The sex pheromone of Phyllonorycter ringoniella (Matsumura) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) has been identified to be a blend of ( Z )-10-tetradecenyl acetate ( Z 10-14:OAc) and E 4, Z 10-tetradecadienyl acetate ( E 4, Z 10-14:OAc) in Japan, Korea, and China. However, the commercial product based on previous results is not attractive enough to be used for monitoring and controlling apple leafminer populations in the field. We re-investigated the attractiveness of the two pheromone components, singly and in blends, in apple orchards in Shangdong and Shaanxi, the main apple-growing provinces in China. Our results revealed that Z 10-14:OAc alone was not attractive to P . ringoniella male moths in the field, but E 4, Z 10-14:OAc alone not only was strongly attractive but caught more males than any of the blends of Z 10-14:OAc and E 4, Z 10-14:OAc tested. The most attractive blend ratios differed slightly for the two locations. No clear dose–response relationship was obtained for the 2:8 blend of Z 10-14:OAc and E 4, Z 10-14:OAc. However, the dose–response field study of E 4, Z 10-14:OAc alone showed that 1 mg per lure achieved the highest moth catch. These findings differ from the previous report of the best pheromone blend in China. Our data showed that E 4, Z 10-14:OAc is the major component of the pheromone of P . ringoniella .
Xinjian Dai,Hao Guan,Xin Wang,Mingyue Wu,Pan Jiang,Yubo Chai,Xiaoqing Wang
Solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology provides a facile and promising strategy for producing clean water from seawater. Wood-based evaporators have recently been extensively explored for solar desalination due to the structural merits and sustainability of natural wood. However, the light absorption and water evaporation functions are commonly integrated at the same surface for a traditional wood-based solar evaporator, which definitely causes mutual interference between the incident sunlight and the generated vapor leading to inevitable energy loss. Herein, inspired by the unidirectional transpiration of hypostomatic apple leaves, a bilayered Janus wood evaporator with decoupled light absorption and water evaporation surfaces was subtly engineered to avoid the sunlight-vapor interference for efficient solar evaporation. The bilayered evaporator consists of a longitudinal wood piece as the water transport layer and a carbonized transverse wood piece infiltrated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the photothermal layer. The hydrophilic longitudinal piece with vertically aligned channels can continuously wick water to the evaporation surface, while the hydrophobic transverse piece with horizontal channels enables efficient heat transfer given its high thermal conductivity. Thanks to the unique bilayered configuration, the developed evaporator demonstrates an excellent evaporation rate of 2.12 kg m −2 h −1 with an evaporation efficiency of 92.3 % (1 sun), surpassing most of the traditional wood-based evaporators. Moreover, the bilayered evaporator exhibits good salt resistance and can effectively purify diverse wastewaters including organic dye solutions and oil–water emulsions. This Janus-interface structural design provides a novel strategy for developing high-performance solar evaporator toward clean water production.
Haitao Ren,Fan Qi,Abdelkader Labidi,Ahmed A. Allam,Jamaan S. Ajarem,Detlef W. Bahnemann,Chuanyi Wang
In the context of the circular economy, the high quantity of agroforestry waste should be transformed into sustainable and high-value materials to abate pollution, CO2 emissions, and expensive waste disposal. Herein, the agroforestry waste of apple leaves was initially used as a precursor to extract the value-added nanomaterial carbon quantum dots (CQDs) by way of an easy hydrothermal strategy without complicated purification processes, as extracted CQDs doped with N and P possess a typical graphite-like structure, a fine particle size of 2.0 nm, and excitation-dependent photoluminescence (PL) behavior. The doping of N and P endows CQDs with a much higher quantum yield (18.1%), good water solubility, high fluorescence stability, and specific recognition ability for the detection of Fe3+. The fluorescence of CQDs could be quickly quenched by Fe3+ within 1 min and recovered with the addition of ascorbic acid, suggesting the recyclability of the prepared CQD-based fluorescent probe. Systematic analyses support that a synergistic mechanism of static fluorescence quenching and inner filter effect was involved in the detection of Fe3+ by CQDs, showing a linear range between 0 and 160 μM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.0 μM. Furthermore, the feasibility of detecting Fe3+ by CQDs in practice was verified by tap water/lake water samples. The present work evinces that apple leaves are useful in producing green and low-cost CQDs as a promising fluorescent probe for sensitive, rapid, and selective detection of Fe3+ in an aqueous environment.
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