查找使用阿拉丁产品的科研文献

Beneficial effects of cadmium on plant defense of an invasive plant

Yan Wang,Hongwei Yu,Chao Chen,Yuntao Xiong,Jie Wang,Yi Wang

Soil contamination by heavy metals is widespread as an inevitable consequence of every-increasing industrial and mining activities. In contaminated habitats, many sensitive plant species may extinct, and a few species, specifically the invasive plants with higher metal tolerance, can survive or colonize in such empty niche. The accumulation of heavy metals in plant tissues is one of the defense strategies against pathogens and herbivores. However, little is known regarding whether increased metal content is beneficial to the defense of invasive plants when competing with native plants. In this study, we explored the foliar chemistry of invasive alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides , and its native congener sessile joyweed, A. sessilis , in response to cadmium (Cd) stress, and further examined how Cd amendment affected the performance and host selection of common cutworm Spodoptera litura (generalist), and alligator weed flea beetle Agasicles hygrophila (specialist). We found that the overall defense ability of invasive A. philoxeroides was higher than its native congener, but the defense mechanisms against specialist and generalist herbivores differed under Cd stress. Agasicles hygrophila was susceptible to high Cd stress, and the Cd amendment caused the beetle to shift hosts from A. philoxeroides to A. sessilis . For S. litura , organic rather than inorganic elemental defenses reduced its fitness on invasive plant, and the larvae prefer native plant against invasive plant in most scenarios. Native plant will be more vulnerable to herbivores when competing with invasive plant, especially in metal-polluted habitats. Our study provides a richer view of invasive mechanism in natural systems and appeals for paying more attention to soil contamination in assessing the potential ecological risk of plant invasion.

Contamination and Health Risk Assessment of Multiple Mycotoxins in Edible and Medicinal Plants

Yingyue Zhang,Fengyan Kuang,Chunyao Liu,Kai Ma,Tianyu Liu,Meijuan Zhao,Guangping Lv,He Huang

Edible and medicinal plants (EMPs) are widely used but are easily infected by harmful fungi which produce mycotoxins. Herein, 127 samples from 11 provinces were collected to investigate 15 mycotoxins based on geographic, demographic, processing, and risk characteristics. A total of 13 mycotoxins were detected, and aflatoxin B1(0.56~97.00 μg/kg), deoxynivalenol (9.41~1570.35 μg/kg), fumonisin B1(8.25~1875.77 μg/kg), fumonisin B2(2.74~543.01 μg/kg), ochratoxin A (0.62~19.30 μg/kg), and zearalenone (1.64~2376.58 μg/kg) occurred more frequently. Mycotoxin levels and species were significantly different by region, types of EMPs, and method of processing. The margin of exposure (MOE) values was well below the safe MOE (10,000). AFB1exposure from Coix seed and malt consumption in China was of high health concern. The hazard Index (HI) method showed the range of 113.15~130.73% for malt, indicating a public health concern. In conclusion, EMPs should be concerned because of the cumulative effects of co-occurred mycotoxins, and safety management strategies should be developed in follow-up studies.Keywords:mycotoxins;coix seed;lilii bulbus;malt;lotus seed;risk assessmentKey Contribution:This study investigated the co-occurrence of mycotoxins in EMPs from China, and indicated a high risk of mycotoxin exposure from Coix Seed and Malt. Mycotoxin contamination in EMPs varied significantly, and it may require more explicit limits for specific EMPs.

