INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
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2016
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IF 2.567
Fan Zhang,Yong Li,Lele Zhang,Zhiyong Zhou,Wei Sun,Zhongqi Ren
The separation of aromatics and aliphatic hydrocarbons is one of the most challenging and energy consuming operations in the petrochemical industry. In this study, two ionic liquids (ILs), N-benzyl-N-methylimidazoium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (IL-a) and N-benzyl-N-vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (IL-b), were synthesized. Six ternary systems, i.e., toluene–heptane–IL (IL-a or IL-b), benzene–hexane–IL (IL-a or IL-b), and benzene–cyclohexane–IL (IL-a or IL-b), were studied in terms of both quantum chemical calculation and liquid–liquid extraction (LLE). The quantum calculation results showed that both ILs had stronger interaction with aromatics than that with alkanes. For both ILs, stronger binding energy was obtained with toluene than that with benzene. The liquid–liquid extraction experiments were conducted at 298.2 K and atmospheric pressure. The distribution coefficients of aromatic compounds (benzene and toluene) were over 0.72 when IL-a was used as extractant and above 0.75 when IL-b was used. When IL-a was used in the ternary system with benzene and hexane, the selectivity was more than 30, and the distribution coefficient of benzene was over 2.2. Both ILs could be reused more than 10 times without significant loss of selectivity and decrease of distribution coefficients. Better separation performance was obtained at 298.2 K than that at 318.2 K. Another three ternary systems with long-chain alkanes were also tested. Experimental LLE data of these studied ternary systems could be correlated adequately using the NRTL thermodynamic model.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
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2015
·
IF 3.352
Yucui Hou,Zhongyi Li,Shuhang Ren,Weize Wu
In this work, separation of aromatic hydrocarbons from aromatic/aliphatic mixtures by deep eutectic solvents (DESs) at room temperature was developed. It was found that DES formed by levulinic acid as hydrogen bond donor and tetrabutylphosphonium bromide (TBPB) as hydrogen bond acceptor could efficiently separate aromatic hydrocarbons from aromatic/aliphatic mixtures. Levulinic acid/TBPB mole ratio, DES/toluene mole ratio, toluene mole fraction , and extraction temperature had an influence on the selectivity and extraction rate of toluene. The extraction could be performed at optimal conditions of 6:1 mol ratio of levulinic acid to TBPB and 6.4:1 mol ratio of DES to toluene at room temperature. Toluene in DES could be recovered by distillation of toluene at 100 °C under reduced pressure and DES was reused four times without obvious decrease in weight, selectivity and extraction rate. The work may provide an environmentally friendly method to separate aromatic/aliphatic mixtures, which avoids using a large number of toxic organic solvents.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 8.129
Huiyuan Wang,Tan Li,Jing Su,Kai Miao,Kaige Wang
Lignin hydropyrolysis was investigated in a high-pressure micro-reactor with on-line analysis characterization of products. The influences of atmosphere, pressure, and temperature on product formation during lignin pyrolysis were quantitatively discussed. The presence of hydrogen, elevated pressure and temperature favored the production of condensable vapors and permanent gas while inhibited the formation of char. High-pressure hydrogen boosted the conversion of methoxy phenolics to non-methoxy phenolics, and facilitated the generation of hydrocarbon condensable vapors and hydrocarbon gases. Non-methoxy phenolics were major condensable vapor from lignin hydropyrolysis. Yield of non-methoxy phenolics reached 19.68C% at 3 MPa and 500 °C. The monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as well as condensable aliphatic hydrocarbons were observed from lignin hydropyrolysis. Methane was the most abundant gas product from lignin hydropyrolysis, yield of which was 10.27C% at 2 MPa and 600 °C. The formation mechanisms of typical products were proposed and verified with experiments using model compounds. The formation of non-methoxy phenolics, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic hydrocarbons is related to the substitution of methoxy (and its methyls) and phenolic hydroxyl groups on benzene rings by alkyls, alkenyls and hydrogen radicals, as well as the hydrogenation of π bonds .
