International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
·
2018
·Vol. 15
·期 9
·1907
·
IF 2.145
Wen-Qian Wang,Hai-Xin Duan,Zhou-Tao Pei,Rou-Rou Xu,Ze-Tian Qin,Guang-Can Zhu,Li-Wei Sun
Ultraviolet absorbing chemicals (UV filters) are widely used in personal care products for protecting human skin and hair from damage by UV radiation. Although these substances are released into the environment during production and consumption processes, little is known about their genotoxicity effects. Our previous studies have shown that benzophenone-type UV filters exhibited acute toxicity on three species of aquatic organisms. Mutagenesis by benzophenone (BP) and benzophenone-1(BP-1) was tested in the present study by theSalmonella typhimurium/reverse mutation assay (Ames assay). All the positive reverse mutations occurred in the absence of the S9 liver extract system for both chemicals. From BP, positive mutation effects on the TA102 strain at doses of 0.05 μg/plate and 0.5 μg/plate were detected. From BP-1, positive mutation effects on the TA97 strain at doses of 0.05 μg/plate and 0.5 μg/plate, and on the TA100 strain at a dose of 0.5 μg/plate, were detected. A mixture of BP and BP-1 exhibited mutagenicity on the TA97 and TA100 strains. For the TA97 strain, the positive mutation results were detected at 10% and 50% of the mixture. For the TA100 strain, the results were detected when the mixture was at 5% and 10%. In the mixture at 5%, the concentrations of BP and BP-1 were 3.5 μg/plate and 14 μg/plate, respectively. In the 10% mixture, the doses of BP and BP-1 were 7 μg/plate and 28 μg/plate, respectively. In the 50% mixture, the doses of BP and BP-1 were 35 μg/plate and 140 μg/plate, respectively. The mixture test results suggested that there was antagonism in mutagenicity between BP and BP-1.
研究领域:
毒理学
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环境科学
·
遗传学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
PLoS One
·
2021
·Vol. 16
·期 4
·e0249915
·
IF 3.24
Jing Han,Ze-Tian Qin,Jing Zhang,Wen-Qiang Wang,Jing-Ya Wu,Yong-Ze Lu,Li-Wei Sun
Ultraviolet (UV) filters are used in cosmetics, personal care products and packaging materials to provide sun protection for human skin and other substances. Little is known about these substances, but they continue to be released into the environment. The acute toxicity of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC to Chlorella vulgaris and Daphnia magna were analyzed in this study. The 96 h-EC 50 values of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC on C . vulgaris were 183.60, 3.50 and 0.16874 mg/L, respectively. The 48 h-LC 50 of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC on D . magna were 12.50, 3.74 and 0.54445 mg/L, respectively. The toxicity of a mixture of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC showed addictive effect on C . vulgaris , while the toxicity of mixtures of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone and 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC as well as 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC all showed antagonistic effect on C . vulgaris . The induced no-effect concentrations of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC by the assessment factor (AF) method were 0.0125, 0.00350 and 0.000169 mg/L, respectively.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 4.1
Yonghua Wang,Yujia Shang,Xiaodan Liu,Xi Chen,Guanhua Xu,Guanghua Lu
Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is a commonly used ultraviolet absorber that has the potential to accumulate in organisms, leading to toxicity. Benzophenone-8 (BP-8) is one of the major metabolites of BP-3. In this study, zebrafish were exposed to different concentrations of BP-3 and BP-8 (1 μg/L, 30 μg/L, and 300 μg/L) to investigate their accumulation and toxic effects in various tissues, including zebrafish brain, gut, and liver. The analysis focused on neurotoxicity, oxidative damage, inflammation, and gene expressions. The results showed that both BP-3 and BP-8 accumulated in the tissues, with the highest concentration observed in the gut, followed by the liver and brain. BP-8 exhibited a stronger ability to accumulate. In the brain, exposure to 1 μg/L of BP-3 and BP-8 promoted cortisol production, while higher exposures (30 μg/L and 300 μg/L) inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity and suppressed cortisol production. In the gut, both BP-3 and BP-8 exposures disrupted oxidative stress, inflammatory immunity, and apoptosis functions. In the liver, BP-3 and BP-8 affected hepatic metabolism, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory immunity. Comparing gene expression in the brain, gut, and liver, it was found that BP-3 and BP-8 had a lower effect on gene expression in the brain, while the effect on the gut and liver was significantly higher. BP-8 generally had a higher effect than BP-3, which aligns with the observed accumulation pattern. These findings provide valuable insights for the risk assessment of BP-3 and BP-8 in the aquatic environment.
研究领域:
环境毒理学
·
水生毒理学
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分子生物学
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生物化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
·
2018
·
IF 2.196
Jinbo Ouyang,Bing Na,Guoxuan Xiong,Li Xu,Tianxiang Jin
The solubility of benzophenone in various pure solvents, including water, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol, methanol, 1-butanol, isobutanol, 1-octanol, acetonitrile, acetone, ethyl acetate, and methyl acetate, has been measured at temperatures between 278.15 and 318.15 K by a gravimetric method under atmospheric pressure. The solubility obtained in the selected pure solvents increases with the increasing temperature. Several thermodynamic models, including the modified Apelblat model, NRTL model, and Wilson model, were applied to correlate the measured solubility. It was found that the correlated results of the three models were in good agreement with the experimental results. In addition, the dissolution thermodynamic properties of benzophenone in the pure solvents were determined.
