JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 5.7
Xueyi Cai,Ziqiang Lin,Qihong Zheng,Mengzhen Liao,Hongfu Li,Hanxiao Feng,Huan Chen,Yang Zhang,Xiao Chen,Dong Liang
The unripe fruit of the plant Momordica charantia L., commonly known as bitter gourd or bitter melon, is a popular vegetable and medical herb in many parts of the world and is characterized by its strong bitter taste. In our endeavor to decode its bitter taste, the dichloromethane fraction of 75% methanol extract of bitter gourd was found to be intensely bitter. Combining sensory analysis-guided fractionation and newly developed comparative high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis-guided purification led to the isolation of five known compounds including momordicoside L (1), (23E)-3β-O-malonyl-7β,25-dihydroxycucurbita-5,23-dien-19-al (2), 3-O-β-d-allopyranosyl-7β,25-dihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al (3), momordicine IV (5), and charantoside B (6) and three new compounds 3-O-β-d-3-ketoglucopyranosly-7β,25-dihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al (4), 6′-O-malonylmomordicoside L (7), and 6′-O-malonylmomordicine IV (8) from bitter gourd. Sensory analysis revealed compounds 3–8 had strong bitter taste with their bitter taste recognition thresholds in the range between 3.6 (4) and 13.6 ppm (6) in 3% ethanol. UPLC-MS/MS quantification showed that their concentration in bitter gourd ranged from 16.5 ± 1.3 mg/kg (4) to 214.8 ± 14.0 mg/kg (6) on a dry weight basis. Calculation of the dose-over-threshold (DoT) factor showed that momordicine IV (5) and charantoside B (6) should be considered as bitter principles of bitter gourd. In addition, the study also demonstrated the ubiquity of the isomerization reaction in the side chain of cucurbitane-type triterpenoids. Many isolated compounds were the isomerized products of their natural precursors, and these precursors should be the primary bitterness contributors of fresh fruits. In addition, comparative HPLC analysis-guided purification could be a practical approach for the fast isolation of acid-labile precursors.
研究领域:
植物化学
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食品科学
·
药用植物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Food Bioscience
·
2025
·
IF 5.9
Xueyi Cai,Hongfu Li,Mengzhen Liao,Qihong Zheng,Huan Chen,Yang Zhang,Xiao Chen,Dong Liang
Bitter gourd (fruit of Momordica charantia L.) is a popular vegetable and medical herb known for its intense bitter taste. However, its major bitter-tasting compounds have not been fully characterized. This study aimed to decode its bitterness by application of the sensomics approach. Combining solvent extraction, sensory analysis-guided fractionation and purification with medium-pressure liquid chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography, nine bitter-tasting cucurbitane-type triterpenoids were isolated from bitter gourd. The structures of isolated compounds were determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The bitter taste recognition thresholds of isolated compounds were in the range from 1.4 mg/L ((23 E )-3 β - O -malonyl-7 β ,25-dihydroxycucurbita-5,23-dien-19-al, 9 ) to 19.1 mg/L (yeojooside C, 5 ) in 3% ethanol as determined by trained human assessors. Quantification with UPLC-MS/MS demonstrated their natural concentrations in bitter gourd fruits were in the range between 14.2 ± 0.9 mg/kg (yeojooside C, 5 ) and 245.6 ± 22.1 mg/kg (3- O -malonylmomordicine I, 10 ) on a dry weight basis. Calculation of the dose-over-threshold (DoT) factors showed three compounds, namely 3- O -malonylmomordicine I ( 10 ), momordicine I ( 3 ), and (23 E )-3 β - O -malonyl-7 β ,25-dihydroxycucurbita-5,23-dien-19-al ( 9 ) were the bitter principles in bitter gourd fruits. On the other hand, momordicoside K ( 2 ), which had been known as a bitter principle of bitter gourd for more than forty years, had been proven to be an extraction and isolation artifact rather than a natural component of the plant. Besides, an acid-catalyzed isomerization reaction in the side chain of cucurbitane was discovered, which might explain the formation mechanism of many cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from bitter gourd.
