Beeswax, an FDA-approved component, has been extensively applied in feed, pharmaceutical, and food industries. The occurrence of neonicotinoid pesticides in beehive systems and their residues in beeswax have caused safety risks. Therefore, establishing a detection method for neonicotinoid pesticide residues in beeswax is crucial for ensuring its quality. The superhydrophobic property of beeswax makes it a challenge to develop suitable determination methods. In this work, we determined Proline and Oxalic acid as a suitable deep eutectic solvent (DES) to extract neonicotinoids from beeswax through theoretical design and verification tests. Systematic molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces facilitate the migration of neonicotinoid pesticides from beeswax into the DES. Performance analysis of the method revealed that the DES extraction combined with UHPLC-MS/MS approach exhibited excellent detection capabilities. It was applied to real beeswax sample analysis with the characteristics of simpleness, quickness, environmental friendliness, and high throughput.
Lukai Ma,Zijian Li,Linjing Li,Xianhong Bi,Gengsheng Xiao,Linlin Li
This study developed nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) using edible beeswax and flaxseed oil to encapsulate β-sitosterol. Structural analysis revealed the formation of a less ordered lipid matrix with reduced crystallinity compared to pure beeswax, contributing to a high encapsulation efficiency of 92 %. Optimal formulation (beeswax: flaxseed oil 3:2, Tween 80: Polyglycerol fatty acid(PGE) 4:1 totaling 7 % emulsifier) and processing parameters (10 min homogenization, 200 W ultrasonic power for 4 min) yielded stable nanoparticles maintaining physical stability for 40 days across varying pH and temperature. In vitro digestion demonstrated that the NLCs effectively protected β-sitosterol from gastric degradation and enabled controlled intestinal release, achieving significantly higher bioaccessibility (43.9 %) compared to free β-sitosterol (12.1 %). These results highlight beeswax-flaxseed oil NLCs as a promising delivery system for enhancing the bioaccessibility of hydrophobic bioactive in functional foods.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）