Hui Liu,Mengqi Liu,Kuiyuan Chen,Mei Shan,Yongye Li
Penthiopyrad is a widely used chiral fungicide for controlling rust and Rhizoctonia diseases. Development of optically pure monomers is an important strategy to realize amount reduction and increment effects of penthiopyrad, wherein, fertilizers as the co-exiting nutrient supplement may alter the enantioselective residues of penthiopyrad in soil. In our study, influences of urea, phosphate, potash, NPK compound, organic granular, vermicompost and soya bean cake fertilizers on enantioselective persistence of penthiopyrad were fully evaluated. This study demonstrated that R -(−)-penthiopyrad dissipated faster than S -(+)-penthiopyrad during 120 days. High pH, available nitrogen, invertase activities and reduced available phosphorus, dehydrogenase , urease, catalase activities were situated to benefit removing the concentrations of penthiopyrad and weakening enantioselectivity in soil. With respect to the impact of different fertilizers on soil ecological indicators, vermicompost contributed to enhanced pH. Urea and compound fertilizer played an absolute advantage in promoting available nitrogen. All fertilizers didn't go against available phosphorus. Dehydrogenase responded negatively to phosphate, potash and organic fertilizers . Urea increased invertase, besides, it and compound fertilizer both diminished urease activity. The catalase activity was not activated by organic fertilizer. Based on all the findings, soil application of urea and phosphate fertilizers was recommended and considered as a better option to exhibit high efficiency for the dissipation of penthiopyrad. The combined environmental safety estimation can effectively guide the treatment of fertilization soils in line with the nutrition requirements and pollution regulation from penthiopyrad.
Xia Hou,Yang Ou,Xinhong Wang,Huiping Liu,Lei Cheng,Liming Yan
The atrazine (ATR) is extensively used in dryland crops like corn and sorghum in black soil region of Northeast China, posing ecological risks due to toxic metabolites. Vermicompost are known for soil organic pollution remediation but their role in pesticide degradation in black soil remains understudied. The influence of vermicompost on the microbial degradation pathway of atrazine was assessed in this study. Although vermicompost didn't significantly boost atrazine removal, they notably aided in primary metabolite degradation, hydroxyatrazine (HYA), deisopropylatrazine (DIA), and deethylatrazine (DEA), reducing their content by 38.67 %. They also altered the soil microbial community structure, favoring atrazine-degrading bacteria like Proteobacteria , Firmicutes , and Actinobacteria . Five secondary degradation products were identified in vermicompost treatments. Atrazine degradation occurred via dechlorination, dealkylation, and deamination pathways mainly by Nocardioidacea , Streptomycetaceae , Bacillaceae , Sphingomonadaceae , Comamonadaceae and Nitrososphaeraceae . pH and available nitrogen (AN) influenced microbial community structure and atrazine degradation, correlating with vermicompost application rates. Future black soil remediation should optimize application rates based on atrazine content and soil properties.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）