The Mongolian sheep, emblematic of the Inner Mongolian grasslands, is renowned for its exceptional stress resistance and adaptability to harsh environments, drawing considerable attention. Recent research has unveiled the novel role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in combating oxidative stress. This investigation examined how GABA impacts renal-cortex and medulla cells from Mongolian sheep exposed to high-glucose stress conditions, utilizing gene expression analysis and non-targeted metabolomics. Elevated glucose levels significantly reduced the viability of Mongolian sheep renal cells and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Conversely, the introduction of GABA notably enhanced cell viability, reduced ROS production, and stimulated the expression of antioxidant genes (e.g.,Gpx,SOD,CAT) in the renal cortex. In the renal medulla,CATexpression increased, whileGpxgene expression showed mixed responses. Metabolomics analysis indicated that high-glucose exposure altered various metabolites, whereas GABA alleviated the metabolic stress induced by high glucose through modulating glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In Mongolian sheep renal cells, GABA effectively mitigated oxidative damage triggered by high-glucose stress by upregulating antioxidant genes and regulating metabolic pathways, revealing insights into its potential mechanism for adapting to extreme environments. This finding offers a fresh perspective on understanding the stress resilience of Mongolian sheep and may provide valuable insights for research across diverse disciplines.
Yan-Mei Zhang,Khas Erdene,Ya-Bo Zhao,Chang-Qing Li,Li Wang,Feng Tian,Chang-Jin Ao,Hai Jin
Mongolian sheep are characteristically cold-tolerant and thus can survive well and maintain genetic stability in the extremely cold environment of the Mongolian Plateau. However, the adaptive mechanism of Mongolian sheep during the cold season in the plateau environment remains unknown. Browning of white adipose tissues (WAT) can trigger nonshivering thermogenesis as a potential strategy to promote an animal's tolerance to cold environments. Thus, a comparative analysis of the genes and proteins of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent and UCP1-independent browning pathways, mitochondrial biogenesis , lipogenic and lipolytic processes of WAT from grazing Mongolian sheep in the cold and warm seasons was conducted. We found seasonal browning of both retroperitoneal WAT and perirenal WAT, and the signalling of the process was mainly transduced by the UCP1- dependent pathway, primarily reflected in the upregulated gene levels of UCP1 and peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α). In addition, the mean adipocyte diameter and mRNA expression of lipogenic genes in both interscapular WAT and subcutaneous WAT were significantly elevated during the cold season. The findings of this study demonstrate that grazing Mongolian sheep could depend on seasonal browning of both retroperitoneal WAT and perirenal WAT together with the expansion of both interscapular WAT and subcutaneous WAT to acclimate to cold environments of the Mongolian Plateau.
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