研究领域:
物理化学
·
热力学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2021
·
IF 7.963
Mengting Zou,Yumeng Qi,Ruijuan Qu,Gadah Al-Basher,Xiaoxue Pan,Zunyao Wang,Zongli Huo,Feng Zhu
2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1), a typically known derivative of the benzophenone-type UV filter, has been frequently detected in aqueous environments and poses a potential risk to human health and the entire ecosystem. In this study, an effective advanced oxidation technique using zero-valent iron powder (Fe 0 )-activated persulfate (PS) was used for the degradation of BP-1. The effects of several experimental parameters, including Fe 0 dosages, PS dosages, pH, and common natural water constituents, were systematically investigated. The BP-1 degradation efficiency was enhanced by increasing the Fe 0 and PS dosages and decreasing the solution pH. The presence of different concentrations of humic acid (HA) could inhibit BP-1 removal, while the addition of various cations and anions had different effects on the degradation. Moreover, the degradation of BP-1 in five water matrices was also compared, and the removal rates followed the order of ultrapure water > tap water > secondary clarifier effluent > river water > synthetic water. Thirteen oxidation products were identified by liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) analysis, and five possible degradation pathways were proposed. The addition reactions initiated by HO and SO 4 − , as well as single-electron coupling reactions and ring-closing reactions, were further supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Assessment of toxicity of intermediates of the oxidation of BP-1 suggested decreased toxicity from the parent contaminant. The present work illustrates that BP-1 could be efficiently degraded in the Fe 0 /PS system, which may provide new insights into the removal of benzophenones in water and wastewater.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2017
·
IF 6.216
Xiaoxue Pan,Liqing Yan,Chenguang Li,Ruijuan Qu,Zunyao Wang
The occurrence of benzophenone-3 (BP-3) in aquatic environments constitutes a potential risk to the environment and human health due to its phytotoxicity, carcinogenicity and endocrine disrupting effects. In this work, cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 ) prepared by chemical co-precipitation method was used as a catalyst for the degradation of BP-3. The catalyst was characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, BET and FT-IR spectroscopy, and its catalytic activity on BP-3 removal by persulfate (PS) was then evaluated at different operating parameters (catalyst loading, reaction temperature, solution pH and PS dose). The removal of BP-3 (1.31 μM) in 6 h reached 91% under the condition of [BP-3] 0 : [PS] 0 = 1: 1000, initial pH = 7.0, T = 25 °C and catalyst load = 500 mg L −1 . In addition to the satisfactory catalytic performance, the CoFe 2 O 4 also showed high stability and excellent recyclability. Electron paramagnetic resonance and radical quenching tests showed that sulfate radicals predominated in the decomposition of BP-3 by PS/CoFe 2 O 4 , while hydroxyl radicals also contributed to the catalytic oxidation process. Fifteen degradation products were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and two reaction pathways involving hydroxylation, demethylation, direct oxidation and benzene ring opening were proposed. This study could provide useful information for the potential application of CoFe 2 O 4 activated PS technology to treat water and wastewaters containing BP-3.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学工程
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
·
2021
·
IF 2.694
Tiantian Tao,Yumin Liu,Jiayin Zhang,Yu Zhou,Yanbo Liu,Zhenguo Gao
Experimental solubility data of dibenzoylmethane (DBM) in three pure solvents (ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, methylbenzene) and three binary solvents (methanol + water, ethanol + water, and isopropyl alcohol + water) were measured by the gravimetric method from 278.15 to 318.15 K under atmospheric pressure. The experimental results showed that the solubility of DBM increased with the increase of temperature. Moreover, the solubility of DBM was temperature-dependent when the type and composition of solvents remained unchanged. The solubility of DBM decreased with the increase of solvent polarity because the molecular structure of DBM was not conducive to the formation of hydrogen bonds between solute and solvent molecules. The solubilities of DBM were correlated by the modified Apelblat equation, the van’t Hoff equation, the λh equation, and the NRTL equation. The modified Apelblat model produced the best fitting results among these models.