研究领域:
植物化学
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食品科学
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药用植物学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
·
2021
·
IF 6.498
Yongli Liu,Xiaoyan Su,Letian Chen,Huanjia Liu,Chunyuan Zhang,Jiali Liu,Jiayi Hao,Yu Shangguan,Guifen Zhu
p -Aminoazobenzene ( p AAB) is a hazardous azo dye that causes considerable harm to human health and the environment. The development of novel and sensitive sensors for the rapid detection of p AAB is in high demand. In this study, a simple fluorescent sensor for p AAB detection is designed based on carbon dots (CDs) which are prepared using green carbon source of Momordica charantia L. via a facile hydrothermal approach. The fluorescence spectra of CDs exhibit considerable overlap with the absorption band of p AAB, and the fluorescence is specifically suppressed in the presence of p AAB ascribed to the inner filter effect. Good and wide linearity is observed in the p AAB concentration range of 0.01–12.5 μg mL −1 with a lower detection limit of 3.9 ng mL −1 . The established method achieves good results with a rapid analysis of p AAB in different practical water and soil samples. The as-constructed fluorescent sensor provides a simple, rapid, economical and eco-friendly platform and possesses prospective applications for the effective, selective and sensitive detection of p AAB in the environmental field.
研究领域:
环境科学
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分析化学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Xueyi Cai,Ziqiang Lin,Lang Liu,Wangwang Yan,Zi Wang,Yang Zhang,Xiao Chen,Dong Liang
Momordica charantia L., commonly known as bitter gourd, is a popular vegetable and medical herb in many countries. The most characteristic phytochemical profile of bitter gourd is its high content of cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, which are responsible for its bitter taste and therapeutic potential. More than 260 cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, including at least 11 5,19-hemiacetals, 40 5,19-methyl acetals, 46 methyl ethers, 6 5,19-ethyl acetals, and 7 ethyl ethers, have been identified from bitter gourd. In this work, by studying the chemical transformation of momordicine I, one of the most abundant cucurbitane-type triterpenoids in bitter gourd, we showed that under acidic conditions, 5,19-hemiacetals of cucurbitane-type triterpenoids could be formed from the intramolecular nucleophilic addition between the C-19 aldehyde and the C-7 hydroxyl group; furthermore, 5,19-acetals and methyl ethers could be generated if methanol was available. Using a UPLC-MS/MS quantification method, we showed that these momordicine I derivatives could not be detected from bitter gourd fruits when extracted with a nonmethanolic solution but could be detected when extracted with methanol after thermal treatment. Moreover, these momordicine I derivatives were detected in two of eight brands of bitter gourd dietary supplements. This might be concerning because these derivatives were not the natural components of bitter gourd, and their safety and efficacy profiles were unknown. Besides, the transformation reactions reported herein should apply widely to other cucurbitane-type triterpenoids as well. Therefore, we believe all 40 5,19-acetals, 46 methyl ethers, 6 5,19-ethyl acetals, and 7 ethyl ethers were the extraction and isolation artifacts and should not be regarded as the natural components of bitter gourd. This work will help to clarify the current misunderstanding of the real cucurbitane-type triterpenoid profile of bitter gourd.
研究领域:
植物化学
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食品科学
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药物化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2020
·Vol. 44
·期 29
·12779-12784
·
IF 3.288
Lili Kong,Meizhen Huang,Jie Chen,Mengshi Lin
This study developed a simple, efficient and environmentally friendly fabrication method for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) wipers for the rapid detection of individual and mixed pesticide residues in real samples. Non-toxic NaCl was used to overcome the electrostatic repulsion between cotton swabs and AgNPs in the decorating process. Cotton swabs containing NaCl molecules were immersed in a silver colloid to synthesize a silver-decorated cotton swab (SERS wiper). The fabrication conditions were optimized to improve the performance of the SERS wiper. Under optimal conditions, AgNPs were evenly and densely distributed on cotton swabs within 10 min of the synthesis process. Raman reporter molecules (Rhodamine 6G) were tested and good results were obtained: sensitivity was 2 × 10−9 M, RSDs were within 7.5%, showing good reproducibility and uniformity, and the storage life reached 32 days. Thiabendazole (TBZ), thiram, and their mixture in bitter gourds were successfully detected using the “wipe sampling-detection” method coupled with the SERS wipers. The detection limits of TBZ and thiram were 1 ng cm−2. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and leave-one-out cross-validation methods were employed for quantitative analysis. The linear correlation coefficients of the predicted results and reference concentrations of individual and mixed pesticide residues in bitter gourds were all above 0.99, and the RMSEs were within 7 ng cm−2. These results indicate that the SERS wipers combined with MLR models could accurately and quantitatively detect individual and mixed pesticide residues in real samples.
