This study presents an innovative attempt to extract high-quality pectins from grapefruit ( Citrus paradisi ) peels by using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as extraction agents. The maximum yield of betaine-citric acid (BC)-extracted pectin (BC-P) reached 36.47 % under the optimum process conditions: an L/S ratio of 25 mL/g, a pH of 2.0, and a temperature of 85 °C for 120 min. The yield of BC-P was significantly higher than HCl-extracted pectin (HCl-P, 8.76 %) under a pH of 2.0. In addition, the structural, physicochemical, and emulsifying properties of the purified pectins (BC-P and HCl-P) and commercial pectin (CP) were comparatively analyzed. Results showed that BC-P exhibited higher RG-I value, more arabinan side-chains, bigger Mw and Mn value than HCl-P. Moreover, the viscosity, G′ and G′′ of BC-P were significantly higher than those of HCl-P and CP. More importantly, BC-P demonstrated better emulsifying activity and stability compared to HCl-P and CP. When the concentration of BC-P was increased to 1.50 %, a stable emulsion containing a 50 % soybean oil fraction could be obtained. Our results confirmed that DESs can be considered as high-effective agents for pectin extraction. Pectins extracted from grapefruit peels can be as a promising natural emulsifiers that can be used in the food industry.
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is greatly limited in the fields of phase change heat storing and solar energy absorption due to its low thermal conductivity , poor thermal stability and weak photo-thermal effect. Aiming at solving the above concerns, this work structures a new composite phase change material (PCM)(PEG/BPC@Ag) with biomass grapefruit peel-based porous carbon foam (BPC) as the backbone material and Nano-Ag as a surface-modified component, and the phase change medium PEG by simple vacuum immersion method. The test findings revealed that the modified carbon foam with Nano-Ag has excellent three-dimensional structure and photo-thermal effect, which makes the prepared composite PCM(CPCM) have enhanced photo-thermal transformation capacity, an enhanced thermal conductivity and excellent thermal stability. Among them, the thermic conductivity of the PEG/BPC@Ag was increased by 2.1 folds to 0.68 W/Mk. similarly, its enthalpy efficiency λ and was increased from 82.0 % to 83.7 %, and the photo-thermal transformation performance θ was increased from 76.8 % to 91.2 %. As well, the PEG/BPC@Ag has exceptional reusability and thermic robustness performance. Comprehensively, the PEG/BPC@Ag prepared in this work has a wide potential for application both in waste heat recovery and solar energy absorption, as well as in thermal management of electronic components, as well as providing a feasible solution for solid waste recycling in utilization.
The content of differentially abundant metabolites in the fermentation broth of grapefruit peels fermented byCordyceps militarisat different fermentation times was analyzed via LC–MS/MS. Small molecule metabolites and differential metabolic pathways were analyzed via multivariate analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment. A total of 423 metabolites were identified at 0, 2, 6, and 10 days after fermentation. Among them, 169 metabolites showed differential abundance, with significant differences observed between the fermentation liquids of every two experimental groups, and the metabolite composition in the fermentation liquid changed over the fermentation time. In summary, the upregulation and downregulation of metabolites in cancer metabolic pathways collectively promote the remodeling of cancer cell metabolism, facilitating increased glycolysis, alterations in TCA cycle flux, and enhanced biosynthesis of the macromolecules required for rapid proliferation and survival. This study provides new perspectives on the development of high-value-added agricultural and forestry byproducts and the development and research of functional foods.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）