Microscopic and HPTLC Fingerprint Analysis a Tool for Authentication and Quality Control of Nelumbo nucifera

Maharana Subhashini,Mangaonkar Kiran,Phanse Manjusha

The demand for herbal raw material has increased and there is a requirement for quality control to look at the integrity of the herbal raw materials. There is a need for an easy and fast technique to check the quality and the authenticity of these raw materials. Nelumbo nucifera seeds have been used as traditional medicine for ages for curing various diseases. Its microscopy examination of fruit showed double-layered palisade tissue, rosette scleride, and epidermal pores. The morphology of starch grains were found to be simple, oval, and elliptical to polygonal in shape, which is the unique characteristic of the plant. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and saponin. A comparative study of cold and hot extraction of seed extract was carried out with respect to the HPTLC fingerprint profile. The HPTLC fingerprint of the cold and hot extract was done using butanol: water: acetic acid (4:1:1v/v/v) it showed the presence of 9 bands (R F 0.05–0.94) on the plate. The result shows that both cold and hot extract can be used for fingerprinting. Different concentrations of cold extract (100%, 80%, 50%, 20%) was used to standardize the lowest on plate concentration which can give maximum bands with high resolution, the results shows that a lower concentration of 50% can be used for the study. Thus, microscopy and HPTLC fingerprinting data along with morphological information can be used as a quality control tool to check the authenticity of the Nelumbo nucifera which has potential therapeutic value.

The in vitro effects of retrograded starch (resistant starch type 3) from lotus seed starch on the proliferation of Bifidobacterium adolescentis

Yi Zhang,Ying Wang,Baodong Zheng,Xu Lu,Weijing Zhuang

Prebiotics such as oligosaccharides, fructans, and resistant starch (RS) stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in large bowel and modify the human gastrointestinal environment. In this study, compared with glucose (GLU) and high amylose maize starch (HAMS), the in vitro effects of LRS3 and P-LRS3 (RS3 and purified RS3 prepared from lotus seed starch) on the proliferation of bifidobacteria were assessed by assessing the changes in optical density (OD), pH values, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and tolerance ability to gastrointestinal conditions. Significantly higher OD values were obtained from media containing LRS3 and P-LRS3, and especially in the medium containing P-LRS3, the OD value of which reached 1.36 when the concentration of the carbon source was 20 g L−1. Additionally, the lag phase of bifidobacteria was 8 h in the medium with LRS3 or P-LRS3, whereas it was 16 h in the medium with GLU or HAMS. What is more, a higher content of butyric acid was obtained in the P-LRS3 medium. Compared with GLU and HAMS media, bifidobacteria had a higher tolerance to gastrointestinal conditions in LRS3 and P-LRS3 media. It shows that lotus seed resistant starch, especially P-LRS3, could stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria. The rough surface of resistant starch and the SCFAs produced during fermentation might influence the proliferation of bifidobacteria.

Lotus seed resistant starch and sodium lactate regulate small intestinal microflora and metabolite to reduce blood lipid

Lu Liu,Suzhen Lei,Xiaoli Lin,Junfu Ji,Yanbo Wang,Baodong Zheng,Yi Zhang,Hongliang Zeng

Structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of lotus seed resistant starch prepared by different methods

Shaoxiao Zeng,Xiaoting Wu,Shan Lin,Hongliang Zeng,Xu Lu,Yi Zhang,Baodong Zheng

Lotus seed resistant starch (LRS) is commonly known as resistant starch type 3 (LRS3). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different preparation methods on the structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of LRS3. The molar mass of LRS3 prepared by autoclaving method (GP-LRS3) and ultrasonic-autoclaving method (UP-LRS3) was mainly distributed in the range 1.0   ×   10 4 –2   ×   10 4   g/mol while a decrease of LRS3 prepared by microwave-moisture method (MP-LRS3) was observed. The particle of MP-LRS3 was smaller and relatively smoother while UP-LRS3 was bigger and rougher compared to GP-LRS3. Among these samples, GP-LRS3 exhibited the highest degree of ordered structure and crystallinity, the amorphous region of MP-LRS3 was the biggest and UP-LRS3 displayed the highest degree of double helical structure. Additionally, MP-LRS3 displayed the strongest solubility and swelling power while UP-LRS3 exhibited the strongest iodine absorption ability and thermostability, which were affected by their structural characteristics.