研究领域:
化学工程
·
能源科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
·
2015
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IF 1.964
Yan Li,Bing Li,Ting Chen,Zhicheng Zhou,Jun Wang,Jun Huang
A vanadium doped graphitic carbon nitride catalyst has been prepared and used for the direct hydroxylation of arenes with O 2 . Substituted arenes with electron-withdrawing groups such as CN, NO 2 , COOH, CF 3 , and COCH 3 were oxygenated to the corresponding phenols in moderate yields. The catalyst also proved applicable for the hydroxylation of aromatic halides (F, Cl, and Br) with O 2 .
研究领域:
化学
·
催化科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
·
2025
·
IF 5.8
Hui Hou,Jingang Yao,Fuli Yang,Hongqing Ma,Guiying Xu
CO 2 and green hydrogen for aromatics production are effective methods to mitigate CO 2 emissions. Herein, Mg 3-X Cr X O 4 spinel oxide was constructed via co-precipitation of Mg and Cr, followed by physical mixing with HZSM-11 to form a metal oxide-zeolite (OX-ZEO) bifunctional catalyst. The catalytic performance of this system in CO 2 aromatization was systematically evaluated. Notably, the designed catalysts followed a methanol-mediated pathway, overcoming limitations of the Anderson-Schulze-Flory distribution in aromatic hydrocarbon products. At varying Mg/Cr molar ratios, MgCr 2 O 4 /HZSM-11 exhibited the highest single-pass CO 2 conversion of 19.2 % and the highest aromatic selectivity of 75.2 % (excluding CO). Additionally, the optimal reaction conditions were determined for MgCr 2 O 4 /HZSM-11, achieving an excellent aromatic selectivity of 82.4 % and a CO 2 conversion of 22.6 % at 320 °C, a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 1200 mL·gat −1 ·h −1 and a pressure of 3.5 MPa. After 100 h, the MgCr 2 O 4 /HZSM-11 tandem catalyst maintained substantial catalytic activity, with aromatic selectivity and CO 2 conversion of 79.3 % and 21.1 %, respectively. This strategy offers valuable insights for designing OX-ZEO bifunctional catalysts.
研究领域:
催化化学
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环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2025
·
IF 6.2
Wanchen Zhu,Zhongyang Luo,Feiting Miao,Longyi Liu
Biomass hydropyrolysis vapor upgrading (HPVU) is a promising approach for biofuel production, where metallic catalysts play a key role in oxygen removal and aromatic hydrocarbon formation. In this study, Pd/HZSM-5 and Mo/γAl 2 O 3 catalysts were prepared and utilized individually or in combination to investigate their effects on poplar HPVU in a continuous-flow reactor. Meanwhile, the influence of upgrading temperature on hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reactions was studied. At an upgrading temperature of 400 ℃, combination of Pd/HZSM-5 and Mo/γAl₂O₃ resulted in an organic phase yield of 9.19 wt%. The mass yield and selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons reached 8.13 wt% and 93.4 %, respectively, with selectivity of C8 + monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons accounting for 56.7 %. The overall mass balance was 96.2 %. The presence of Pd promotes hydrogenation and hydroalkylation reactions, while Mo/γAl₂O₃ enhances deoxygenation. Additionally, its mesoporous structure facilitates reactant diffusion. The density functional theory calculations confirmed that Pd could efficiently activate H 2 and thus provide hydrogen radicals for HDO on Mo/γAl₂O₃ surface, which revealed the synergistic effect of these two catalysts. This study highlights that noble-metal catalyst aided by oxophilic metal catalyst can make a significant contribution to biomass HPVU.
