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Eco-dyeing and Functional Finishing of Cotton Fabric by Natural Dye Derived from Lotus Seedpod Waste with Chitosan-Assistance

Fang Jin,Meng Chen,Wang Yingfeng,Yang Yi,Han Lun,Wang Shubo,Zhang Guangzhi,Xu Zhenzhen,Min Jie

Recently, the use of natural dyes for simultaneous dyeing and finishing of textiles has become a popular trend with the expanding interest in eco-textiles and environmental-friendly processing techniques. In this study, the natural dye was extracted from biomass lotus seedpod waste, and the effects of temperature, time, and pH as well as a metal mordant on fabric dyeing performance were investigated, and then it was applied to eco-dyeing and functional finishing of cotton fabric together with the bio-mordant chitosan. The dyeing performance and functionality of cotton fabric were characterized through SEM, UV–Vis, Datacolor and indicators such as color strength, color fastness, ultraviolet protection factor, and bacterial inhibition rate. The results showed that the color stability of natural dye was higher under acidic conditions, and the pH had more influence on the dyeing effect of the fabric compared with temperature and time. Though metal mordanting could obtain a higher color strength, it had a certain effect on the color phase of the dyed fabric. SEM showed that cationized chitosan was successfully deposited on the surface of cotton fibers, which improved the dye exhaustion rate of the fabric by reducing the electrostatic repulsion between cotton fibers and dye molecules, thus increasing the color strength ( K/S value of about 4–5 for directly dyed cotton fabric and 7.6446 for chitosan pretreated dyed cotton fabric) and various color fastness (rubbing, washing, saliva, and light fastness were greater than or equal to grade 4). Compared with other fabrics, the chitosan pretreated dyed cotton fabric had a higher ultraviolet protection factor (UPF value = 63.4) and excellent inhibition of E. coli and S. aureus (99.86 and 99.99% initial inhibition, 99.08 and 98.21% after ten cycles of washing). This study provides a new idea for the high-value utilization of biomass waste in textile processing.