研究领域:
物理化学
·
热力学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 2.4
Qin Jisong,Cheng Zhengzai,Djouonkep Lesly Dasilva Wandji,Gauthier Mario
To meet polymeric material sustainability requirements of the modern polymer industry, a novel diphenyl-based monomer, dimethyl 2,2’-((carbonylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(oxy))diacetate (DPBD), was prepared from 4,4'-dixydroxybenzophenone, derived from potentially bio-sourced 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. The diester monomer DPBD was polymerized with either 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, or 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol as aliphatic diols to afford aliphatic/aromatic copolyesters (P 1 –P 4 ). The copolyesters were characterized using gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, and tensile testing, as well as biodegradation and earthworm acute toxicity assays. The effects of diol carbon chain length and cyclic diol monomers on polyester properties were investigated. From the results, the weight-average molecular weight (M w ) of the polyesters ranged from 37.5 to 45.5 kg/mol, glass transition temperature (T g ) ranged from 65 to 78 °C, initial thermal decomposition temperature (T d,5% ) varied from 324 to 353 °C, yield strength varied from 45 to 56 MPa, and elongation-at-break ranged from 215 to 290%. The properties can be adjusted by tuning the monomer structure, which induced a degradation rate of up to 4.6% after incubation in soil for 30 weeks, in contrast to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) which showed no degradation under the same conditions. The ecotoxicity of the polyesters to earthworms remained low, even at high concentration polymer concentration tested (4000 mg/kg soil), the survival rate was above 82%. Therefore, polyesters offer a good combination of structure-to-property serving as potential alternatives to petroleum-based materials. Graphical abstract
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2012
·
IF 2.905
Bin Hu,Yujian Zhang,Xiaojing Lv,Mi Ouyang,Zhiyan Fu,Cheng Zhang
Two new electrochromic materials consisting of carbazole and phenyl-methanone units, 4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-phenyl-methanone (CPM) and 4-(3,6-di(thiophen-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-phenyl-methanone (TCPM), were synthesized and characterized. Both the compounds show well-defined oxidation and reduction processes. Spectroelectrochemical analysis reveals that their polymers display reasonable optical contrast (25%, 41%) and fast switching time (3 s, 2 s). Cyclic voltammogram study confirms that the polymer with the existence of thiophene units is more stable in electrochemical environment.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
·
2017
·
IF 4.208
Xiaoxue Pan,Liqing Yan,Ruijuan Qu,Zunyao Wang
The goals of this study were to bring forward new data and insights into the effect of activation methods, operational variables and reaction pathways during sulfate radicals-based oxidation of benzophenone-3 (BP-3) in aqueous solution. Heat, transition metal ions (Fe 2+ , Cu 2+ , Co 2+ ), UV and visible light irradiation were used to activate persulfate (PS) to degrade BP-3. The results showed that these three activation methods can remarkably enhance BP-3 removal efficiency. Under the conditions of [BP-3] 0 : [PS] 0 = 1: 500, pH = 7.0, and 40 °C, complete removal of BP-3 (1.31 μM) was observed in 3 h. In the pH range of 3.0–9.0, the degradation of BP-3 decreased with increasing pH. Increasing the PS dosage accelerated the reaction, while the presence of humic acid (HA) significantly inhibited the efficiency of BP-3 removal. Based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and radical quenching studies, sulfate and hydroxyl radicals contributed to the oxidation process. According to the evolution of BP-3 and its 7 by-products, as well as frontier electron densities (FED) calculation, two routes were proposed involving hydroxylation, demethylation and direct oxidation. On the whole, this work is a unique contribution to the systematic elucidation of BP-3 removal by PS.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
·
2015
·Vol. 28
·期 6
·428-430
·
IF 1.38
Qiuxia Wu,Xuming Zheng,Kemei Pei
Phototransformation mechanism of monuron induced by the triplet benzophenone in aqueous solution was investigated by laser flash photolysis technique, while quenching of the triplet benzophenone by monuron was studied by nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The transient species in the transient absorption spectra have been identified by quantum chemistry calculations. The results show that under 355-nm irradiation proton transfer between the triplet benzophenone and monuron happens, and monuron radical is formed and followed by dechlorination degradation reactions. This work indicated that in aqueous solution some dissolved natural organic matters are helpful to degradation of the organic pollutants under the sunlight. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
光化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2018
·
IF 6.735
Junhe Lu,Peizeng Yang,Wei Dong,Yuefei Ji,Qingguo Huang
Benzophenone-4 (BP4) is UV-filter that is widely in sunscreens and cosmetics to prevent skin damage from sunlight exposure. Washing off of BP4 from the human body in swimming pools represents a direct source of BP4 in the environment. In this study, we investigated the transformation of BP4 by free chlorine, chloramine, and UV/chlorine, which can be found in swimming pool water. It was found that BP4 can be rapidly removed by both chlorine and chloramine treatment, but only chlorination led to appreciable formation of chlorinated disinfection by-products (DBPs), such as dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid . However, chloramination of BP4 resulted in higher levels of chlorinated intermediates, which were relatively recalcitrant to further chlorination. The UV/chlorine process was significantly more efficient than the chlorine treatment alone for BP4 removal and resulted in trace chlorinated intermediates and formation of DBPs. Radical scavenger tests revealed that the removal of BP4 in the UV/chlorine process was mostly ascribed to reactions with the Cl and OH generated from HClO photolysis. The presence of methanol as a radical scavenger resulted in incomplete removal of BP4 in the UV/chlorine process and enhanced the formation of DBPs. The increase in DBP formation was because the residual BP4 can be exited to a triplet state ( 3 BP4 ∗ ) upon UV irradiation. 3 BP4 ∗ subsequently reacted with O 2 to form 1 O 2 , a reactive oxygen species that generated DBPs by reacting with chlorinated intermediates in water. All benzophenone-type UV-filters may have similar photochemical activity and thus influence the transformation of other organics in sunlit surface water environments.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
水处理工程
·
光化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）