研究领域:
分析化学
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
·
IF 8.5
Yanhui Zhang,Fangmin Chen,Jin Feng,Fang Wang,Ling Xiong,Luanfeng Wang,Xinchun Shen,Haizhao Song
Polysaccharides, particularly those with prebiotic functions, have profound effects on human health. This study aimed to elucidate the stability and prebiotic potential of a polysaccharide derived from Momordica charantia L. (MCPS-3) through a comprehensive analysis of its behavior during simulated digestion and fermentation. Our findings indicated that MCPS-3 maintained its structural integrity during oral, gastric, and intestinal digestion. This was evidenced by the consistent reducing sugar content, molecular weight, and monosaccharide composition. This stability confirmed that the glycosidic bonds of MCPS-3 remained intact throughout digestion. Then, MCPS-3 underwent fermentation by gut microbiota, resulting in significant production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and a notable change in microbiota composition. Specifically, the fermentation of MCPS-3 leads to an increase in beneficial SCFAs-producing genera, while decreasing the presence of harmful bacteria. These changes suggested an improved gut environment, which is conducive to health benefits. The study further demonstrated that the fermentation products of MCPS-3 possessed substantial anti-inflammatory properties. This was indicated by the reduction of pro-inflammatory mediators and the enhancement of anti-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. These results underscored MCPS-3's promise as a prebiotic candidate with potential applications in gut health promotion and inflammation modulation.
研究领域:
食品科学
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微生物学
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营养学
·
免疫学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2023
·
IF 8.2
Ruyu Li,Yu Zhao,Tingting Zhang,Zejin Ju,Xianbing Ji,Yanshuai Cui,Longgang Wang,Haiyan Xiao
The development of nanozymes using noble metal nanoparticles to replace natural peroxidase in bio-related detection has been gain great interest. Noble metal nanoparticles with small size have large specific surface area. However, small noble metal nanoparticles tend to aggregate without stabilizer. In this paper, small Pd nanoparticles (3–6 nm) stabilized by bitter gourd polysaccharide (Pd n -BGP NPs) were prepared by using bitter gourd polysaccharide as reducing agent and stabilizing agent. Pd 25 -BGP NPs had peroxidase-like catalytic property. And the catalytic kinetics of Pd 25 -BGP NPs towards substrates conformed to the Michaelis-Menten equation. Furthermore, a method was established to detect H 2 O 2 using Pd 25 -BGP NPs. The linear range and detection limit of this method was 20–320 μM and 2.04 μM, respectively. Finally, Pd 25 -BGP NPs had good biocompatibility when the concentration was less than 80 μg/mL. The prepared Pd nanoparticles with high stability showed their good prospect in H 2 O 2 detection.
研究领域:
纳米技术
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生物化学
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分析化学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PHARMAZIE
·
2022
·
IF 1.515
Zhou Huiping,Peng Yuxuan,Liu Hongyun,Li Xiaohui,Mei Wenqiu,Li Hao,Xu Kangyan,Hu Meichun,She Tonghui
As a common vegetable, Momordica charantia (M. charantia), also known as bitter melon, has the pharmacological activity of reducing blood sugar and body fat. This experiment explored the effect of M. charantia on the mice liver by adding freeze-dried M. charantia
to the feed intake of high-fat diet mice. Among the three groups of normal diet mice (Control), high-fat diet mice fed with lyophilized bitter melon powder (BM) and single high-fat diet mice (HFD), it was seen that the body weight of BM mice did not change apparently (p>0.05), while the
body weight of HFD mice increased significantly (p<0.01). Serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of HFD mice was significantly higher than those of Control and BM mice (p<0.01). The results of
RT-PCR and Western blot showed that the transcription and protein expression levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylases alpha (ACACA) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) genes in HFD mice were significantly increased (p<0.01), while BM administration could reduce the transcription and expression of these
two genes (p<0.01). It is concluded that M. charantia powder alleviates the lipid metabolism disorder of liver in HFD mice via downregulating ACACA and FASN both in the transcription and protein expression levels, and thus exhibits protective effects for the liver.
研究领域:
营养学
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药理学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Functional Foods
·
2023
·
IF 5.6
Chao Nie,Yunyi Zhao,Pengjie Wang,Ran Wang,Yixuan Li,Xifan Wang,Bing Fang,Xiaoyu Wang,Jing Zhan,Longjiao Zhu,Chong Chen,Weibo Zhang,Haiping Liao,Rong Liu
Momordica Charantia Polysaccharide (MCP), the main active ingredient of M. charantia, exhibits multiple pharmacological properties. However, its effects and mechanisms against ulcerative colitis (UC) remain unclear. In this study, we employed a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis model to investigate the therapeutic potential of MCP. Our results revealed that prophylactic MCP dramatically attenuated the pathological symptoms associated with colitis in mice, including body weight loss, reduction in colon length, and tissue damage. Moreover, we found prophylactic MCP reduced DSS-induced intestinal permeability and enhanced intestinal barrier integrity. Notably, we observe that prophylactic MCP restored the diversity and richness of the gut microbiota, thereby ameliorating gut microbiota dysbiosis in DSS-induced mice models. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments demonstrated that the microbiota derived from MCP-dosed mice remarkably alleviated colitis symptoms. Collectively, our study provided valuable insights into the potential of MCP as a promising prebiotic agent for maintaining intestinal health, and demonstrated that MCP ameliorated colitis in a gut microbiota-dependent manner.
