SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
·
2019
·
IF 6.393
Changxin Huangfu,Yu Zhang,Minseok Jang,Liang Feng
Cu 2+ , Fe 2+ and free chlorine are three important analytes in drinking water. Firstly, the μPAD for single analyte was easily fabricated. Detection limits for Cu 2+ , Fe 2+ and free chlorine were 0.1 mg L −1 , 0.1 mg L −1 and 0.2 mg L −1 , respectively, less or equal to each Chinese Drinking Water Standard concentration and lower than those of most commercially available testing strips. Another μPAD with two layers was then developed to monitor and report the safety level of these three analytes in drinking water simultaneously. Moreover, the μPADs for Fe 2+ and free chlorine provided more distinguishable colors to users with naked eyes. The as-fabricated μPAD not only demonstrated excellent anti-interference capability, production reproducibility, but also exhibited good applicability for real use in different kinds of drinking water.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Water Process Engineering
·
2024
·
IF 6.3
Miao Yu,Xinyuan Lv,Ziqi Wang,Minghao Sui
Virus-induced risks to water quality persist, with the viability of viruses in complex aquatic environments impacted by various factors, including coexisting bacteria and exposure to light. This study investigated the disinfection efficacy of UV 254 irradiation and free chlorine (FC) on Bacteriophage phiX174 in the presence of coexisting bacteria, specifically Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Bacillus subtilis ( B. subtilis ). To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, this study examined the effects of bacterial compounds (i.e., E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and B. subtilis peptidoglycan (PGN)) on viral inactivation, thermal stability, and environmental persistence. The research results demonstrated that bacterial presence and their associated compounds significantly impaired viral inactivation, with greater concentrations of coexisting bacteria and their compounds exacerbating this effect. Additionally, the photoreactivation of phiX174 was explored following UV 254 irradiation, indicating that high-dose UV 254 , coupled with low nutrient availability and minimal host bacteria levels, effectively suppressed viral photoreactivation. This study is the first to investigate the multifactorial effects on viral photoreactivation. The results offer novel insights into the challenges associated with virus-related pressures in water treatment, with potential implications for optimizing disinfection processes.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
微生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
WATER RESEARCH
·
2024
·
IF 11.4
Xuecong Qian,Shilong Wang,Haijun Cheng,Luwei Li,Yun Liu,Jinhao Duan,Da Wang,Jun Ma
Fe(II) and Mn(II) are abundant in groundwater and require operationally simple and efficient method to remove in drinking water treatment. The rapid oxidation of Mn(II) is essential in water treatment. This study investigates the efficiency of Mn(II) oxidation by free chlorine in the presence of Fe(II). The results demonstrate that the presence of Fe(II) significantly accelerates the oxidation rate of Mn(II) by free chlorine under neutral and alkaline conditions. The rapid oxidation of Fe(II) by free chlorine and the presence of Mn(II) promote the formation of in situ Mn(II)-doped ferrihydrite. Kinetic modeling and characterization of Fe(III) oxides confirm that the heterogeneous catalytic effect of the Mn(II)-doped ferrihydrite, rather than manganese oxides or their coupled catalytic effect, is responsible for the enhanced oxidation rates. The doped Mn(II) substitutes the tetrahedral Fe(III) ions in the ferrihydrite, introducing additional negative charges at the doped sites. The increased charge enhances Mn(II) adsorption and lowers its redox potential, thereby accelerating Mn(II) oxidation rate through direct electron transfer with adjacent free chlorine. Additionally, the lepidocrocite formed by the reaction between Fe(II) and dissolved oxygen significantly impedes the catalytic performance. These findings provide new insights into the catalytic co-oxidation mechanism of Fe(II) and Mn(II), and help the optimization of water treatment engineering practices.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
水处理工程
·
化学动力学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 9.028
Chengxue Ma,Haijun Cheng,Ruixing Huang,Yijie Zou,Qiang He,Xiaoliu Huangfu,Jun Ma
