The utilization of biomass-based hydrogels represents a versatile approach toward the conservation of waterlogged wooden artifacts, showcasing the potential of sustainable technologies in mild and long-term cultural relic treatments while simplifying preservation procedures to minimize environmental impact. Alginate/polyacrylamide hydrogels offer promising potential as substrate materials for conserving waterlogged wooden artifacts. Their robust mechanical properties and flexible functionality address specific preservation requirements, such as antimicrobial, moisturizing, and deacidifying needs, thereby enhancing the effectiveness and adaptability of conservation efforts. Herein, a self-dissolving hydrogel with antibacterial and deacidifying effects was prepared using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded in alginate/polyacrylamide hydrogels and used for the conservation of waterlogged archeological wood obtained from Nanhai No. 1, an 800-year-old shipwreck salvaged from the South China Sea. Its self-dissolving characteristics can effectively avoid damage to the wood when removing the hydrogel. The embedded AgNPs were found to provide a good preservation effect on wooden cultural relics in terms of solubility, stretchability, and antibacterial properties due to their tunable interaction with the polymer chains, which was characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), mechanical testing, antibacterial experiments, etc. The gels can be stretched to 20 times their initial length and demonstrate a 99% reduction in bacterial presence. This innovative hydrogel effectively neutralizes the acid generated by bacteria metabolism and notably possesses self-dissolution behavior that avoids the damage caused by peeling off the hydrogel from the wood surface. These characteristics provide a distinct advantage for the timely protection and multipurpose preservation of wooden artifacts and offer potential in other comparable scenarios.
Reasonably designing and constructing transition metal based compounds with controllable composition and structure is a promising option for obtaining economically efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts. This paper presents a one-pot self-templated epitaxial growth, phase transition and self-dissolution strategy for constructing hollow nanoboxes/solid nanocubes of CoFe bimetallic Prussian blue analogues (PBAs). The CoFe mixed phosphide with a porous hollow nanoboxes structure obtained after subsequent phosphating heat treatment exhibite enhanced OER electrocatalytic activity in alkaline media, exhibiting a low overpotential of 230 mV and a Tafel slope of 35.5 dec −1 at 10 mA cm −2 , as well as excellent stability for 48 h. The excellent OER activity of CoP-FeP nanoboxes (CoP-FeP NBs) can be attributed to the combination effect between their composition and structure. Structurally, the exquisite porous hollow nanoboxes structure greatly expands the surface area, reduces ion diffusion pathways, and reduces charge transfer resistance. Compositionally, the inner transition metal phosphide exhibits good conductivity and undergoes surface reconstruction during OER, forming high valence Co(Fe)OOH active substances in situ. The strong interface coupling effect of CoOOH/FeOOH optimizes the electronic structure. This work presents a facile and efficient strategy for the construction of PBAs hollow structural materials and the exploitation of low-cost and efficient electrocatalysts.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）