研究领域:
能源与催化
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
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2012
·
IF 4.98
Yan Zhao,Yao Fu,Qing-Xiang Guo
In the present study, γ-valerolactone (GVL) is firstly reported to be converted into aromatic hydrocarbons through catalytic pyrolysis . The catalysts and reaction conditions are both critical in maximizing the hydrocarbon selectivity . Four zeolites , i.e. MCM-41, β-zeolite, ZSM-5 and HZSM-5 were tested in this work, among which HZSM-5 (Si/Al = 25) was found to be the most effective catalyst in both reactivity and selectivity. Under the reaction temperature of 500 °C, the highest carbon yield of 56.71% of aromatics was achieved from GVL with HZSM-5 (Si/Al = 25) as catalyst. Moreover, the HZSM-5 catalyst was recycled for five times without significant decrease in product selectivity.
研究领域:
能源与燃料
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2024
·
IF 6.7
Guozhang Chang,Shanshan Dai,Huifen Kang,Jie Li,Yong Liu,Jian Zhang,Qingjie Guo
Limited knowledge regarding the controlled preparation of aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) via catalytic pyrolysis of individual organic components hinders high yields of lignocellulosic biomass-based AHs. This report describes a systematic investigation of AHs generation following catalytic pyrolysis of organic components referring to cellulose, xylan, and lignin. Results show that in a programmed-heating process (20 °C/min), a (Ca-Fe)/HZSM-5 catalyst promoted the degradation of cellulose, xylan, and lignin with respective increment ratios of 24.56 %, 17.29 % and 19.45 %, and significantly increased the release of benzene during the pyrolysis of cellulose and xylan. In a fast-heating process (20 °C/ms), Ca-Fe alone presented a positive effect on bio-oil yield from cellulose, whereas HZSM-5 and (Ca-Fe)/HZSM-5 afforded high bio-oil yields from all three components. Notably, Ca-Fe and HZSM-5 exhibited synergistic effects on the bio-oil and AHs yields following cellulose pyrolysis, and on AHs yield following xylan pyrolysis. Alcohols, aldehydes, and furans were suitable precursors for generating AHs via pyrolysis of both cellulose and xylan. Lignin conversion to AHs involved various potential reaction pathways, including dehydration-deoxygenation-aromatization and dehydration-hydrodeoxygenation. The orders of (Ca-Fe)/HZSM-5 catalyzed pyrolysis of individual components towards AHs generation were xylan > cellulose > lignin. The presence of Ca-Fe particles inhibited deactivation of HZSM-5 in pyrolysis of a cellulose/xylan/lignin mixture.
研究领域:
能源植物学
·
催化化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2024
·
IF 5.8
Shan Cheng,Yi Fu,Hong Tian,Yi Cheng,Jiawei Wang,Jiang Zhu,Linxi Guo,Xuan Huang
The selectivity and catalytic mechanism of HZSM-5 in the pyrolysis of lignin model compounds at 600 °C were investigated using Py-GC/MS and density functional theory (DFT). The findings indicate that HZSM-5 elevated the relative content of aromatic hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis products of phenol, vanillin, and syringol by 12.3 %, 11.7 %, and 7.5 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the relative content of oxygen-containing products, including aldehydes and acids, was reduced by 15.7–52.0 %. Throughout the pyrolysis of lignin model compounds, various side chain reactions take place, such as dissociation, decarbonylation, isomerization rearrangement, alkylation, and aromatization. The selective catalytic decomposition mechanism of HZSM-5 on oxygen-containing functional groups involves both the physical selection imparted by the pore size structure and the selection of acid sites that form hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl, carbonyl, and methoxy groups. This mechanism was corroborated by DFT calculations, which showed that the energy barriers for the removal of most oxygen-containing functional groups were lowered by 1.7–72.4 kJ/mol. These results provide an in-depth understanding of the catalytic pyrolysis of lignin and pave the way for future research on the high-value utilization of waste lignin.