The oxidation of thallium [Tl(I)] to Tl(III) by chlorine (HOCl) is an important process changing its removal performance in water treatment. However, the role of bromide (Br–), a common constituent in natural water, in the oxidation behavior of Tl(I) during chlorination remains unknown. Our results demonstrated that Br– was cycled and acted as a catalyst to enhance the kinetics of Tl(I) oxidation by HOCl over the pH range of 5.0–9.5. Different Tl(I) species (i.e., Tl+ and TlOH(aq)) and reactive bromine species (i.e., HOBr/BrO–, BrCl, Br2O, and BrOCl) were kinetically relevant to the enhanced oxidation of Tl(I). The oxidation by free bromine species became the dominant pathway even at a low Br– level of 50 μg/L for a chlorine dose of 2 mg of Cl2/L. It was found that the reactions of Tl+/BrCl, Tl+/BrOCl, and TlOH(aq)/HOBr dominated the kinetics of Tl(I) oxidation at pH < 6.0, pH 6.0–8.0, and pH > 8.0, respectively. The species-specific rate constants for Tl+ reacting with individual bromine species were determined and decreased in the order: BrCl > Br2 > BrOCl > Br2O > HOBr. Overall, the presented results refine our knowledge regarding the species-specific reactivity of TI(I) with bromine species and will be useful for further prediction of thallium mobility in chlorinated waters containing bromide.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
水处理化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
·
2021
·
IF 7.491
Laxiang Yang,Jieqiong Zhou,Yuxin Feng
Pesticide residue in vegetables has been considered as a serious food safety problem across the whole world. This study investigates a novel advanced oxidation process (AOP), namely the coupled free chlorine/ultrasound (FC/US) process for the removal of three typical pesticides from lettuce. The removal efficiencies of dimethoate (DMT), trichlorfon (TCF) and carbofuran (CBF) from lettuce reached 86.7%, 79.8% and 71.3%, respectively by the FC/US process. There existed a synergistic effect in the coupled FC/US process for pesticide removal and the synergistic factors reached 22.3%, 19.0% and 36.4% for DMT, TCF and CBF, respectively. Based on the analysis of mass balance of pesticides, the synergistic effect was probably attributed to the efficient oxidation of pesticides both in vegetables and in water by the generated free radicals and FC. The surface area and surface structure of vegetables strongly affected the removal of pesticides by FC/US. The removal efficiency of DMT increased from 80.9% to 88.1% as solution pH increased from 5.0 to 8.0, and then decreased to 84.1% when solution pH further increased to 9.0. When the ultrasonic frequency changed from 20 to 40 kHz, a remarkable improvement in pesticide removal by FC/US was observed. As the FC concentration increased from 0 to 15 mg L –l , the removal efficiencies of pesticides increased firstly, and then became stagnant when the FC concentration further increased to 25 mg L –l . The pesticide degradation pathways based on the identified intermediates were proposed. The total chlorophyll content was reduced by less than 5% after the FC/US process, indicating a negligible damage to the quality of vegetables. It suggests that the FC/US process is a promising AOP for pesticides removal from vegetables.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
·
2017
·
IF 5.401
Jiaqing Guo,Yanping Lin,Hao Huang,Shichao Zhang,Tingting Huang,Wen Weng
A facile one-pot solvothermal strategy was used to prepare fluorescent carbon nitride nanoparticles (CNNPs) using tartaric acid and urea as carbon and nitrogen sources at relatively low temperatures. The obtained CNNPs were characterized by multiple analytical techniques. The CNNPs with fluorescence (FL) quantum yield up to 17.9% exhibited excellent selectivity and sensitivity of fluorescence quenching for free chlorine. The quenching rate was quick, and the linear response range of free chlorine was from 0 to 30 μM. The limit of detection (LOD) was as low as 13 nM, which was much lower than that of the most widely used N,N -diethyl- p -phenylenediamine (DPD) colorimetric method. This sensing system exhibits many advantages, such as short response time (less than 1 min), excellent selectivity, high sensitivity, and wide linear response range. The results show that this method has promising potential applications in the detection of free chlorine in real water samples.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 11.3
Yuheng Chen,Longjie Cheng,Pavel Nesterenko,Boqiang Li,Haolin Yang,Xiao Li,Lan Li,Baiyang Chen
