degradation. Surface ketonic groups were identified as the main reactive sites for non-selective radical production, while crystal edges and structural defects on sp 2 /sp 3 carbon network could smoothly mediate the selective electron transfer from pollutant to oxidant in the non-radical Fenton-like catalysis. The two-mixed radical/non-radical pathways exhibited important advantages for environmental decontamination , in comparison with the one-single radical or non-radical mechanism. Our study provided a promising recycling strategy for agricultural chestnut shell, as well as an environment-friendly catalyst for heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysis in green water purification rendered by the synergistic radical/non-radical reaction pathways.
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CHEMOSPHERE
·
2023
·
IF 8.8
Jin Wang,Mengqing Sun,Lulu Wang,Xinni Xiong,Wenhuan Yuan,Yanyi Liu,Siyu Liu,Qiaozhi Zhang,Juan Liu,Yuqi Wang,Daniel C.W. Tsang
Arsenic (As) is a potentially toxic element with variable valence states. Due to high toxicity and bioaccumulation, As can pose a severe threat to the quality of the ecology as well as human health. In this work, As(III) in water was effectively removed by biochar-supported copper ferrite magnetic composite with persulfate. The copper ferrite@biochar composite exhibited higher catalytic activity than copper ferrite and biochar. The removal of As(III) could reach 99.8% within 1 h under the conditions of initial As(III) concentration at 10 mg/L, initial pH at 2–6, and equilibrium pH at 10. The maximum adsorption capacity of As(III) by copper ferrite@biochar-persulfate was 88.9 mg/g, achieving superior performance than mostly reported the metal oxide adsorbents. By means of a variety of characterization techniques, it was found that ∙OH acted as the main free radical for removing As(III) in the copper ferrite@biochar-persulfate system and the major mechanisms were oxidation and complexation. As a natural fibre biomass waste-derived adsorbent, ferrite@biochar presented a high catalytic efficiency and easy magnetic separation for As(III) removal. This study highlights the great potential of copper ferrite@biochar-persulfate application in As(III) wastewater treatment .
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 8.6
Lu Zhao,Liang Liu,Xiao-Feng Bai,Ai-Yong Zhang,Shu-Chuan Peng,Chi Zhang,Hai-Hong Niu,Heng Liang
Pollutants removal by Fenton-like catalysis is of considerable interest, and the solid catalyst play governing roles. Two-dimensional MoS 2 can activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for radical-mediated catalysis via metallic 1T phase and/or crystal defects (i.e., sulfur vacancy). Herein, we explored the significant synergism between defective sulfur vacancy and metallic 1T rather than semiconducting 2H phase for Fenton-like catalysis on MoS 2 . This synergism was substrate-dependent during MoS 2 preparation. A series of sulfur-defected 1T-MoS 2 were prepared by H 2 O 2 oxidation, drastic structural but no morphological changes were measured. The defect-tailored 1T-MoS 2 exhibited a superior Fenton-like reactivity toward PMS activation and pollutant degradation in various water matrices. A 10.0 mg·L -1 of aqueous phenol was completely degraded in one hour, and the corresponding pseudo-first order reaction constant increased more than 12 times after defect engineering. No synergistic effect was measured between sulfur vacancy and semiconducting 2H phase on defective 2H-MoS 2 . Radical-mediated reaction mechanism was identified by ESR, scavenger inhibiting, spectroscopic analysis and electrochemical measurements. Electron transfer was accelerated within metallic 1T phase to favor PMS activation and pollutant degradation on defective sulfur vacancies serving as surface reactive sites. Our findings provided fundamental insights into PMS activation on sulfur vacancy promoted by 1T-MoS 2 in Fenton-like catalysis for water purification.
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