The pyrophoric tendency of the powder of corrosion products and deposits in oil tanks was investigated by performing several series of tests in a modified self-heating experimental apparatus based on the crossing point temperature method. Three samples of the powder of corrosion products and deposits in oil tanks as well as a ferrous sulfide were used as test samples. The corresponding apparent activation energies ( E a s) were obtained: 26.1 kJ mol −1 for the corrosion products of a crude oil storage tank, 27.2 kJ mol −1 for the middle distillate oil storage tanks, and 43.5 kJ mol −1 for ferrous sulfide; the unexposed cross-point for deposits of a crude oil storage tank was at a temperature below 250 °C. Those values of E a s indicated that the corrosion products of the two oil storage tanks showed a stronger pyrophoric tendency than did the deposits of the crude oil storage tanks and ferrous sulfide. Furthermore, the E a values were similar to those of reactions reported for the incomplete oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), thus supporting the viewpoint that H 2 S may be considered the intermediate product for accelerating the self-heating and self-ignition of sulfide at temperatures below 250 °C and may play a major role in inducing fires and explosions in storage oil tanks. In addition, possible sources of H 2 S in self-heating of the corrosion product were largely caused by thermochemical sulfate reduction or thermal decomposition of the organic matter of oil tanks.
Ying Wang,Li Wang,Ning Gan,Zi-Yian Lim,Chunzheng Wu,Jun Peng,Wei Guo Wang
Ni/ x Y 2 O 3 –Al 2 O 3 ( x = 5, 10, 15, 20 wt%) catalysts were prepared by sequential impregnation synthesis. The catalytic performance for the autothermal reforming of methane was evaluated and compared with Ni/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst. The physicochemical properties of catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS), Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and H 2 -temperature programmed reduction techniques (TPR). The decrease of nickel particle size and the change of reducibility were found with Y modification. The CH 4 conversion increased with elevating levels of Y 2 O 3 from 5% to 10%, then decreased with Y content from 10% to 20%. Ni/ x Y 2 O 3 –Al 2 O 3 catalysts maintained high activity after 24 h on stream, while Ni/Al 2 O 3 had a significant deactivation. The characterization of spent catalysts indicated that the addition of Y retarded Ni sintering and decreased the amount of coke.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）