Free chlorine (FC), primarily existing as hypochlorite anion in alkaline water (pK a 7.5), could theoretically be analyzed by an ion chromatography (IC) system. However, the feasibility of direct FC detection by IC remains controversial in previous researches. To address this issue, this study systematically examined the fate of FC under varying IC eluent pH, anion exchange column (AEC) types, detectors, and suppression conditions. The results ultimately disprove it and show that the primary obstacle to direct FC analysis with IC system is its transformation: 31 %–41 % became Cl - and 59 %–69 % became immobile organic chloramines in AEC, due to its reaction with quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) in AECs. Moreover, IC analysis of Cl - might be interfered by coexisting FC, although FC concentrations are typically much lower than Cl - . Eluent suppressor can also consume FC even when residual FC after AEC is limited. In contrast, variations in water pH do not affect FC stability, and a UV detector effectively distinguishes FC from other anions. This study hence for the first time elucidates several FC consumption mechanisms in IC system, which represent key barriers hindering FC analysis by IC, and accordingly provide some guidance on future efforts to develop novel AEC to overcome these barriers.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Water Process Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 6.7
Chengzhi Zhou,Zhen Wang,Haoran Wang,Yanlong Sun,Lei Yang,Hangyang Feng,Liguo Shen,Xia Tian,Junfeng Niu
In the present work, the electrochemical degradation of artificial sweetener alitame was performed by using two-dimensional plate anode and three-dimensional porous membrane anode. The results show that the alitame degradation rate increased about 10 times and energy consumption reduced 10 times, when the plate anode was replaced by porous membrane anode. The degradation rate constant of alitame was 0.305 min −1 and the energy consumption was 0.27 Wh L −1 using membrane anode at current density of 2 mA cm −2 . The presence of NO 3 − and HCO 3 − inhibited the alitame degradation, while Cl − improved the alitame removal significantly. The promotion effect was mainly ascribed to free chlorine specie in high chlorine content, and the effect in low chlorine content was attributed to ·OH, chlorine radical and free chlorine specie together. Twenty-six degradation products including three chlorinated intermediates were identified in the presence of chloridion. The degradation process mainly included hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, sulfur-replaced reaction, dehydration condensation and chlorinated reaction. Toxicity analysis results show that potential risks in developmental toxicity and mutagenicity should be not ignored when chloridion exists. These results demonstrate that electrocatalysis with three-dimensional membrane anode exhibits high efficiency in removing artificial sweeteners especially in a chlorine environment.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
电化学
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2024
·Vol. 31
·期 30
·42921-42930
·
IF 0
Ye Miaomiao,Luo Ziyi,Jin Wen,Wang Xingyuan,Zhang Tuqiao,Liu Xiaowei
The viewpoints on whether high concentrations of chloride ion (Cl − ) promote or inhibit the oxidation activity of activated persulfates are still inconclusive. Furthermore, the degradation of organic pollutants by the persulfates in the presence of high Cl − concentrations without any activation medium has not yet been studied. In this work, the efficiency and mechanism of degradation of organic pollutants such as carbamazepine (CBZ), sulfadiazine (SDZ), and phenol (PN) by Cl − -activated PMS (denoted as Cl − /PMS) were investigated. Results showed that Cl − could effectively activate PMS for the complete removal of CBZ, SDZ, and PN with reaction kinetic constants of 0.4516 min −1 , 0.01753 min −1 , and 0.06805 min −1 , respectively. Parameters such as PMS dose, Cl − concentration, solution pH, and initial concentrations of organic pollutants that affect the degradation efficiencies of the Cl − /PMS process were optimized. Unlike conventional activated persulfates, it was confirmed that the free chlorine was the main active species in the Cl − /PMS process. Finally, the degradation by-products of CBZ and SDZ as well as their toxicity were detected, and a possible degradation pathway for CBZ and SDZ was proposed. Though higher toxic chlorinated by-products were generated, the Cl − /PMS process was still an efficient oxidation method for the removal of organic pollutants in aqueous solutions which contain high concentrations of Cl − .