Effect of guar gum on the physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of lotus seed starch

Mingjing Zheng,Qingxiang You,Yan Lin,Fengyi Lan,Menglin Luo,Hongliang Zeng,Baodong Zheng,Yi Zhang

The effect of guar gum (GG) on the physicochemical properties and digestibility of lotus seed starch (LS) subjected to autoclaving-cooling were investigated. Compared to LS alone, LS with 0.03% or 0.15% GG displayed higher crystallinity and short-range order, resulting in the formation of a denser crystal structure. It might contribute to the reduced swelling power, final viscosity, and setback viscosity for those complexes. Coating effect and hydrophilicity were more apparent in LS containing 0.30%, 0.60%, or 0.90% GG, which weakened their crystal structure and increased swelling power, final viscosity, and setback viscosity. The addition of GG delayed starch digestion in vitro, decreased the content of rapidly digestible starch, and increased the content of resistant starch, especially when 0.30% GG was added to 30% LS. The changes in crystal structure and viscosity partially explained the reduced digestibility.

Sustainable biochar derived from waste lotus seedpod for efficient adsorption of residual carbamate pesticides

Xinyue Li,Yue Wang,Cheng Chen,Chao Tian,Xiaoli Yu,Jinglei Liu,Qin Li,Shuling Wang

The pollution of carbamate pesticides (CMs) has seriously threatened human health. Here, a sustainable biochar derived from lotus seedpod (LSP) was prepared to remove residual CMs. Among various raw materials, lotus seedpod-derived biochar (LSPB) showed better surface morphology, high porosity and more surface functional groups to mediate the best adsorption performance of CMs. When the LSP/H 3 PO 4 ratio, carbonization temperature and time was defined as 1:5, 700°C and 60 min, respectively, LSPB obtained the highest adsorption capacity and good yield. The SEM micrographs, XRD and FTIR showed that LSPB was of porous and amorphous carbon structure, and increased functional groups for more surface adsorption sites. The adsorption efficiency of LSPB was considerably higher for adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g/L, solution temperature of 20°C, initial CMs concentration of 10 μg/mL, and adsorption time of 30 minutes. The Elovich adsorption kinetic model indicated the potential heterogeneous surface adsorption mechanism of LSPB. Adsorption thermodynamic showed that the CMs adsorption on LSPB was spontaneous and endothermic. LSPB displayed favorable recovery performance, and can be effectively used for five cycles. LSPB showed potential adsorption performance in different CMs-residual waters, and is even superior to that of some commercial adsorption products. Based on its favorable adsorption performance and low-cost, this sustainable LSPB may be a promising CMs residues adsorbent for removal of it from water.

Highly efficient uranium (VI) capture by magnesium oxide loaded lotus seedpod-derived biochar via a hydrothermal and pyrolytic coupling process

Yang Wang,Qi Ren,Hongtao Xia,Jianqi Lv,Zihao Feng,Cong Yin,Yanjun Du,Yang Li,Yun Wang

Pollution from uranium(VI)-containing wastewater is a non-negligible part during the use of nuclear energy and becomes the urgent problem to be solved. This work coupled hydrothermal and pyrolytic process to prepare magnesium oxide loaded lotus seedpods-derived biochar (MgO-HBC) for U(VI) adsorption in aqueous solution. The coupling process significantly enhanced the surface area, thermal stability and active sites of biochar. Batch adsorption experiments showed that MgO-HBC had the characteristics of fast adsorption rate (within 30 min), high U(VI) adsorption capacity (906.5 mg∙g −1 ) and susceptibility to solution pH and temperature. The fittings of the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir model revealed a chemical adsorption process with homogeneous monolayer. Thermodynamics analysis demonstrated the spontaneity, endothermicity and randomness of adsorption process . Adsorption mechanism proved that U(VI) adsorption by MgO-HBC was through the complexation between uranyl and its hydrolysates of Mg-O. The work provided a new synthesis strategy of MgO-HBC for U(VI) pollution cleanup.

