Regio- and stereoselective synthesis and evaluation of densely functionalized bispiro[oxindole-isoxazole-indandione] hybrids as anticancer agents
A substrate-dependent, highly β-regioselective one-pot multicomponent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of 3-methyl-4-nitro-5-isatylidenyl-isoxazoles with azomethine ylides (thermally generated in situ from ninhydrin and sarcosine) is reported for the first time, furnishing a library of biologically useful bispiro[oxindole-isoxazole-indandione] hybrids. Target novel and structurally complex compounds have been obtained in good yields and diastereoselectivities (up to 91% yield and 20 : 1 dr) with two adjacent spiro quaternary centres. Furthermore, the described method, which is different from our previous work of α-regioselective cycloaddition of 3-methyl-4-nitro-5-isatylidenyl-isoxazoles, is a highly β-regioselective cycloaddition. The newly synthesized compounds potently inhibited the proliferation of various cancer cell lines. The most potent compound 4ah could induce the apoptosis of K562 cells through a caspase-dependent and -independent pathway.
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