研究领域:
药理学
·
胃肠病学
·
微生物学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2022
·Vol. 46
·期 12
·e14456
·
IF 3.654
Jinfu Zhang,Linzhao He,Anlin Wang,Beiqi Wu,Peixi Zhang,Ying Zhu,Ya Jiang,Juan Bai,Xiang Xiao
Saponins from bitter melon (BMS) exert potential bioactivities and pharmacological activities, including anti-oxidation and lifespan extension. However, the exact mechanisms of BMS in response to oxidative stress remain unknown. Results demonstrated that bitter melon saponins could strengthen locomotive activities (body bend and head thrashing) accompanied by delaying the muscle fiber damage with age in Caenorhabditis elegans . In addition, BMS inhibited the ROS accumulation, improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes like SOD (by 57.90% and 94.34% for 100 μg/ml and 200 μg/ml BMS, respectively) and CAT (by 51.45% and 56.91% for 100 μg/ml and 200 μg/ml BMS, respectively), and extend the lifespan of N2 and CL2006 worms under paraquat-induced oxidative stress. Mechanism study suggested that BMS modulated the mRNA expressions of oxidation-related regulators, like the upregulation of cat-1 , hsf-1 , sir-2.1, and hlh-30. Furthermore, gene-deficient mutants verified that IIS (insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling) pathway linked with sir-2.1 and hlh-30 factors were involved in the BMS's lifespan-extension effects under oxidative stress. In general, this study supplemented the explanation of BMS in promoting oxidation-resistance and lifespan-extension activities, which could be served as a potential candidate for anti-aging. Practical applications Our previous studies have suggested that saponins from bitter melon exhibited fat-lowering activity in C. elegans . However, little was known about the mechanism underlying the anti-oxidation effects of BMS in C. elegans. Current results indicated that the IIS pathway linked with sir-2.1 and hlh-30 transcriptional factors jointly to increase the lifespan in BMS' responses to oxidative stress. Our findings are beneficial to understand the main nutritional ingredients in bitter melon, which are ideal and expected in functional foods for aging.
研究领域:
药理学
·
衰老研究
·
分子生物学
·
遗传学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BIOPOLYMERS
·
2013
·Vol. 101
·期 3
·210-215
·
IF 2.879
Xin Liu,Tong Chen,Yan Hu,Kexin Li,Liushui Yan
Sulfated derivatives of polysaccharide from Momordica charantia L. (MCPS) with different degree of sulfation (DS) were synthesized by chlorosulfonic acid method with ionic liquids as solvent. Fourier transform infrared spectra and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicated that C-6 substitution was predominant in MCPS compared with the C-2 position. Compared with the native polysaccharide from Momordica charantia L. (MCP), MCPS exhibited more excellent antioxidant activities in vitro, which indicated that sulfated modification could enhance antioxidant activities of MCP. Furthermore, high DS and moderate molecular weight could improve the antioxidant activities of polysaccharide. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 210–215, 2014.
研究领域:
生物大分子化学
·
药学
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Yanhui Zhang,Haizhao Song,Jing Lu,Fang Wang,Luanfeng Wang,Ling Xiong,Xinchun Shen
Polysaccharides from Momordica charantia L. (MCP) have attracted interest for their diverse biological activities. This study investigated the ultrasound-assisted extraction of MCP, optimizing conditions using response surface methodology. The optimal extraction parameters were a material-liquid ratio of 1:4 (g/mL), a temperature of 74 °C, an extraction time of 2.4 h, and an ultrasonic power of 296 W, resulting in a total carbohydrate content of 40.22 ± 1.69 %, closely matching theoretical predictions. Following extraction, MCP was purified using DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow anion exchange and Sephadex G-100 dextran gel chromatography, isolating a pure polysaccharide fraction, MCPS-3. Structural analysis revealed that MCPS-3, with a molecular mass of 93.796 kDa, consisted of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose in molar ratios of 10.66:3.66:258.0:1.0:51.0:9.338. Methylation and NMR analyses suggested that MCPS-3 was a complex polysaccharide, predominantly homogalacturonan domains with rhamnogalacturonan I side chains. In functional assays, MCPS-3 demonstrated inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. Additionally, in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, MCPS-3 improved glucose consumption, increased glycogen content, and enhanced the activities of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase. These findings provided insights into the structural properties of MCPS-3 and underscored its potential as a natural compound with significant hypoglycemic activity.
研究领域:
生物化学
·
药理学
·
食品科学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）