A three-stage microwave-vacuum, pulsed-vacuum, and vacuum drying method for lotus seeds

Yuanhui Li,Na Wan,Zhenfeng Wu,Xuecheng Wang,Ming Yang

In this study, a three-stage microwave-vacuum, pulsed-vacuum, and vacuum drying method (MVD-PVD-VD) was proposed to reduce the quality loss of dried lotus seeds. The effects of MVD-PVD-VD, double combination of microwave vacuum drying, and pulsed vacuum drying (MVD-PVD), PVD, MVD, VD, and hot air drying (HAD) on the quality of lotus seeds were comparatively investigated. Results showed that MVD-PVD-VD took some advantages over the other four drying methods as it allowed the lowest shrinkage, and the highest porosity, rehydration capacity, total phenolic content, and nine phenolics contents. It was shown that with the decreasing moisture content of conversion point for the changing of MVD into PVD and PVD into VD during MVD-PVD-VD, the required drying time and shrinkage ratio decreased, and porosity and rehydration capacity increased. This study demonstrated that MVD-PVD-VD is an effective alternative method for the drying of lotus seeds. Practical applications Lotus seeds, the mature fruit from the Nelumbo nucifer , are important commercial crops and widely consumed as dietary staple or dietary supplement in many countries. Because of its perishable characteristic, fresh lotus seeds must be dehydrated to extend its shelf-life for off-season use. Drying is one of the most important and worldwide spread methods for food preservation. However, conventional drying methods are time-consuming and may cause significant loss in the quality of the product. To this end, a three-stage microwave-vacuum, pulsed-vacuum, and vacuum drying method are proposed in this paper to dehydrate lotus seeds. Results showed that this method is an effective alternative method for the drying of lotus seeds.

Far infrared-assisted removal of extraction solvent for capillary electrophoretic determination of the bioactive constituents in Plumula Nelumbinis

Danjing Wan,Yu Han,Farui Li,Hua Mao,Gang Chen

Far infrared radiation was employed in the rapid removal of the solvents in the extracts of Plumula Nelumbinis and standard mixture solutions to prevent the interference of the solvent peaks toward their capillary electrophoretic measurements. The sample solutions in small vials were exposed to far infrared ray at 60°C for 3 min to remove solvent. The dried samples in the vials were each dissolved into running buffer with the aid of ultrasonication for capillary electrophoresis analysis. The far infrared-assisted solvent removal approach was sucessfully applied in the rapid determination of neferine, liensinine, isoliensinine, rutin and hyperoside in Plumula Nelumbinis . The five analytes could be well separated within 12 min in a 40 cm long fused silica capillary at a separation voltage of 12 kV in a 50 mM borate buffer (pH 9.2). The results indicated that the interferences of the solvent peaks in the capillary electropherograms of the herbal drugs were eliminated completely.

Structural characterization and in vitro analysis of the prebiotic activity of oligosaccharides from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) seeds

Yi Lei,Yanlin Zhang,Qi Wang,Baodong Zheng,Song Miao,Xu Lu

In the present study, lotus seed oligosaccharides (LOSs) were isolated from lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) seeds using preparative liquid chromatography. LOS structures were characterized using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), acid hydrolysis, tandem   mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Then, Lactobacillus acidophilus was used to evaluate the prebiotic activity of LOSs in vitro. The structural analysis revealed that the monosaccharide components of LOSs included glucose, mannose, fructose and galactose. The MS/MS results indicated that disaccharides, trisaccharides, trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides were the constituents of isolated oligosaccharide polymers LOS2, LOS3-1, LOS3-2, and LOS4, respectively. The FT-IR and 1D/2D NMR data confirmed that LOS3 and LOS4 had a linear structure consisting of (1 → 6)- α - d -mannopyranosyl and glucopyranosyl residues. LOS3-1 and LOS4 effectively and selectively promoted the growth of an L. acidophilus strain, according to the results of the assays of optical density and the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content in the culture broth.