研究领域:
生物质能
·
催化化学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2022
·
IF 6.449
Shaoqing Wang,Zhihe Li,Weiming Yi,Peng Fu,Xueyuan Bai
Catalytic pyrolysis of corn cob lignin were preformed using a tailored HZSM-5 @Al-SBA-15 hierarchical zeolite for the production of value-added aromatic hydrocarbon. Resulted showed that the highly ordered two-dimensional p6mm mesoporous shell could uniformly form on the surface of HZSM-5 core phase. The porosity and acidity of the HZSM-5 @Al-SBA-15 could be tailored by adjusting the TEOS/HZSM-5 mass ratio in the synthesis process. The aromatic hydrocarbon components regulated due to pre-cracking and enhanced diffusion via the mesoporous shell, as well as the retained shape-selectivity of the HZSM-5 core. Herein, the relative content of MAHs reached 45.02% with fewer poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of 25.91% when the TEOS/HZSM-5 mass ratio of 1.0. However, the length of the diffusion path had a certain impact on the anti-coking behavior. The catalytic stability of the hierarchical zeolites was also improved, with less coke formation than HZSM-5 alone. This work demonstrates that using a tailored hierarchical zeolite to regulate aromatic hydrocarbon components is feasible, and provide a reference for the practical application of agricultural crop wastes.
研究领域:
能源与环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RENEWABLE ENERGY
·
2025
·
IF 9.1
Liqiang Zhang,Ningmin Zhu,Yuxiang Liu,Honglei Shi,Yiya Wang,Ruiqi Liu,Riyi Lin
A two-stage co-pyrolysis approach was developed for the efficient utilization of marine waste plastics and biomass, with a focus on the influence of biomass components. HZSM-5 was modified with Cu via wet impregnation and applied in the catalytic co-pyrolysis of Enteromorpha and polypropylene under varying catalyst-to-feedstock ratios. The Cu/HZSM-5 catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), N 2 adsorption, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that Cu modification preserved the HZSM-5 framework while increasing pore size, enhancing catalytic cracking efficiency. Thermogravimetric and kinetic analyses revealed that Cu/HZSM-5 lowered the pyrolysis temperature, reduced residues, improved synergy, and decreased activation energy without altering the reaction mechanism. The catalyst significantly reduced oxygenated compounds and enhanced the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons in the oil products, reaching a maximum aromatic content of 90.20 % at a 6:5 catalyst-to-feedstock ratio in the second stage. Under the same conditions, hydrogen production in the gas phase also peaked at 47.91 %. Increased catalyst dosage decreased carbon and hydrogen content in the char while raising oxygen and nitrogen levels, with a higher H/C ratio mitigating char aromatization and densification. A reaction mechanism for Enteromorpha and polypropylene over Cu/HZSM-5 was proposed. This study provides insights into the catalytic co-pyrolysis of marine waste plastics and biomass with complex compositions.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
·
2019
·
IF 4.507
Qingfeng Che,Minjiao Yang,Xianhua Wang,Xu Chen,Wei Chen,Qing Yang,Haiping Yang,Hanping Chen
Dual catalysts are proposed in this study to convert biomass pyrolysis vapors into aromatics. Metal oxides (CaO, Al 2 O 3 , and ZnO) and ZSM-5 were introduced into the catalytic upgrading process. In the pyrolysis process without ZSM-5, the addition of CaO effectively removed carboxylic organics and methoxyphenols, reducing the product yield with a hydrogen to carbon ratio of 0, and the size of phenol compounds. The addition of Al 2 O 3 greatly promoted the cracking of oxygenates with molecular weight above 109 g mol −1 , such as large-size methoxyphenols and sugars. It is found that the upgraded pyrolysis volatiles are more conducive to conversion for aromatics with a ZSM-5 catalyst. The addition of CaO increased the selectivity of xylene (15.9%), while Al 2 O 3 promoted the selectivity of toluene (18.3%). The highest yield of aromatics was obtained with CaO-ZSM-5 dual catalyst system, which was boosted by 6.14% compared to that of pure ZSM-5. To explore more effective methods for aromatics production, the arrangement of catalysts and temperature condition were investigated. Mixing CaO with biomass produced more aromatics than other methods, and the most suitable temperature for the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons was 600 °C.
研究领域:
能源科学
·
催化化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）