Yang Liu,Cong Wu,Haojian Lu,Yuanyuan Yang,Wenjung Li,Yajing Shen
Three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel microcapsules offer great potential in a wide variety of biomedical and tissue engineering applications for their promising biodegradability and customizable geometry. Although recent advances in microfluidics and electrospray techniques have achieved high-throughput production of droplet microcapsules, they are still faced with the intractable challenge of obtaining programmable shape-engineered microcapsules with complex spatial architecture. Herein, a programmable light-induced biofabrication strategy is proposed to construct higher-order microcapsule architectures by developing a microencapsulation microchip. Such a method not only enables one to prepare various 2D Ca-alginate hydrogel sheets with well-tailored shapes and sizes, but also forms 3D perfectly matched microcapsule components by taking advantage of shrinkage and swelling phenomena. The proposed biofabrication method overcomes the drawback of conventional monotonous microencapsulation and allows us to fabricate sophisticated microcapsules with higher-order and biomimicking joints, such as a self-locking architecture. It can provide wide applications in biomedicine and would offer many unprecedented possibilities of artificial tissue engineering.
Shi-Peng Chen,Jing Wang,Dan-Yang Zhao,Jin-Long Zhu,Jia-Cheng Lv,Gan-Ji Zhong,Hua-Dong Huang,Zhong-Ming Li
Cellulose-based bioplastic films have long been considered a promising alternative to unrecyclable plastics. However, the failure to harness their full potential of hydroxyl-rich nature causes weakness and brittleness, restricting their successful applications. Inspired by natural bamboo, a supramolecular engineering strategy is proposed to modulate the self-assembly kinetics of cellulose chains for simultaneously reinforcing and toughening cellulose films. A loosely-structured amorphous molecular network is first constructed to enable dynamic rearrangement, and then the stretching field induce the formation of highly-aligned nanofibers, resembling a natural snap-fit self-locking system. As a result, the highly-aligned and tightly-stacked nanofiber imparts transparent cellulose films with an increase of exceeding 300% in fracture toughness to 6.82 MJ·m −3 and an impressive tensile strength of 176 MPa, surpassing the most previously reported fully regenerated cellulose films. This pioneering approach of kinetic molecular modulation opens up a new perspective for high-performance, transparent, and truly sustainable bioplastic films and beyond.
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