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2018
·
IF 3.927
Yinan Bu,Liwei Wang,Baiyang Chen,Ruilan Niu,Yi Chen
This study investigated a range of typical water components and parameters, including pH, carbonate, bicarbonate, halides , nitrate, dissolved organic matter (DOM), free chlorine, and initial concentration, on the photodegradation kinetics of seven different haloacetic acids (HAAs) with different halogen substitutions. The results show that the photolysis rates can generally be enhanced by additions of free chlorine and iodide yet decelerated by increases of DOM and bromide. In contrast, pH and feeding HAA concentration did not affect the photodegradation of HAAs significantly over pH ranges from 6 to 11 or doses from 0.05 to 50 mg/L. One exception existed that hydroxide, bicarbonate, and carbonate apparently inhibited the photolysis kinetics of monochloroacetic acid, suggesting that indirect photolysis via hydroxyl radical was partially responsible for this compound. As for the combined influences of water matrix, the photolysis rates of HAAs dosed into tap, lake, and ocean waters were lower than those dosed into ultrapure water by on average 21–38%, indicating that most components in these real waters tended to suppress the photolysis. The study therefore demonstrates the complexity of DBP removal using a UV system, and such results may help assessment of the real potential of UV photolysis for HAA control in water.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Microsystems & Nanoengineering
·
2022
·Vol. 8
·期 1
·1-12
·
IF 8.006
Yin Jiawen,Gao Wanlei,Yu Weijian,Guan Yihua,Wang Zhenyu,Jin Qinghui
Free chlorine is one of the key water quality parameters in tap water. However, a free chlorine sensor with the characteristics of batch processing, durability, antibiofouling/antiorganic passivation and in situ monitoring of free chlorine in tap water continues to be a challenging issue. In this paper, a novel silicon-based electrochemical sensor for free chlorine that can self-clean and be mass produced via microfabrication technique/MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) is proposed. A liquid-conjugated Ag/AgCl reference electrode is fabricated, and electrochemically stable BDD/Pt is employed as the working/counter electrode to verify the effectiveness of the as-fabricated sensor for free chlorine detection. The sensor demonstrates an acceptable limit of detection (0.056 mg/L) and desirable linearity ( R 2 = 0.998). Particularly, at a potential of +2.5 V, hydroxyl radicals are generated on the BBD electrode by electrolyzing water, which then remove the organic matter attached to the surface of the sensor though an electrochemical digestion process. The performance of the fouled sensor recovers from 50.2 to 94.1% compared with the initial state after self-cleaning for 30 min. In addition, by employing the MEMS technique, favorable response consistency and high reproducibility (RSD < 4.05%) are observed, offering the opportunity to mass produce the proposed sensor in the future. A desirable linear dependency between the pH, temperature, and flow rate and the detection of free chlorine is observed, ensuring the accuracy of the sensor with any hydrologic parameter. The interesting sensing and self-cleaning behavior of the as-proposed sensor indicate that this study of the mass production of free chlorine sensors by MEMS is successful in developing a competitive device for the online monitoring of free chlorine in tap water.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
·
传感器技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 12.2
Xiaoyang Li,Han Zhang,Jiahang Liu,Yingying Chu,Mengying Qian,Zhichao Yang,Ming Hua,Weiming Zhang
Chloride ion (Cl − ) is ubiquitous in diverse water bodies, yet poses a longstanding challenge in water pollution control by hindering the efficiency of pollutant degradation. Herein, we proposed a novel concept involving the direct utilization of endogenous Cl − ions in water for rapid water purification within a non-redox zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 )-activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system. In this process, PMS was complexed on the ZrO 2 surface through inner-sphere coordination, and effectively activated by the partial electron cloud deviation from Zr(IV) sites to PMS, thereby forming a metastable surface complex with an elevated redox potential. Afterwards, the coexistence of Cl − could trigger the transformation of the reactive complex into free chlorine species, thus leading to a 255.0-fold enhancement in the elimination rate of micropollutants compared with the ZrO 2 /PMS system. Quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that the ZrO 2 /PMS/Cl − system displayed strong target-dependence towards electron-rich compounds, showcasing a faster oxidation rate for pollutants with higher E HOMO energy levels. Significantly, the novel system performed robust resistance to complex water matrices, achieved low oxidant consumption for pollutant removal, and demonstrated adaptation across a broad range of Cl − concentrations (1.0–100.0 mM). Overall, our findings provide new mechanistic insights into the influence of Cl − ions on PMS activation, which refresh the understanding of the role of Cl − ions on pollutant degradation, and help to guide the treatment design for chloride-containing wastewater.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）